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Xing C, Qi Z, Zhou B, Yan D, Fang WH. Solid-State Photochemical Cascade Process Boosting Smart Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence in Bismuth Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402634. [PMID: 38466630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), exhibiting multiple stimuli-responsive characteristics, has garnered considerable attention due to its potential applications in light-emitting devices, sensors, and information safety. This work proposes the utilization of photochemical cascade processes (PCCPs) in molecular crystals to design a stepwise smart RTP switch. By harnessing the sequential dynamics of photo-burst movement (induced by [2+2] photocycloaddition) and photochromism (induced by photogenerated radicals) in a bismuth (Bi)-based metal-organic halide (MOH), a continuous and photo-responsive ultralong RTP can be achieved. Furthermore, utilizing the same Bi-based MOH, diverse application demonstrations, such as multi-mode anti-counterfeiting and information encryption, can be easily implemented. This work thus not only serves as a proof-of-concept for the development of solid-state PCCPs that integrate photosalient effect and photochromism with light-chemical-mechanical energy conversion, but also lays the groundwork for designing new Bi-based MOHs with dynamically responsive ultralong RTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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Giri P, Panda A, Panda MK. Photoinduced Puffing with Large Volume Expansion and Photomechanical Motions induced by Topochemical [4+4] Reactions in Molecular Crystal Solvates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303836. [PMID: 38198243 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report the first example of two crystal solvates of an anthracene-benzhydrazide based molecule (Ant) that display very distinct photo-responsive behaviour when 365 or 405 nm or visible light is illuminated. For the first time, the crystal hydrate that has water molecule in the lattice (hereafter named as Ant-H2O) display fascinating puffing behavior with large volume expansion upto 50 % accompanied with surface modulation when illuminated with 405 nm light, a phenomenon very much similar to the rice or popcorn puffing by thermal treatment. Utilizing the properties of photoconverted Ant-H2O crystals, we have demonstrated their application in photoinduced enhanced liquid absorption using various liquids/solutions. The other crystal solvate having DMF in the crystal lattice (hereafter named as Ant-DMF) responds to 405 nm light by bending, twisting, chopping, jumping or splitting etc. The chopping of Ant-DMF crystal was also observed under ambient/white light but at a slower rate compared to 405 nm light. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study reveals that the photoinduced puffing and photomechanical effects of these materials are rooted to the topochemical [4+4] cycloaddition reaction between the anthracene moieties that facilitate molecular packing change assisted by the reconfiguration of intermolecular non-covalent interactions involving lattice trapped solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032
| | - Atanu Panda
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
- Current affiliation: Amity University, Amity Institute of Applied Science, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manas K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032
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Borchers T, Topić F, Arhangelskis M, Vainauskas J, Titi HM, Bushuyev OS, Barrett CJ, Friščić T. Three-in-One: Dye-Volatile Cocrystals Exhibiting Intensity-Dependent Photochromic, Photomechanical, and Photocarving Response. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145. [PMID: 37924293 PMCID: PMC10655124 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of a cis-azobenzene dye with volatile molecules, such as pyrazine and dioxane, leads to materials that exhibit at least three different light-intensity-dependent responses upon irradiation with low-power visible light. The halogen-bond-driven assembly of the dye cis-(p-iodoperfluorophenyl)azobenzene with volatile halogen bond acceptors produces cocrystals whose light-induced behavior varies significantly depending on the intensity of the light applied. Low-intensity (<1 mW·cm-2) light irradiation leads to a color change associated with low levels of cis → trans isomerization. Irradiation at higher intensities (150 mW·mm-2) produces photomechanical bending, caused by more extensive isomerization of the dye. At still higher irradiation intensities (2.25 W·mm-2) the cocrystals undergo cold photocarving; i.e., they can be cut and written on with micrometer precision using laser light without a major thermal effect. Real-time Raman spectroscopy shows that this novel photochemical behavior differs from what would be expected from thermal energy input alone. Overall, this work introduces a rational blueprint, based on supramolecular chemistry in the solid state, for new types of crystalline light-responsive materials, which not only respond to being exposed to light but also change their response based on the light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan
H. Borchers
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Topić
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Jogirdas Vainauskas
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Yue Y, Dai J, Jin L, Liu C, Sun J, Ye K, Lu R. The Factor beyond Schmidt's Criteria Impacting the Photo-Induced [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactivity and Photoactuation of Molecular Crystals Based on Cyclic Chalcone Analogues. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301525. [PMID: 37313774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Generally, the potential reactive "olefin pairs" in the molecular crystals satisfying Schmidt's criteria could undergo topological [2+2] cycloaddition. In this study, another factor that affects the photodimerization reactivity of chalcone analogues was found. The cyclic chalcone analogues of (E)-2-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BIO), (E)-2-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (NIO), (Z)-2-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one (BFO), and (Z)-2-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)benzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-one (BTO) have been synthesized. While the geometrical parameters for the molecular packing of the above four compounds did not exceed Schmidt's criteria, [2+2] cycloaddition did not occur in the crystals of BIO and BTO. The single crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses revealed that interactions of C=O⋅⋅⋅H (CH2 ) existed between adjacent molecules in the crystal of BIO. Therefore, the carbonyl and methylene groups linked with one carbon atom in carbon-carbon double bond were tightly confined in the lattice, acting as a tweezer to inhibit free movement of the double bond and suppressing [2+2] cycloaddition. In the crystal of BTO, similar interactions of Cl⋅⋅⋅S and C=O⋅⋅⋅H (C6 H4 ) prevented free movement of the double bond. In contrast, the intermolecular interaction of C=O⋅⋅⋅H only exists around the carbonyl group in the crystals of BFO and NIO, leaving the C=C double bonds to move freely and allowing the occurrence of [2+2] cycloaddition. Driven by photodimerization, the needle-like crystals of BFO and NIO displayed evident photo-induced bending behavior. This work demonstrates that the intermolecular interactions around carbon-carbon double bond affect the [2+2] cycloaddition reactivity except for Schmidt's criteria. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of photomechanical molecular crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Dai
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Liuyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ran Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
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