1
|
Jin D, Sun X, Hinz A, Roesky PW. Unconventional Insertions of Internal Alkynes into a Mixed-Valent Silaiminyl-Silylene. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:18669-18675. [PMID: 39321031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of a mixed-valent silaiminyl-silylene [LSi-Si(NDipp)L] (L = PhC(NtBu)2, Dipp = 2,6-iPr-C6H3) toward various substituted internal alkynes was investigated. In contrast to previous reports that primarily yield [Si(μ-C2)Si]-modified rings via 1,2-addition of two silylenes in the center of the molecule, our study reveals a novel reaction pathway. The introduction of [R1-C≡C-R2] (R1 = Ph or SiMe3, R2 = Ph or C≡CSiMe3) gave unconventional insertion into one of the amidinate ligands, followed by migration of the {NtBu} group to bridge two Si atoms. This results in the formation of diverse expanded silacycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Jin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jacob HL, Weyer N, Leibold M, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. Ferrocene-Based N-Heterocyclic Silylenes: Monomeric Silanechalcogenones, Silanimines, Silirenes, and Insertion Products with P 4. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400850. [PMID: 38656583 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The stable ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic silylenes fc[(N{B})2Si] (A; fc=1,1'-ferrocenylene, {B}=(HCNDipp)2B, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) and fc[(NDipp)2Si] (B) are compared in a study focussing on their reactivity towards a range of small to moderately sized molecular substrates, viz. P4, S8, Se8, MesN3 (Mes=mesityl), RC≡CH, and RC≡CR (R=Ph, SiMe3). The Dipp-substituted congener B exhibits a more pronounced ambiphilicity and is sterically less congested than its 1,3,2-diazaborolyl-substituted relative A, in line with the higher reactivity of the former. The difference in reactivity is obviously due more to electronic than to steric reasons, as is illustrated by the fact that both A and B react with the comparatively bulky substrate MesN3 under mild conditions to afford the corresponding silanimine fc[(N{B})2Si=NMes] and fc[(NDipp)2Si=NMes], respectively. The heavier ketone analogues fc[(N{B})2Si=E] (E=S, Se, Te) are readily available from A and the corresponding chalcogen. In contrast, the reaction of the more reactive silylene B with elemental sulfur or selenium is unspecific, affording product mixtures. However, fc[(NDipp)2Si=Se] is selectively prepared from B and (Et2N)3PSe; the Te analogue is also accessible, but crystallises as head-to-tail dimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes L Jacob
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Nadine Weyer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun X, Jin D, Maier S, Hinz A, Roesky PW. Reactivities of phosphaalkynes towards diverse bis-silylenes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10220-10225. [PMID: 38828484 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Bis-silylenes do not only act as strong chelating σ-donor ligands, but also exhibit cooperative behaviour in the activation of small molecules. Three different P-Si containing molecules were prepared from the reaction between tBuCP and different bis-silylenes, which are bridged by ferrocenediyl, diaminobenzene, or o-carborane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Da Jin
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Maier
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute for Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akhtar R, Gaurav K, Khan S. Applications of low-valent compounds with heavy group-14 elements. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6150-6243. [PMID: 38757535 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the low-valent compounds of group-14 elements have received significant attention in several fields of chemistry owing to their unique electronic properties. The low-valent group-14 species include tetrylenes, tetryliumylidene, tetrylones, dimetallenes and dimetallynes. These low-valent group-14 species have shown applications in various areas such as organic transformations (hydroboration, cyanosilylation, N-functionalisation of amines, and hydroamination), small molecule activation (e.g. P4, As4, CO2, CO, H2, alkene, and alkyne) and materials. This review presents an in-depth discussion on low-valent group-14 species-catalyzed reactions, including polymerization of rac-lactide, L-lactide, DL-lactide, and caprolactone, followed by their photophysical properties (phosphorescence and fluorescence), thin film deposition (atomic layer deposition and vapor phase deposition), and medicinal applications. This review concisely summarizes current developments of low-valent heavier group-14 compounds, covering synthetic methodologies, structural aspects, and their applications in various fields of chemistry. Finally, their opportunities and challenges are examined and emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruksana Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang W, Li X, Li SY, Li Q, Sun H, Li X. Synthesis of Bis(silylene) Iron Chlorides and Their Catalytic Activity for Dinitrogen Silylation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21014-21024. [PMID: 38095917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three tetracoordinated bis(silylene) iron(II) chlorides, namely, [SiCHRSi]FeCl2 (1) (R = H), (2) (R = CH3), and (3) (R = Ph), were synthesized through the reactions of the three different bis(silylene) ligands [LSiCHRSiL] (L = PhC(NtBu)2, L1 (R = H), L2 (R = CH3), L3 (R = Ph)) with FeCl2·(THF)1.5 in THF. The bis(silylene) Fe complexes 1-3 could be used as effective catalysts for dinitrogen silylation, with complex 3 demonstrating the highest turnover number (TON) of 746 equiv among the three complexes. The catalytic mechanism was explored, revealing the involvement of the pentacoordinated bis(dinitrogen) iron(0) complexes [SiCHRSi]Fe(N2)2(THF), (4)-(6), as the active catalysts in the dinitrogen silylation reaction. Additionally, the cyclic silylene compound 10 was obtained from the reaction of L1 with KC8. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the molecular structures of complexes 1-3 and 10 in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarcevic J, Heitkemper T, Ruth PN, Naß L, Kubis M, Stalke D, Sindlinger CP. A donor-supported silavinylidene and silylium ylides: boroles as a flexible platform for versatile Si(ii) chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5148-5159. [PMID: 37206392 PMCID: PMC10189903 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00808h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron-deficient, anti-aromatic 2,5-disilyl boroles are shown to be a flexibly adaptive molecular platform with regards to SiMe3 mobility in their reaction with the nucleophilic donor-stabilised precursor dichloro silylene SiCl2(IDipp). Depending on the substitution pattern, selective formation of two fundamentally different products of rivalling formation pathways is achieved. Formal addition of the dichlorosilylene gives the 5,5-dichloro-5-sila-6-borabicyclo[2.1.1]hex-2-ene derivatives. Under kinetically controlled conditions, SiCl2(IDipp) induces 1,3-trimethylsilyl migration and adds exocyclically to the generated carbene fragment giving an NHC-supported silylium ylide. In some cases interconversion between these compound classes was triggered by temperature or NHC-addition. Reduction of silaborabicyclo[2.1.1]hex-2-ene derivatives under forcing conditions gave clean access to recently described nido-type cluster Si(ii) half-sandwich complexes of boroles. Reduction of a NHC-supported silylium ylide gave an unprecedented NHC-supported silavinylidene which rearranges to the nido-type cluster at elevated temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julijan Sarcevic
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70169 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tobias Heitkemper
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70169 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Paul Niklas Ruth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Leonard Naß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Maximilian Kubis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian P Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70169 Stuttgart Germany
| |
Collapse
|