1
|
Brehm PC, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. Facile synthesis of five-membered cyclic RE 2P-H iron(0) complexes. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39049615 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of five-membered P-heterocyclic iron(0) complexes possessing a P-H unit and two heteroatoms (E = O, N), directly bound to phosphorus, is described. Initial problems to achieve access via "classical" reduction of P-Cl bonds of P-heterocycle complexes, e.g., leading to P-P coupling, could be solved by a "combined two-step" reduction/complexation. The use of K[Fe(CO)4H] not only opened access to such heterocyclic phosphane Fe(CO)4 complexes but also allowed the synthesis of sterically non-shielded 'secondary' heterocyclic phosphane complexes. Spectroscopic and structural parameters are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C Brehm
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bawari D, Toami D, Jaiswal K, Dobrovetsky R. Hydrogen splitting at a single phosphorus centre and its use for hydrogenation. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01569-y. [PMID: 38937592 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic processes are largely dominated by transition-metal complexes. Main-group compounds that can mimic the behaviour of the transition-metal complexes are of great interest due to their potential to substitute or complement transition metals in catalysis. While a few main-group molecular centres were shown to activate dihydrogen via the oxidative addition process, catalytic hydrogenation using these species has remained challenging. Here we report the synthesis, isolation and full characterization of the geometrically constrained phosphenium cation with the 2,6-bis(o-carborano)pyridine pincer-type ligand. Notably, this cation can activate the H-H bond by oxidative addition to a single PIII cationic centre, producing a dihydrophosphonium cation. This phosphenium cation is also capable of catalysing hydrogenation reactions of C=C double bonds and fused aromatic systems, making it a main-group compound that can both activate H2 at a single molecular main-group centre and be used for catalytic hydrogenation. This finding shows the potential of main-group compounds, in particular phosphorus-based compounds, to serve as metallomimetic hydrogenation catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Bawari
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Donia Toami
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kuldeep Jaiswal
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
King AJ, Goicoechea JM. Ligand Centered Reactivity of a Transition Metal Bound Geometrically Constrained Phosphine. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400624. [PMID: 38436534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The electronic properties, coordination chemistry and reactivity of metal complexes of a planar (C2v symmetric) acridane-derived geometrically constrained phosphine, P(NNN), are described. On complexation to metal centers, the phosphine was found to adopt a distorted trigonal pyramidal structure with a high barrier to pyramidal inversion (22.3 kcal/mol at 298 K for Au[P(NNN)]Cl). Spectroscopic data and theoretical calculations carried out at the density functional level of theory indicate that P(NNN) is a moderate σ-donor, with significant π-acceptor properties. Despite the distortion undergone by the phosphorus atom on coordination to metal centers, the P(NNN) ligand retains its ability to react with small molecule substrates with polar E-H bonds (MeOH, NH2Ph, NH3). It does so in a concerted fashion across one of the P-N bonds, and reversibly in the case of amine substrates. This cooperative bond activation chemistry may ultimately prove beneficial in catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12, Mansfield Rd., Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coburger P, Buzanich AG, Emmerling F, Abbenseth J. Combining geometric constraint and redox non-innocence within an ambiphilic PBiP pincer ligand. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6036-6043. [PMID: 38665539 PMCID: PMC11040644 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the first pincer ligand featuring a strictly T-shaped group 15 element and its coordination behaviour towards transition metals is described. The platform is itself derived from a trianionic redox non-innocent NNN scaffold. In addition to providing a rigid coordination environment to constrain a Bi centre in a T-shaped geometry to manipulate its frontier molecular orbital constitution, the NNN chelate displays highly covalent bonding towards the geometrically constrained Bi centre. The formation of intriguing ambiphilic Bi-M bonding interactions is demonstrated upon formation of a pincer complex as well as a multimetallic cluster. All compounds are comprehensively characterised by spectroscopic methods including X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy and complemented by DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Ana Guilherme Buzanich
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Josh Abbenseth
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kopp RO, Kleynemeyer SL, Groth LJ, Ernst MJ, Rupf SM, Weber M, Kershaw Cook LJ, Coles NT, Neale SE, Müller C. Highly selective, reversible water activation by P,N-cooperativity in pyridyl-functionalized phosphinines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5496-5506. [PMID: 38638216 PMCID: PMC11023035 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05930h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrapyridyl-functionalized phosphinines were prepared and structurally characterized. The donor-functionalized aromatic phosphorus heterocycles react highly selectively and even reversibly with water. Calculations reveal P,N-cooperativity for this process, with the flanking pyridyl groups serving to kinetically enhance the formal oxidative addition process of H2O to the low-coordinate phosphorus atom via H-bonding. Subsequent tautomerization forms 1,2-dihydrophosphinine derivatives, which can be quantitatively converted back to the phosphinine by applying vacuum, even at room temperature. This process can be repeated numerous times, without any sign of decomposition of the phosphinine. In the presence of CuI·SMe2, dimeric species of the type ([Cu2I2(phosphinine)]2) are formed, in which each phosphorus atom shows the less common μ2-bridging 2e--lone-pair-donation to two Cu(i)-centres. Our results demonstrate that fully unsaturated phosphorus heterocycles, containing reactive P[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds, are interesting candidates for the activation of E-H bonds, while the aromaticity of such compounds plays an appreciable role in the reversibility of the reaction, supported by NICS calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard O Kopp
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sabrina L Kleynemeyer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lucie J Groth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Moritz J Ernst
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Susanne M Rupf
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Laurence J Kershaw Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonfante S, Lorber C, Lynam JM, Simonneau A, Slattery JM. Metallomimetic C-F Activation Catalysis by Simple Phosphines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2005-2014. [PMID: 38207215 PMCID: PMC10811696 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Delivering metallomimetic reactivity from simple p-block compounds is highly desirable in the search to replace expensive, scarce precious metals by cheap and abundant elements in catalysis. This contribution demonstrates that metallomimetic catalysis, involving facile redox cycling between the P(III) and P(V) oxidation states, is possible using only simple, cheap, and readily available trialkylphosphines without the need to enforce unusual geometries at phosphorus or use external oxidizing/reducing agents. Hydrodefluorination and aminodefluorination of a range of fluoroarenes was realized with good to very good yields under mild conditions. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies show that the phosphines undergo oxidative addition of the fluoroaromatic substrate via a Meisenheimer-like transition state to form a fluorophosphorane. This undergoes a pseudotransmetalation step with a silane, via initial fluoride transfer from P to Si, to give experimentally observed phosphonium ions. Hydride transfer from a hydridosilicate counterion then leads to a hydridophosphorane, which undergoes reductive elimination of the product to reform the phosphine catalyst. This behavior is analogous to many classical transition-metal-catalyzed reactions and so is a rare example of both functional and mechanistically metallomimetic behavior in catalysis by a main-group element system. Crucially, the reagents used are cheap, readily available commercially, and easy to handle, making these reactions a realistic prospect in a wide range of academic and industrial settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonfante
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne,
BP44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 F-31077, France
| | - Christian Lorber
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne,
BP44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 F-31077, France
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne,
BP44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 F-31077, France
| | - John M. Slattery
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hannah TJ, Chitnis SS. Ligand-enforced geometric constraints and associated reactivity in p-block compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:764-792. [PMID: 38099873 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00765k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The geometry at an element centre can generally be predicted based on the number of electron pairs around it using valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. Strategies to distort p-block compounds away from these predicted geometries have gained considerable interest due to the unique structural outcomes, spectroscopic properties or reactivity patterns engendered by such distortion. This review presents an up-to-date group-wise summary of this exciting and rapidly growing field with a focus on understanding how the ligand employed unlocks structural features, which in turn influences the associated reactivity. Relevant geometrically constrained compounds from groups 13-16 are discussed, along with selected stoichiometric and catalytic reactions. Several areas for advancement in this field are also discussed. Collectively, this review advances the notion of geometric tuning as an important lever, alongside electronic and steric tuning, in controlling bonding and reactivity at p-block centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Hannah
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beims N, Greven T, Schmidtmann M, van der Vlugt JI. Geometrically Deformed and Conformationally Rigid Phosphorus Trisamides Featuring an Unsymmetrical Backbone. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302463. [PMID: 37873907 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Nonclassical P(III) centers have attracted much attention in recent years. Incorporating a P(III) center in a rigid bicyclic platform offers a particularly attractive way to invoke significant geometric distortion of the phosphorus atom that may in turn induce unusual reactivity. Although still relatively scarcely explored, phosphorus centers enforced in a non-C3 symmetry have gained significant traction lately. However, the current scaffolds are based on a relatively limited set of design principles and ligand platforms associated therewith. This work is focussed on the synthesis as well as versatile oxidation, addition and coordination chemistry of a geometrically distorted P(III) species featuring a synthetically modular, nonsymmetric trisamine platform derived from 2-(methylamino)-N-(2-(methylamino)phenyl)benzenesulfonamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Beims
- Bioinspired Coordination Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, Institute of Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Greven
- Bioinspired Coordination Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, Institute of Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Bioinspired Coordination Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, Institute of Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Bioinspired Coordination Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis Group, Institute of Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
King AJ, Abbenseth J, Goicoechea JM. Reactivity of a Strictly T-Shaped Phosphine Ligated by an Acridane Derived NNN Pincer Ligand. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300818. [PMID: 37042718 PMCID: PMC10947599 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The steric tuning of a tridentate acridane-derived NNN pincer ligand allows for the isolation of a strictly T-shaped phosphine that exhibits ambiphilic reactivity. Well-defined phosphorus-centered reactivity towards nucleophiles and electrophiles is reported, contrasting with prior reports on this class of compounds. Reactions towards oxidants are also described. The latter result in the two-electron oxidation of the phosphorus atom from +III to +V and are accompanied by a strong geometric distortion of the NNN pincer ligand. By contrast, cooperative activation of E-H (HCl, HBcat, HOMe) bonds proceeds with retention of the phosphorus redox state. When using H2 O as a substrate, the reaction results in the full disassembly of H2 O to its constituent atoms, highlighting the potential of this platform for small molecule activation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. King
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Josh Abbenseth
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryIndiana University800 E. Kirkland Ave.Bloomington, In47401USA
| |
Collapse
|