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Zhang C, Wang TW, Lu ZJ, Yi ZX, Kuang BL, Bu S, Xie ZM, Li Y, Wang K, Zhang JG. Optimization of performance and sensitivity: preparation of two Ag(I)-based ECPs by using isomeric ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13716-13723. [PMID: 37706537 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02429f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
For energetic compounds, their structure determines their performance, and even minor variations in their structure can have a significant impact on their performance. The application scenarios for energetic materials are diverse, and their performance requirements vary as well. To investigate the influence of different substituent positions on the performance of primary explosives, we prepared two Ag(I)-based complexes, [Ag(2-IZCA)ClO4]n (ECPs-1) and [Ag(4-IZCA)ClO4]n (ECPs-2), using structurally isomeric ligands, 1H-imidazole-2-carbohydrazide (2-IZCA) and 1H-imidazole-4-carbohydrazide (4-IZCA). The structures were confirmed using infrared, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Experimental results demonstrate that both ECPs exhibit good thermal stability. However, compared to ECPs-1, ECPs-2 exhibits a lower thermal initial decomposition temperature (Td = 210 °C), lower mechanical sensitivity (IS = 27 J, FS = 84 N), and more concentrated energy output. Although theoretical predictions suggest similar detonation velocities and pressures for both compounds, actual detonation performance tests indicate that ECPs-2 has stronger explosive power and initiating capability, with potential for use as a laser initiator (E = 126 mJ). The simple preparation method and inexpensive starting materials enrich the research on primary explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Ting-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zu-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen-Xin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bao-Long Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Shu Bu
- State Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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2
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Cui WH, Liu Q, Ye Z, He Y. Design and Synthesis of Bistetrazole-Based Energetic Salts Bearing the Nitrogen-Rich Fused Ring. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37471513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of bistetrazole-based energetic salts bearing a nitrogen-rich fused ring were designed and synthesized. Among them, compounds 4-10 showed good detonation properties and excellent thermostability. By treating nitrogen-rich fused ring 3 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, a new type of Dimroth rearrangement was observed that afforded compound 12 efficiently. This new transformation herein constitutes a valuable addition to the Dimroth rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
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3
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Endraß SM, Klapötke TM, Lechner JT, Stierstorfer J. Application of 1- and 2-propargyl-tetrazole in laser-ignitable energetic coordination compounds. FIREPHYSCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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4
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Chaplygin DA, Larin AA, Meerov DB, Monogarov KA, Pronkin DK, Pivkina AN, Fershtat LL. (2-Vinyltetrazolyl)furoxans as New Potential Energetic Monomers. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200365. [PMID: 36513393 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective approach toward the synthesis of a set of new (2-vinyltetrazolyl)furoxans as potential energetic monomers has been realized. All target energetic materials were thoroughly characterized by spectral and analytical methods. Moreover, crystal structures of two representative heterocyclic systems were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Prepared high-energy substances have high combined nitrogen-oxygen content (63-71 %), high enthalpies of formation and good detonation parameters (D: 6.7-7.8 km s-1; P: 18-28 GPa). Mechanical sensitivities of the synthesized vinyltetrazoles range these explosives from highly sensitive to completely insensitive. Using calculations of molecular electrostatic potentials (ESP), structural factors influencing the impact sensitivity were revealed. Overall, newly synthesized (2-vinyltetrazolyl)furoxans are of interest as promising energetic monomers due to the presence of the vinyl moiety and explosophoric heterocyclic combination, while their performance exceeds that of benchmark explosive TNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A Chaplygin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Larin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B Meerov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry K Pronkin
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid L Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000, Myasnitskaya str., 20, Moscow, Russian Federation
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5
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Kofen M, Braun V, Endraß SMJ, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J. 1-(Nitratomethyl)-5 H-tetrazole: A Highly Sensitive Ligand with Improved Oxygen Balance for Laser-Ignitable Coordination Compounds. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17212-17225. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Kofen
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon M. J. Endraß
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Zhang Q, He C, Pang S. Synthesis of heterocyclic (triazole, furoxan, furazan) fused pyridazine di- N-oxides via hypervalent iodine oxidation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Use of a mild PIDA oxidation strategy to access heterocyclic (triazole, furoxan, furazan) fused pyridazine di-N-oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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