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Ou F, Xie T, Li X, Zhang Z, Ning C, Tuo L, Pan W, Wang C, Duan X, Liang Q, Gao W, Li Z, Zhao S. Liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers with high mechanical properties and ionic conductivity for multifunctional sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2191-2205. [PMID: 38410914 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) are ideal materials for constructing flexible electronic devices by avoiding the limitations of liquid components. However, developing all-solid-state ionic conductors with high mechanical strength, high ionic conductivity, excellent healing, and recyclability remains a great challenge. Herein, a series of liquid-free polyurethane-based ICEs with a double dynamic crosslinked structure are reported. As a result of interactions between multiple dynamic bonds (multi-level hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, and dynamic D-A bonds) and lithium-oxygen bonds, the optimal ICE exhibited a high mechanical strength (1.18 MPa), excellent ionic conductivity (0.14 mS cm-1), desirable healing capacity (healing efficiency >95%), and recyclability. A multi-functional wearable sensor based on the novel ICE enabled real-time and rapid detection of various human activities and enabled recognizing writing signals and encrypted information transmission. A triboelectric nanogenerator based on the novel ICE exhibited an excellent open-circuit voltage of 464 V, a short-circuit current of 16 μA, a transferred charge of 50 nC, and a power density of 720 mW m-2, enabling powering of small-scale electronic products. This study provides a feasible strategy for designing flexible sensor products and healing, self-powered devices, with promising prospects for application in soft ionic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Ou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ting Xie
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xinze Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Chuang Ning
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Liang Tuo
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems Integration, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenyu Pan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xueying Duan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qihua Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zequan Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Shuangliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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Li HN, Zhang C, Yang HC, Liang HQ, Wang Z, Xu ZK. Solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers: rising-star platforms for flexible intelligent devices. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1152-1176. [PMID: 38165799 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Soft ionic conductors have emerged as a powerful toolkit to engineer transparent flexible intelligent devices that go beyond their conventional counterparts. Particularly, due to their superior capacities of eliminating the evaporation, freezing and leakage issues of the liquid phase encountered with hydrogels, organohydrogels and ionogels, the emerging solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers have been largely recognized as ideal candidates for intelligent flexible devices. However, despite their extensive development, a comprehensive and timely review in this emerging field is lacking, particularly from the perspective of design principles, advanced manufacturing, and distinctive applications. Herein, we present (1) the design principles and intriguing merits of solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers; (2) the methods to manufacture solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers with preferential architectures and functions using advanced technologies such as 3D printing; (3) how to leverage solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers in exploiting advanced applications, especially in the fields of flexible wearable sensors, bioelectronics and energy harvesting; (4) what are the unsolved scientific and technical challenges and future opportunities in this multidisciplinary field. We envision that this review will provide a paradigm shift to trigger insightful thinking and innovation in the development of intelligent flexible devices and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Hao-Cheng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Hong-Qing Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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