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Ding X, Chen J, Ye G. Supramolecular polynuclear clusters sustained cubic hydrogen bonded frameworks with octahedral cages for reversible photochromism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2782. [PMID: 38555300 PMCID: PMC10981757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing supramolecular porous crystalline frameworks with tailor-made architectures from advanced secondary building units (SBUs) remains a pivotal challenge in reticular chemistry. Particularly for hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), construction of geometrical cavities through secondary units has been rarely achieved. Herein, a body-centered cubic HOF (TCA_NH4) with octahedral cages was constructed by a C3-symmetric building block and NH4+ node-assembled cluster (NH4)4(COOH)8(H2O)2 that served as supramolecular secondary building units (SSBUs), akin to the polynuclear SBUs in reticular chemistry. Specifically, the octahedral cages could encapsulate four homogenous haloforms including CHCl3, CHBr3, and CHI3 with truncated octahedron configuration. Crystallographic evidence revealed the cages served as spatially-confined nanoreactors, enabling fast, broadband photochromic effect associated with the reversible photo/thermal transformation between encapsulated CHI3 and I2. Overall, this work provides a strategy by shaping SSBUs to expand the framework topology of HOFs and a prototype of hydrogen-bonded nanoreactors to accommodate reversible photochromic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Pedrini A, Marchetti D, Pinalli R, Massera C. Stimuli-Responsive, Dynamic Supramolecular Organic Frameworks. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300383. [PMID: 37675865 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) are a class of three-dimensional, potentially porous materials obtained by the self-assembly of organic building blocks held together by weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, π⋅⋅⋅π stacking and dispersion forces. SOFs are being extensively studied for their potential applications in gas storage and separation, catalysis, guest encapsulation and sensing. The supramolecular forces that guide their self-assembly endow them with an attractive combination of crystallinity and flexibility, providing intelligent dynamic materials that can respond to external stimuli in a reversible way. The present review article will focus on SOFs showing dynamic behaviour when exposed to different stimuli, highlighting fundamental aspects such as the combination of tectons and supramolecular interactions involved in the framework formation, structure-property relationship and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pedrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Danilo Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Roberta Pinalli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Marchetti D, Pedrini A, Massera C, Faye Diouf MD, Jandl C, Steinfeld G, Gemmi M. 3D electron diffraction analysis of a novel, mechanochemically synthesized supramolecular organic framework based on tetrakis-4-(4-pyridyl)phenylmethane. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2023; 79:432-436. [PMID: 37811771 PMCID: PMC10833357 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520623007680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetrakis-4-(4-pyridyl)phenylmethane (TPPM) is a tetrahedral rigid molecule that crystallizes forming a dynamically responsive supramolecular organic framework (SOF). When exposed to different stimuli, this supramolecular network can reversibly switch from an empty to a filled solvated solid phase. This article describes a novel expanded form of a TPPM-based SOF that has been mechanochemically synthesized and whose crystal structure has been determined by 3D electron diffraction analysis using a novel electron diffractometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43123, Italy
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43123, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43123, Italy
| | - Moussa Diame Faye Diouf
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Christian Jandl
- ELDICO Scientific AG, PARK INNOVAARE: deliveryLAB, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Steinfeld
- ELDICO Scientific AG, PARK INNOVAARE: deliveryLAB, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
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Liang M, Hu S, Zhou N, Liu Z, Chen Q, Chen X, Liu X, Li CP, Hao J, Xue P. Flexible Luminescent Hydrogen-bonded Organic Framework for the Separation of Benzene and Cyclohexane. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304340. [PMID: 37323072 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A nonplanar phenothiazine derivative with three cyano moieties (PTTCN) is designed and synthesized to achieve functional crystals for absorptive separation of benzene and cyclohexane. PTTCN can crystallize into two kinds of crystals with different fluorescence colors in different solvent systems. The molecules in two crystals are in different stereo isomeric forms of nitrogen, quasi axial (ax), and quasi equatorial (eq). The crystals with blue fluorescence in ax form may selectively adsorb benzene by a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation, but separated benzene from a benzene/cyclohexane equimolar mixture with a low purity of 79.6%. Interestingly, PTTCN molecules with eq form and benzene co-assembled to construct a hydrogen-bonded framework (X-HOF-4) with S-type solvent channels and yellow-green fluorescence, and can release benzene to form nonporous guest-free crystal under heating. Such nonporous crystals strongly favor aromatic benzene over cyclohexane and may selectively reabsorb benzene from benzene/cyclohexane equimolar mixture to recover original framework, and the purity of benzene can reach ≈96.5% after release from framework. Moreover, reversible transformation between the nonporous crystals and the guest-containing crystals allows the material to be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393, Binshui West Road, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Siwen Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393, Binshui West Road, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393, Binshui West Road, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393, Binshui West Road, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393, Binshui West Road, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xingliang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Peng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393, Binshui West Road, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jingjun Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393, Binshui West Road, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393, Binshui West Road, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
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