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Deis T, Maury J, Medici F, Jean M, Forte J, Vanthuyne N, Fensterbank L, Lemière G. Synthesis and Optical Resolution of Configurationally Stable Zwitterionic Pentacoordinate Silicon Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Deis
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Sorbonne Université, CNRS 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Julien Maury
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Sorbonne Université, CNRS 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Fabrizio Medici
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Sorbonne Université, CNRS 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jérémy Forte
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Sorbonne Université, CNRS 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Sorbonne Université, CNRS 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Gilles Lemière
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Sorbonne Université, CNRS 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229 F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
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2
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Deis T, Maury J, Medici F, Jean M, Forte J, Vanthuyne N, Fensterbank L, Lemière G. Synthesis and Optical Resolution of Configurationally Stable Zwitterionic Pentacoordinate Silicon Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113836. [PMID: 34767686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stereogenic silicon centres in functionalised tetracoordinated organosilanes generally exhibit very high configurational stability under neutral conditions. This stability drops completely when higher coordination states of the silicon centre are reached due to rapid substituent exchange. Herein we describe the synthesis of chiral and neutral pentacoordinate silicon derivatives with high configurational stability. The zwitterionic nature of these air- and water-tolerant species allows for the first time their direct and efficient optical resolution using chiral HPLC techniques. By means of this method, pentacoordinate silicon compounds exhibiting high Si-inversion have been obtained as single enantiomers. A rationalisation of the enantiomerisation pathways has been also carried out using DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Deis
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Julien Maury
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Fabrizio Medici
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, F-13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jérémy Forte
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, F-13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Gilles Lemière
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
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3
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Farran D, Vanthuyne N, Bossa G, Belot V, Albalat M, Jean M, Roussel C. Slight structural modulation around a pivotal bond: high impact on enantiomeric stability. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on an atropisomeric scaffold, structural modifications around chiral axis allowed to establish structure-rotational barrier relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Farran
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Giulia Bossa
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Belot
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Muriel Albalat
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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4
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Mei H, Jean M, Albalat M, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C, Moriwaki H, Yin Z, Han J, Soloshonok VA. Effect of substituents on the configurational stability of the stereogenic nitrogen in metal(II) complexes of α-amino acid Schiff bases. Chirality 2019; 31:401-409. [PMID: 30916841 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general method for quantitative measurement of the configurational stability of the stereogenic nitrogen coordinated to M (II) in the corresponding square planar complexes. This stereochemical approach is quite sensitive to steric and electronic effects of the substituents and shown to work well for Ni(II), Pd(II), and Cu(II) complexes. Structural simplicity of the compounds used, coupled with high sensitivity and reliability of experimental procedures, bodes well for application of this approach in evaluation of chemical stability and stereochemical properties of newly designed chiral ligands for general asymmetric synthesis of tailor-made amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Marion Jean
- iSm2, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Zizhen Yin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Sepsey A, Németh DR, Németh G, Felinger A. Rate constant determination of interconverting enantiomers by chiral chromatography using a stochastic model. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1564:155-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Belot V, Farran D, Jean M, Albalat M, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C. Steric Scale of Common Substituents from Rotational Barriers of N-(o-Substituted aryl)thiazoline-2-thione Atropisomers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10188-10200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Belot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Farran
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Muriel Albalat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
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8
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Bouabdallah S, Ben Dhia MT, Driss MR, Touil S. Investigation of the energy barrier to the rotation of amide CN bonds in ACE inhibitors by NMR, dynamic HPLC and DFT. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:416-425. [PMID: 27344631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The isomerizations of Enalapril, Perindopril, Enalaprilat and Lisinopril have been investigated using NMR spectroscopic, dynamic chromatographic, unified equation and DFT theoretical calculations. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) were determined by varying the temperature in the NMR experiments. At the coalescence temperature, we can evaluate the isomerization barrier to the rotation (ΔG(≠)) around the amide bond. Using dynamics chromatography and an unified equation introduced by Trap, we can determine isomerization rate constants and Gibbs activation energies. Molecular mechanics calculations also provided evidence for the presence of low energy conformers for the ACE due to restricted amide rotation. With the value of barriers (ΔE) between them of the order of (20kJmol(-1)), which is in agreement with the dynamic NMR results and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bouabdallah
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - M T Ben Dhia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry: Synthèse et Etude Physico-Chimique, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M R Driss
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - S Touil
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
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9
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Substituent effects on axial chirality in 1-aryl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines: controlling the rate of bond rotation. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Moskowitz M, Xu H, Wolf C. Enantiomerization Kinetics of 2,2′‐Disubstituted Biphenyls: A Dynamic Chiral HPLC Investigation. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Moskowitz
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 (USA)
| | - Hanhui Xu
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 (USA)
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 (USA)
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11
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Umihara H, Yoshino T, Shimokawa J, Kitamura M, Fukuyama T. Development of a Divergent Synthetic Route to the Erythrina Alkaloids: Asymmetric Syntheses of 8-Oxo-erythrinine, Crystamidine, 8-Oxo-erythraline, and Erythraline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotatsu Umihara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomomi Yoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jun Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masato Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
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12
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Umihara H, Yoshino T, Shimokawa J, Kitamura M, Fukuyama T. Development of a Divergent Synthetic Route to the Erythrina Alkaloids: Asymmetric Syntheses of 8-Oxo-erythrinine, Crystamidine, 8-Oxo-erythraline, and Erythraline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6915-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotatsu Umihara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomomi Yoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jun Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masato Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
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13
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Lindamulage De Silva A, Risso V, Jean M, Giorgi M, Monnier V, Naubron JV, Vanthuyne N, Farran D, Roussel C. A forgotten chiral spiro compound revisited: 3,3'-dimethyl-3H,3'H-2,2'-spirobi[[1,3]benzothiazole]. Chirality 2015; 27:716-21. [PMID: 26415851 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The title compound was obtained as a side product during dimerization-oxidation steps of the carbene generated from N-methylbenzothiazolium iodide. Chromatography on (S,S)-Whelk O1 column showed on cooling a typical plateau shape chromatogram indicating an exchange between two enantiomers on the column. The thermal barrier to racemization was determined (85 kJ.mol(-1) at 10 °C) by dynamic high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC).The absolute configuration of the first (M) and second eluted (P) enantiomers on the (S, S)-Whelk O1 column was established by comparing the reconstructed circular dichroism (CD) spectra from the CD detector signal and the calculated CD spectrum of the (P) enantiomer. Mass spectrometry revealed that 3,3'-dimethyl-3H,3'H-2,2'-spirobi[[1,3]benzothiazole] can be viewed as a masked thiophenate attached to a benzothiazolium framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vesna Risso
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Spectropôle, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Farran
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
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14
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Walz S, Weis S, Franz M, Rominger F, Trapp O. Investigation of the enantiomerization barriers of the phthalimidone derivatives EM12 and lenalidomide by dynamic electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:796-804. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Walz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sylvia Weis
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mareike Franz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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15
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Díaz JE, Vanthuyne N, Rispaud H, Roussel C, Vega D, Orelli LR. Atropisomerism in Amidinoquinoxaline N-Oxides: Effect of the Ring Size and Substituents on the Enantiomerization Barriers. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1689-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502626f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimena E. Díaz
- Aix
Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET. Junín 956, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix
Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Rispaud
- Aix
Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix
Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Vega
- Departamento
Física de la Materia Condensada, Gerencia de Investigación
y Aplicaciones, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica y ECyT, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Av.
Gral. Paz 1499, (1650)
San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana R. Orelli
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET. Junín 956, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chiroptical properties and the racemization of pyrene and tetrathiafulvalene-substituted allene: substitution and solvent effects on racemization in tetrathiafulvalenylallene. Molecules 2014; 19:2829-41. [PMID: 24599123 PMCID: PMC6271782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19032829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissymmetric 1,3-diphenylallene derivative 3 connected with 4,5-bis(methyl-thio)tetrathiafulvalenyl and 1-pyrenyl substituents was prepared and characterized. The molecular structure was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Optical resolution was accomplished using a recycling chiral HPLC, and its chiroptical properties were examined with optical rotation and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The title compound underwent photoracemization under daylight. This behavior was investigated in various solvents and compared with that of 1,3-bis(tetrathiafulvalenyl)allene (bis-TTF-allene) derivative 2. The first-order rate plot of the intensity of the ECD spectra at a given time interval gave the rate of racemization. Mild racemization was observed in polar solvents, whereas a relatively fast rate was obtained in less polar solvents. In addition, the TTF groups of the allene also accelerate the racemization rate. These results suggest that the racemization mechanism occurs via a non-polar diradical structure.
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Vanthuyne N, Roussel C. Chiroptical Detectors for the Study of Unusual Phenomena in Chiral Chromatography. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 340:107-51. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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18
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Kamuf M, Trapp O. Stereodynamics of small 1,2-dialkyldiaziridines. Chirality 2013; 25:224-9. [PMID: 23401088 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diaziridines are very interesting representatives of organic compounds containing stereogenic nitrogen atoms. In particular, 1,2-dialkyldiaziridines show extraordinarily high stereointegrity. The lone electron pairs of the nitrogen atoms are in trans configuration, avoiding a four-electron repulsive interaction. Furthermore, the trans configuration of the substituents at the nitrogen atoms is energetically favored because of reduced steric interactions. Therefore only two stereoisomers (enantiomers) are observed. At elevated temperatures the enantiomers are interconverting because of the limited stereointegrity of the chirotopic nitrogen atoms. The enantiomerization rate constants and the activation parameters of interconversion are of great interest. Here, we investigated the stereodynamics of a set of small 1,2-dialkyldiaziridines bearing short substituents (Me, Et, iPr, tBu), using enantioselective dynamic gas chromatography (DGC). Separation of enantiomers of all compounds, including the highly volatile 1,2-dimethyldiaziridine, was achieved using heptakis(2,3-di-O-ethyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-β-cyclodextrin in 50% PS086 (w/w) as chiral stationary phase in fused silica capillaries with a length of up to 50 m. Measurements at variable temperatures were performed and reaction rate constants were determined using the unified equation of chromatography implemented in the software DCXplorer. The activation barriers at room temperature for 1-(tert-butyl)-2-ethyldiaziridine, ΔG(╪)(298K) = 123.8 kJ mol(-1) (ΔH(╪) = 115.5±2.9 kJ mol(-1), ΔS(╪) = -28±1 J mol(-1) K(-1)), and 1-ethyl-2-isopropyldiaziridine, ΔG(╪)(298K) = 124.2 kJ mol(-1) (ΔH(╪) = 113.1±2.4 kJ mol(-1), ΔS(╪) = -37±2 J mol(-1) K(-1)), were determined, representing some of the highest values observed for nitrogen inversion in diaziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kamuf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Campolo D, Gastaldi S, Roussel C, Bertrand MP, Nechab M. Axial-to-central chirality transfer in cyclization processes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8434-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Alkorta I, Elguero J, Roussel C, Vanthuyne N, Piras P. Atropisomerism and Axial Chirality in Heteroaromatic Compounds. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396530-1.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Chiral HPLC studies on chemical behavior of 6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine in alcoholic solvent system. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:479-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Kamuf M, Trapp O. Stereodynamics of tetramezine. Chirality 2010; 23:113-7. [PMID: 20845424 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant drug tetramezine [1,2-bis-(3,3-dimethyldiaziridin-1-yl)ethane] consists of two bridged diaziridine moieties with four stereogenic nitrogen centers, which are stereolabile and, therefore, are prone to interconversion. The adjacent substituents at the nitrogen atoms of the diaziridines moieties exist only in an antiperiplanar conformation, which results in a coupled interconversion. Therefore, three stereoisomers exist (meso form and two enantiomeric forms), which epimerize when the diaziridine moieties are regarded as stereogenic units due to the coupled interconversion. Here, we have investigated the epimerization between the meso and enantiomeric forms by dynamic gas chromatography. Temperature-dependent measurements were performed, and reaction rate constants were determined using the unified equation of chromatography implemented in the software DCXplorer. The activation barriers of the epimerization were found to be ΔG(≠) = 100.7 kJ mol(-1) at 25°C and ΔG(≠) = 104.5 kJ mol(-1) at 37°C, respectively. The activation enthalpy and entropy were determined to be ΔH(≠) = 70.3 ± 0.4 kJ mol(-1) and ΔS(≠) = -102 ± 2 J mol(-1) K(-1) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kamuf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Trapp O, Sahraoui L, Hofstadt W, Könen W. The stereodynamics of 1,2-dipropyldiaziridines. Chirality 2010; 22:284-91. [PMID: 19496154 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
N-alkylated trans-diaziridines are an intriguing class of compounds with two stereogenic nitrogen atoms which easily interconvert. In the course of our investigations of the nature of the interconversion process via nitrogen inversion or electrocyclic ring opening ring closure, we synthesized and characterized the three constitutionally isomeric diaziridines 1,2-di-n-propyldiaziridine 1, 1-isopropyl-2-n-propyldiaziridine 2, and 1,2-diisopropyldiaziridine 3 to study the influence of the substituents on the interconversion barriers. Enantiomer separation was achieved by enantioselective gas chromatography on the chiral stationary phase Chirasil-beta-Dex with high separation factors alpha (1-isopropyl-2-n-propyldiaziridine: 1.18; 1, 2-diisopropyldiaziridine: 1.24; 100 degrees C 50 kPa He) for the isopropyl substituted diaziridines. These compounds showed pronounced plateau formation between 100 and 150 degrees C, and peak coalescence at elevated temperatures. The enantiomerization barriers DeltaG(double dagger) and activation parameters DeltaH(double dagger) and DeltaS(double dagger) were determined by enantioselective dynamic gas chromatography (DGC) and direct evaluation of the elution profiles using the unified equation implemented in the software DCXplorer. Interestingly, 1-isopropyl-2-n-propyldiaziridine and 1,2-diisopropyldiaziridine exhibit similar high interconversion barriers DeltaG(double dagger) (100 degrees C) of 128.3 +/- 0.4 kJ mol(-1) and 129.8 +/- 0.4 kJ mol(-1), respectively, which indicates that two sterically demanding substituents do not substantially increase the barrier as expected for a distinct nitrogen inversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trapp
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Piron F, Vanthuyne N, Joulin B, Naubron JV, Cismaş C, Terec A, Varga RA, Roussel C, Roncali J, Grosu I. Synthesis, structural analysis, and chiral investigations of some atropisomers with EE-tetrahalogeno-1,3-butadiene core. J Org Chem 2010; 74:9062-70. [PMID: 19886632 DOI: 10.1021/jo901762j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The atropenantiomers of stable 1,2,3,4-tetrahalo-1,3-butadiene derivatives (where halogeno stands for bromine or iodine) were separated with use of chiral HPLC. The barriers for the enantiomerization process were determined on-line by dynamic HPLC (DHPLC) or off-line by classical kinetic measurements. In the case of the tetrachloro compound, the barrier was too low for DHPLC and its value was obtained by dynamic NMR experiments. The obtained barriers for chloro, bromo, and iodo derivatives correlate with the van der Waals radii of the halogens. The absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers of the tetraiodo and tetrabromo compounds was assigned by comparison of the experimental and conformations averaged calculated VCD spectra. The identification of a signature band of the absolute configuration of the butadiene core, the sign and location of which are independent from the different conformations and substituents, allowing the safe assignment of the absolute configuration of the enantiomers of chiral 1,3-butadienes, is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Piron
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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26
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Trapp O. Investigation of the stereodynamics of molecules and catalyzed reactions by CE. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:786-813. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chromatographic peak deconvolution of constitutional isomers by multiple-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1010-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Pasti L, Cavazzini A, Nassi M, Dondi F. Dynamic chromatography: A stochastic approach. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1000-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Thede G, Below E, Thede R. DETERMINATION OF ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS BY THE INVERSE METHOD WITH A FIRST ORDER REVERSIBLE REACTION OCCURRING IN BOTH PHASES OF A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMN. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903574485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elke Below
- b Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Greifswald ,
| | - Richard Thede
- a Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald ,
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Wu E, Jung SH, Chen J, Kim YH, Park KL, Lee W, Kang JS. Racemization of 6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine in methanol investigated by enantioselective dynamic HPLC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:103-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Accessing reaction rate constants in on-column reaction chromatography: an extended unified equation for reaction educts and products with different response factors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1673-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Clayden J, Senior J, Helliwell M. Atropisomerism at CS Bonds: Asymmetric Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfones by Dynamic Resolution Under Thermodynamic Control. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6270-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Clayden J, Senior J, Helliwell M. Atropisomerism at CS Bonds: Asymmetric Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfones by Dynamic Resolution Under Thermodynamic Control. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Schurig V. Elaborate treatment of retention in chemoselective chromatography--the retention increment approach and non-linear effects. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1723-36. [PMID: 19070865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The retention increment approach is described which quantifies the association equilibria of a selectand and a selector in complexation and inclusion chromatography. A thermodynamic treatment of enantioselectivity based on retention phenomena in chromatography including entropy/enthalpy compensation and the isoenantioselective temperature is advanced. Kinetic parameters of enantiomerization are discussed. Non-linear effects, both existent and elusive, are described and proposed, respectively. The enantioselectivity pertaining to catalysis vs. chromatography is compared and a unified nomenclature is proposed. Through an educational effort, this account is aimed at providing a deeper insight into chemoselective aspects of chromatography thereby stimulating further research of both established and speculative phenomena of the most intriguing manifestation of chemoselectivity, that is, of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schurig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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35
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DUBSKY P, SVOBODOVA J, TESAROVA E, GAS B. Model of CE enantioseparation systems with a mixture of chiral selectors☆Part II. Determination of thermodynamic parameters of the interconversion in chiral and achiral environments separately. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 875:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Ciogli A, Dalla Cort A, Gasparrini F, Lunazzi L, Mandolini L, Mazzanti A, Pasquini C, Pierini M, Schiaffino L, Mihan FY. Enantiomerization of Chiral Uranyl−Salophen Complexes via Unprecedented Ligand Hemilability: Toward Configurationally Stable Derivatives. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6108-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800610f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
| | - Antonella Dalla Cort
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
| | - Lodovico Lunazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
| | - Chiara Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
| | - Marco Pierini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
| | - Luca Schiaffino
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
| | - Francesco Yafteh Mihan
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC-CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Università La Sapienza, Box 34 Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna
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Saito H, Mori T, Origane Y, Wada T, Inoue Y. Chiroptical properties and racemization behavior of highly distorted donor-acceptor tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane with interconvertible planar chirality. Chirality 2008; 20:278-81. [PMID: 17568437 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Absolute configuration of optically active 7,12-bis(dicyanomethylene)-7,12-dihydrobenz[a]anthracene (1) with interconvertible planar chirality was determined by a comparison of experimental and theoretical circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Upon standing at ambient temperatures, 1 was found to spontaneously racemize, the rates of which were assessed through the separation profiles of chiral HPLC at 5-20 degrees C and also from the CD spectral decay profiles at the same temperatures. Mechanism of the racemization was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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38
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Roussel C, Vanthuyne N, Bouchekara M, Djafri A, Elguero J, Alkorta I. Atropisomerism in the 2-Arylimino-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thiazoline Series: Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on the Racemization Process. J Org Chem 2007; 73:403-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701756u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roussel
- Chirotechnologies, Catalyse et biocatalyse, Université Paul Cézanne, UMR 6180, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France, Département de Chimie, Centre Universitaire de Mascara, Algeria, Département de Chimie, Université d'Oran-es-Senia, Algeria, and Instituto de Quimica Medica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Chirotechnologies, Catalyse et biocatalyse, Université Paul Cézanne, UMR 6180, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France, Département de Chimie, Centre Universitaire de Mascara, Algeria, Département de Chimie, Université d'Oran-es-Senia, Algeria, and Instituto de Quimica Medica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed Bouchekara
- Chirotechnologies, Catalyse et biocatalyse, Université Paul Cézanne, UMR 6180, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France, Département de Chimie, Centre Universitaire de Mascara, Algeria, Département de Chimie, Université d'Oran-es-Senia, Algeria, and Instituto de Quimica Medica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ayada Djafri
- Chirotechnologies, Catalyse et biocatalyse, Université Paul Cézanne, UMR 6180, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France, Département de Chimie, Centre Universitaire de Mascara, Algeria, Département de Chimie, Université d'Oran-es-Senia, Algeria, and Instituto de Quimica Medica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Chirotechnologies, Catalyse et biocatalyse, Université Paul Cézanne, UMR 6180, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France, Département de Chimie, Centre Universitaire de Mascara, Algeria, Département de Chimie, Université d'Oran-es-Senia, Algeria, and Instituto de Quimica Medica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Chirotechnologies, Catalyse et biocatalyse, Université Paul Cézanne, UMR 6180, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France, Département de Chimie, Centre Universitaire de Mascara, Algeria, Département de Chimie, Université d'Oran-es-Senia, Algeria, and Instituto de Quimica Medica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Wolf C, Xu H. Analysis of the stereodynamics of 2,2′-disubstituted biphenyls by dynamic chromatography. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Mydlová J, Krupcík J, Májek P, Skacáni I, Jakubík T, Sandra P, Armstrong DW. Gas chromatographic determination of the interconversion energy barrier for dialkyl 2,3-pentadienedioate enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1150:124-30. [PMID: 17379233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of dialkyl 2,3-pentadienedioate undergo interconversion during gas chromatographic separation on chiral stationary phases. In this paper the on-column apparent interconversion kinetic and thermodynamic activation data were determined for dimethyl, diethyl, propylbutyl and dibutyl 2,3-pentadienedioate enantiomers by gas chromatographic separation of the racemic mixtures on a capillary column containing a polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase coupled to 2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-tertbutyldimethylsilyl-beta-cyclodextrin. A deconvolution method was used to determine the individual enantiomer peak areas and retention times that are needed to calculate the interconversion rate constants and the energy barriers. The apparent rate constants and interconversion energy barriers decrease slightly with an increase in the alkyl chain length of the dialkyl 2,3-pentadienedioate esters. The optimum conformation of the dialkyl 2,3-pentadienedioate molecules, their separation selectivity factors and apparent interconversion enthalpy and entropy data changes with the alkyl chain length. The dependence of the apparent interconversion energy barrier (deltaG(app)(a-->b), deltaG(app)(b-->a)) on temperature was used to determine the apparent activation enthalpy (deltaH(app)(a-->b), deltaH(app)(b-->a)) and apparent entropy (deltaS(app)(a-->b), deltaS(app)(a-->b)) (where a denotes the first and b second eluted enantiomer). The comparison of the activation enthalpy and entropy (deltaS(app)(a-->b), deltaS(app)(a-->b)) indicated that the interconversion of dialkyl 2,3-pentadienedioate enantiomers on the HP-5+Chiraldex B-DM column series is an entropy driven process at 160 degrees C. Data obtained for dimethyl 2,3-pentadienedioate enantiomers on the HP-5+Chiraldex B-DM column series at 120 degrees C (deltaG(app)(a-->b) = 123.3 and deltaG(app)(b-->a) = 124.4 kJ mol(-1)) corresponds (at the 95% confidence interval) with the value of deltaG(#) = 128+/-1 kJ mol(-1) found at this temperature by gas chromatography using a two-dimensional stop flow technique on an empty capillary column [V. Schurig, F. Keller, S. Reich, M. Fluck, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 8 (1997) 3475].
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mydlová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava 81237, Slovakia
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41
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André C, Berthelot A, Thomassin M, Guillaume YC. Enantioselective aptameric molecular recognition material: Design of a novel chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation of a series of chiral herbicides by capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3254-62. [PMID: 16865666 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A chiral stationary phase derived from an L-RNA aptamer is evaluated for the enantiomer separation of a series of herbicide molecules (aryloxypropionic, aryloxyphenoxypropionic, and aminopropionic acid) by CEC after binding to biotin and grafting upon streptavidin-modified porous glass beads. We demonstrated that the aptamer capillary was stable in term of efficiency and retention during a long period. The influences of the mobile phase constitution and its flow-velocity on the enantioseparation were also investigated. The results suggest that the interactions of the enantiomer during CEC are solely based on chromatographic mechanisms and that the electrophoresis plays only a minor role. The separation efficiency and peak shape could be improved by Mg2+ divalent cation that stabilized the aptamer secondary structure and thus enhanced the mass transfer kinetics during the ligand-aptamer binding process. In addition, it was demonstrated that the determination of the enantiomerization barrier of flamprop was possible using this chiral stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire André
- Equipe des Sciences Séparatives et Biopharmaceutiques (2SB)-EA 3924, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie, Besançon, France
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42
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Asztemborska M, Zukowski J. Determination of diastereomerization barrier of some flavanones by high-performance liquid chromatography methods. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1134:95-100. [PMID: 16970960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rate constants and activation energy barriers DeltaG# of diastereomerization reaction of flavanones: naringin, narirutin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were determined. The stopped-flow HPLC (SFM-HPLC), dynamic HPLC (D-HPLC) and enantioselective HPLC combined with the classical kinetic method were applied for determination of these parameters. It was found that the rate constants of diastereomerization were about eight times higher for naringin and narirutin (1.9 x 10(-5) s(-1)) than for hesperidin and neohesperidin (2.4 x 10(-6) s(-1)). No significant differences in the rate of diastereomerization were found between neohesperidosides and corresponding rutinosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Asztemborska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Skelley AM, Mathies RA. Rapid on-column analysis of glucosamine and its mutarotation by microchip capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1132:304-9. [PMID: 16919655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrophoretic microchip method for analyzing alpha- and beta-d-glucosamine and their interconversion in solution is presented. d-Glucosamine is labeled with fluorescamine and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis in under 2 min revealing its pH-dependent mutarotation between the alpha- and beta-anomers. The forward interconversion rates for the labeled sugars, based on an iterative analysis of the plateau heights between the peaks, are 0.72+/-0.09, 1.3+/-0.1, and 2.2+/-0.3 x 10(-3)s(-1) at pH 8.99, 9.51 and 10.01, respectively. In a separate experiment, the mutarotation of the unlabeled alpha-d-anomer was followed; the relative intensities of the alpha- and beta-peaks as a function of reaction time at pH 9.51 give a forward rate constant of 0.6+/-0.1 x 10(-3)s(-1). These results demonstrate that fast microchip separations, previously exploited for amine, amino acid, and nucleobase analysis, can also be used to analyze amino sugars and their mutarotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Skelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, MS 1460, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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44
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Trapp O. The unified equation for the evaluation of degenerated first-order reactions in dynamic electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2999-3006. [PMID: 16800031 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An analytical solution for the unified equation for degenerated (pseudo-) first-order reactions, e.g., enantiomerization processes, in dynamic CE is presented, and validated with a dataset of 31 250 elution profiles covering typical experimental parameters. The unified equation was applied to determine the enantiomerization barrier of the hypnotic glutarimide derivative thalidomide (Contergan(R)) by dynamic capillary electrokinetic chromatography (DEKC). The enantiomer separation of thalidomide was performed in an aqueous 50 mM sodium borate buffer at pH 9.3 in the presence of the chiral mobile phase additive carboxymethyl-beta-CD. Interconversion profiles featuring pronounced plateau formation were observed. Activation parameters DeltaH( not equal) and DeltaS( not equal) were obtained from temperature-dependent measurements between 20.0 and 37.5 degrees C in 2.5K steps. From the activation parameters the enantiomerization barrier of thalidomide at 37 degrees C under basic conditions were calculated to be DeltaG( not equal) = 93.2 kJ/mol. Comparison of the kinetic data with results obtained at pH 8.0 reveals the catalytic influence of the base on the enantiomerization barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trapp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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Mydlová J, Krupcík J, Májek P, Skacáni I, Jakubík T, Armstrong DW. Gas chromatographic determination of the interconversion energy barrier for dimethyl-2,3-pentadienedioate enantiomers. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1497-507. [PMID: 16894795 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of dimethyl-2,3-pentadienedioate undergo interconversion during gas chromatographic separation on 2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-pentyl-beta-, 2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-pentyl-gamma-, and 2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-tert butyldimethylsilyl-beta-CD chiral stationary phases. The combination of a deconvolution method with an internal standard was used to determine individual enantiomer peak areas and retention times needed for the calculation of the interconversion rate constants and the energy barrier for dimethyl-2,3-pentadienedioate enantiomers. The kinetic and thermodynamic data obtained for the interconversion data (rate constants, energy barriers, enthalpies, and entropies) were in good agreement with the published data (Trapp, O., Schurig, V., Chirality 2002, 14, 465-470) using permethylated-beta-CD (Chirasil-beta-Dex).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Mydlová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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46
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Trapp O. The unified equation for the evaluation of first order reactions in dynamic electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:534-41. [PMID: 16380957 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The unified equation was validated for first order reactions in dynamic CE with a data set of 31 250 elution profiles. Comparison with the results from conventional iterative computer simulation revealed that the unified equation is superior in terms of success rate and precision. The unified equation was applied to determine the cis-trans isomerization rate constants of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. The separation of the rotational cis-trans isomeric drug has been performed in an aqueous 66 mM citric acid/Tris buffer at pH 3.0 in a 50 cm polyacrylamide-coated fused-silica capillary. Interconversion profiles featuring pronounced plateau formation and peak broadening were observed. Activation parameters DeltaH not equal and DeltaS not equal were obtained from temperature-dependent measurements between 10 and 25 degrees C in 2.5 K steps. From the activation parameters the isomerization barriers of captopril at 37 degrees C under acidic conditions were calculated to be DeltaG not equal trans-->cis=90.6 kJ/mol and DeltaG not equal cis-->trans=84.6 kJ/mol. By comparison of the kinetic data with the results obtained under basic conditions (pH 9.3) a mechanism of isomerization could be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trapp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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47
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Trapp O. Fast and precise access to enantiomerization rate constants in dynamic chromatography. Chirality 2006; 18:489-97. [PMID: 16642493 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An analytical solution of the unified equation to evaluate elution profiles of interconverting enantiomers in dynamic chromatography is presented. Rate constants k1 and k(-1) and Gibbs activation energies are directly obtained from the chromatographic parameters (retention times tR A and tR A of the interconverting enantiomers, the peak widths at half height wA and wB, and the relative plateau height hp), and the initial amounts A0 and B0 of the enantiomers without any iterative and time consuming computational step. Therefore, this equation is no longer limited to racemic analytes. The analytical solution presented here was validated by comparison with a dataset of 125,000 simulated elution profiles of enantiomerizations. Furthermore, it was found that the recovery rate from a defined dataset is on average 40% higher using the unified equation compared to evaluation methods based on iterative computer simulation. The new equation was applied to determine the enantiomerization rate constant of 1-n-butyl-2-tert-butyldiaziridine by enantioselective gas chromatography. The activation parameters (DeltaH(double dagger) = 112.6 +/- 2.5 kJ/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = -27 +/- 2 J/(K mol) were obtained from temperature-dependent measurements between 100 degrees C and 140 degrees C in 10K steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Trapp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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48
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Wolf C. Stereolabile chiral compounds: analysis by dynamic chromatography and stopped-flow methods. Chem Soc Rev 2005; 34:595-608. [PMID: 15965541 DOI: 10.1039/b502508g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomerization and diastereomerization reactions of chiral compounds play a major role in all aspects of chemistry spanning a wide bridge from drug development to supramolecular chemistry. Traditionally, these reactions are studied by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy and chiroptical methods such as polarimetry. However, powerful complimentary methods based on chromatography and electrophoresis have been developed and applied to a variety of stereolabile chiral compounds. This tutorial review explains the principles, applications, and limitations of dynamic chromatography and chromatographic and electrophoretic stopped-flow analysis for the investigation of isomerization reactions of chiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057, USA.
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Trapp O. Evaluation and Prediction of Stereoisomerizations in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 44:1671-9. [PMID: 15446825 DOI: 10.1021/ci049899k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conformational and configurational changes such as isomerizations, epimerizations, diastereomerizations and, enantiomerizations are important for the investigation of a large variety of processes ranging from protein folding to the stereostability of drugs. Under optimized conditions, these processes lead to an elution profile characterized by a plateau formation between the two interconverting species in chromatographic separations in a certain temperature range. By temperature-dependent measurements and subsequent computer simulation of the experimental chromatograms, the forward and backward rate constants k1 and k(-1), the Gibb's energy DeltaG++, activation enthalpy DeltaH++, and entropy DeltaS++ can be obtained. Due to its high efficiency two-dimensional chromatography is able to resolve the time-dependent distribution of the two species in the second dimension, thereby yielding the precise ratio of stereoisomers. An algorithm for the simulation and evaluation of two-dimensional chromatographic experiments has been developed, based on the theoretical plate model, which allows the determination of rate constants and barriers of isomerization, epimerization, and enantiomerization processes from two-dimensional chromatographic experiments. In the present article a detailed description of the extended theoretical plate model required for the simulation, the methods available, and examples for the evaluation of complex experimental data and the prediction of the separation conditions to observe isomerization, epimerizations, and enantiomerizations in two-dimensional chromatography are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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Skelley AM, Mathies RA. Chiral separation of fluorescamine-labeled amino acids using microfabricated capillary electrophoresis devices for extraterrestrial exploration. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1021:191-9. [PMID: 14735988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separations of fluorescamine-labeled amino acids are characterized and optimized on a microfabricated capillary electrophoresis (CE) device. A standard mixture of acidic and neutral amino acids is labeled with fluorescamine in less than 5 min and the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) concentration, temperature, and pH are optimized (15 mM HPbetaCD, 6 degrees C, pH < 9) to achieve high-quality and low background chiral separations in less than 200 s. All four stereoisomers formed in the labeling reaction of the chiral dye with the chiral amino acids are typically resolved. At pH > 9, isomerization of the dye chiral center is observed that occurs on the time scale of the chip separation. Typical limits of detection are approximately 50 nM. These results demonstrate the feasibility of combining fluorescamine labeling of amino acids with microfabricated CE devices to develop low-volume, high-sensitivity apparatus and methods for extraterrestrial exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Skelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 307 Lewis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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