1
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Shi Y, Qin Y, Li ZQ, Xu Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Li YA, Wu Y, Meng F, Zhong YW, Zhao D. Divergent Synthesis of Enantioenriched Silicon-Stereogenic Benzyl-, Vinyl- and Borylsilanes via Asymmetric Aryl to Alkyl 1,5-Palladium Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405520. [PMID: 38896428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Functionalization of Si-bound methyl group provides an efficient access to diverse organosilanes. However, the asymmetric construction of silicon-stereogenic architectures by functionalization of Si-bound methyl group has not yet been described despite recent significant progress in producing chiral silicon. Herein, we disclosed the enantioselective silylmethyl functionalization involving the aryl to alkyl 1,5-palladium migration to access diverse naphthalenes possessing an enantioenriched stereogenic silicon center, which are inaccessible before. It is worthy to note that the realization of asymmetric induction at the step of metal migration itself remains challenging. Our study constitutes the first enantioselective aryl to alkyl 1,5-palladium migration reaction. The key to the success is the discovery and fine-tuning of the different substituents of α,α,α,α-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol (TADDOL)-based phosphoramidites, which ensure the enantioselectivity and desired reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yize Xu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-An Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Ye ZT, Wu ZW, Zhang XX, Zhou J, Yu JS. Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of Si-stereocenters: recent advances and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8546-8562. [PMID: 39091219 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Silicon-stereogenic chiral organosilanes have found increasing applications in synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. In this context, various asymmetric catalytic methods have been established for the diverse synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silanes. In particular, asymmetric organocatalysis is emerging as an important and complementary synthetic tool for the enantioselective construction of silicon-stereocenters, along with the rapid development of chiral-metal catalyzed protocols. Its advent provides a powerful platform to achieve functionalized silicon-stereogenic organosilanes with structural diversity, and should lead to great development in chiral organosilicon chemistry. In this Tutorial Review, we highlight these latest achievements from two aspects: desymmetrizations of prochiral tetraorganosilanes and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations of racemic organosilanes by employing five organocatalytic activation modes. The advantages, limitations and synthetic value of each protocol, as well as the synthetic opportunities still open for further exploration, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tian Ye
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong-Wei Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
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3
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Han F, Su Q, Li Y, Hao J, Peng Y, Zhang Z, Jing L, Han P. Electroreductive Cross-Coupling between Aromatic Aldehydes and Chlorosilanes Enabling the Synthesis of α-Silyl Alcohols. Org Lett 2024; 26:7037-7042. [PMID: 39141560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
α-Silyl alcohols are powerful structural motifs for pharmaceutical chemistry, materials chemistry, and organic synthesis. The limitations of current synthetic techniques encompass a requirement for difficult-to-obtain silyl precursors, noble-metal catalysts, and narrow substrate scopes. Here, we developed a general synthetic method for α-silyl alcohols through electroreductive cross-coupling of aldehydes and chlorosilane. This method features easily available reagents, mild conditions, and a wide substrate scope. The establishment of this protocol will provide an alternative for access to α-silyl alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Qian Su
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yu Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yulin Peng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Zhengbing Zhang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Linhai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
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4
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Yu XL, Hu JW, Cao J, Xu LW. Intramolecular Hosomi-Sakurai Reaction for the Synthesis of Benzoxasiloles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9027-9030. [PMID: 38815156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A Lewis acid-catalyzed intramolecular Hosomi-Sakurai reaction of o-(allylsilyl)benzaldehyde/ketone has been developed. The reaction proceeds through simultaneous C-Si bond cleavage and C-C bond reconstruction. This protocol provides a rapid approach for the synthesis of allyl-substituted benzoxasiloles under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Long Yu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Hu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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5
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Gou FH, Ren F, Wu Y, Wang P. Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Monohydrosilanes via Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydrosilylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404732. [PMID: 38605561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic access of silicon-stereogenic organosilanes remains a big challenge, and largely depends on the desymmetrization of the symmetric precursors with two identical substitutes attached to silicon atom. Here we report the construction of silicon-stereogenic organosilanes via catalytic kinetic resolution of racemic monohydrosilanes with good to excellent selectivity factors. Both Si-stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles and Si-stereogenic monohydrosilanes could be efficiently accessed in one single operation via Rh-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular hydrosilylation, employing (R,R)-Et-DuPhos as the optimal ligand. This catalytic protocol features mild conditions, a low catalyst loading (0.1 mol % [Rh(cod)Cl]2), high stereoinduction (S factor up to 152), and excellent scalability. Moreover, further derivatizations led to the efficient synthesis of uncommon middle-size (7- and 8-membered) Si-stereogenic silacycles. Preliminary mechanistic study indicates this reaction might undergo a modified Chalk-Harrod mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Hu Gou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry, and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
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6
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Zhao JH, Zheng L, Zou JY, Zhang SY, Shen HC, Wu Y, Wang P. Construction of Si-Stereogenic Silanols by Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Alkenylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402612. [PMID: 38410071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The construction of silicon-stereogenic silanols via Pd-catalyzed intermolecular C-H alkenylation with the assistance of a commercially available L-pyroglutamic acid has been realized for the first time. Employing oxime ether as the directing group, silicon-stereogenic silanol derivatives could be readily prepared with excellent enantioselectivities, featuring a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, parallel kinetic resolution with unsymmetric substrates further highlighted the generality of this protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate that L-pyroglutamic acid could stabilize the Pd catalyst and provide excellent chiral induction. Preliminary computational studies unveil the origin of the enantioselectivity in the C-H bond activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Long Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Ye Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua-Chen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Gao J, Ge Y, He C. X-type silyl ligands for transition-metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4648-4673. [PMID: 38525837 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00893b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Given the critical importance of novel ligand development for transition-metal (TM) catalysis, as well as the resurgence of the field of organosilicon chemistry and silyl ligands, to summarize the topic of X-type silyl ligands for TM catalysis is highly attractive and timely. This review particularly emphasizes the unique σ-donating characteristics and trans-effects of silyl ligands, highlighting their crucial roles in enhancing the reactivity and selectivity of various catalytic reactions, including small molecule activation, Kumada cross-coupling, hydrofunctionalization, C-H functionalization, and dehydrogenative Si-O coupling reactions. Additionally, future developments in this field are also provided, which would inspire new insights and applications in catalytic synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Provincial, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Yicong Ge
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Chuan He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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8
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Gan WE, Wu YS, Wu B, Fang CY, Cao J, Xu Z, Xu LW. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Silicon-Stereogenic Benzoxasiloles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317973. [PMID: 38179840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of silicon-stereogenic benzoxasiloles has been realized via intramolecular Si-O coupling of [2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]silanes. Cu(I)/difluorphos is found to be an efficient catalytic system for enantioselective Si-C bond cleavage and Si-O bond formation. In addition, kinetic resolution of racemic substituted [2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]silanes using Cu(I)/ PyrOx (pyridine-oxazoline ligands) as the catalytic system is developed to afford carbon- and silicon-stereogenic benzoxasiloles. Ring-opening reactions of chiral benzoxasiloles with organolithiums and Grignard reagents yield various enantioenriched functionalized tetraorganosilanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Er Gan
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Shun Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yuan Fang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, P. R. China
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9
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Dalton J, Bernal Sánchez A, Kelly AT, Fettinger JC, Franz AK. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Si-Stereogenic Siloxanols. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1005-1012. [PMID: 38269039 PMCID: PMC10804373 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We report the organocatalytic synthesis of Si-stereogenic compounds via desymmetrization of a prochiral silanediol with a chiral imidazole-containing catalyst. This metal-free silylation method affords high yields with enantioselectivity up to 98:2 for various silanediol and silyl chloride substrate combinations (including secondary alkyl, vinyl, and H groups), accessing products with potential for further elaboration. NMR and X-ray studies reveal insight into the H-bonding interactions between the imidazole organocatalyst and the silanediol and the dual activating role of the Lewis basic imidazole to account for the high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob
J. Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Adilene Bernal Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Austin T. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Annaliese K. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
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10
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Huang WS, Xu H, Yang H, Xu LW. Catalytic Synthesis of Silanols by Hydroxylation of Hydrosilanes: From Chemoselectivity to Enantioselectivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302458. [PMID: 37861104 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial class of functional molecules in organosilicon chemistry, silanols are found valuable applications in the fields of modern science and will be a potentially powerful framework for biologically active compounds or functional materials. It has witnessed an increasing demand for non-natural organosilanols, as well as the progress in the synthesis of these structural features. From the classic preparative methods to the catalytic selective oxidation of hydrosilanes, electrochemical hydrolysis of hydrosilanes, and then the construction of the most challenging silicon-stereogenic silanols. This review summarized the progress in the catalyzed synthesis of silanols via hydroxylation of hydrosilanes in the last decade, with a particular emphasis on the latest elegant developments in the desymmetrization strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silanols from dihydrosilanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
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11
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Zhu WK, Zhu HJ, Fang XJ, Ye F, Cao J, Xu Z, Xu LW. Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydrolytic Cleavage of the Silicon-Carbon Bond of Silacyclobutanes to Access Silanols. Org Lett 2023; 25:7186-7191. [PMID: 37754348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first rhodium-catalyzed hydrolytic cleavage of the silicon-carbon bond in silacyclobutanes using water as the reactant. A series of silacyclobutanes could be employed in this reaction in the presence of the Rh/BINAP complex, resulting in the corresponding silanols in good yields. Additionally, a chiral 1,1,4,4-tetraaryl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-l-threitol-derived phosphoramidite ligand could be used in this reaction to yield Si-stereogenic silanol with promising enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ke Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute and Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Hu T, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Kuang Y, Gao L, Wang W, Su Z, Song Z. Enantioconvergent construction of stereogenic silicon via Lewis base-catalyzed dynamic kinetic silyletherification of racemic chlorosilanes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4900. [PMID: 37580365 PMCID: PMC10425371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Organosilanes possessing an enantioenriched stereogenic silicon center are important in many branches of chemistry, yet they remain challenging to synthesize in a practical and scalable way. Here we report a dynamic kinetic silyletherification process of racemic chlorosilanes with (S)-lactates using 4-aminopyridine as a Lewis base catalyst. This enantioconvergent approach asymmetrically constructs the stereogenic silicon center in a different manner from traditional resolution or desymmetrization. A range of silylethers have been prepared with high diastereoselectivity on up to 10 g-scale, allowing the practical synthesis of diverse enantioenriched organosilane analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhong Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, 211198, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Liu MM, Xu Y, He C. Catalytic Asymmetric Dehydrogenative Si-H/N-H Coupling: Synthesis of Silicon-Stereogenic Silazanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11727-11734. [PMID: 37204933 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing progress in the construction of silazanes, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silazanes is significantly less explored and remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we report a highly enantioselective synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silazanes via catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of dihydrosilanes with anilines. The reaction readily produces a wide range of chiral silazanes and bis-silazanes in excellent yields and stereoselectivities (up to 99% ee). Further utility of this process is demonstrated by the construction of polycarbosilazanes featuring configurational main chain silicon-stereogenic chirality. In addition, the straightforward transformation of the enantioenriched silazanes delivers various chiral silane compounds in a stereospecific fashion, illustrating their potential utilities as synthons for the synthesis of novel silicon-containing functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yankun Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chuan He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Liao X, Zhou H, Chen X, Xu J. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Acylative Desymmetrization of Silicon-Centered Bisphenols. Org Lett 2023; 25:3099-3103. [PMID: 37129310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of optically pure organosilicon compounds bearing a stereogenic center at the silicon atom is an attractive but challenging enterprise. Herein we disclose an isothiourea (ITU)-catalyzed monoacylation reaction of silicon-centered bisphenols with 2,2-diphenylacetic pivalic anhydride, delivering tetrasubstituted organosilanes in moderate to excellent yields (36-91%) with moderate to excellent enantiomeric ratios (68:32-97.5:2.5). This organocatalytic desymmetrization approach can be performed on gram scale, and the products can be converted to other valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanlong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xingkuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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