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Taylor R, Armstrong L, Bhattacharya A, Henry Z, Brinker A, Buckley B, Kong B, Guo G. Myclobutanil-mediated alteration of liver-gut FXR signaling in mice. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:387-399. [PMID: 36511616 PMCID: PMC9936201 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exposure to Myclobutanil, a triazole fungicide, on the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are unclear, but activation of nuclear receptors (NRs) is a known mechanism of azole-induced liver toxicity. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a NR and is highly expressed in the liver and intestine. Activation of FXR tightly regulates bile acid (BA), lipid and glucose homeostasis, and inflammation partly through the induction of fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15; human ortholog FGF19). FXR activation is downregulated during NAFLD and agonists are currently being explored as potential therapeutic strategy. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of Myclobutanil exposure on FXR activation and NAFLD development. Reporter assay showed Myclobutanil treatment, following FXR activation with potent FXR agonist (GW4064), resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of FXR activity. Furthermore, a 10-day study in male mice demonstrated that cotreatment with Myclobutanil led to an 80% reduction of GW4064-induced ileal expression of Fgf15. In a diet-induced NAFLD study, low-fat diet (LFD) fed mice administered myclobutanil displayed decreased FXR activity in the liver and ileum, while high-fat-high-sugar-diet (HFHSD) fed mice showed an increase in hepatic FXR activity and an induction of target genes regulated by constitutive androstane receptor and/or pregnane X receptor. Our work demonstrates Myclobutanil inhibits FXR activity and modulates FXR activity differentially in mice fed LFD or HFHSD. Our studies suggest the importance of understanding how Myclobutanil could contribute to BA dysregulation in disease states such as NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulaiha Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Laura Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Anisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zakiyah Henry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Anita Brinker
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Grace Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.,VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, NJ 07017, USA
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2
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Bielská L, Hale SE, Škulcová L. A review on the stereospecific fate and effects of chiral conazole fungicides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141600. [PMID: 33182213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of chiral pesticides are triggered by the need for more complex molecules capable of effectively combating a greater spectrum of pests and crop diseases, while sustaining high production yields. Currently, chiral pesticides comprise about 30% of all pesticides in use; however, some pesticide groups such as conazole fungicides (CFs) consist almost exclusively of chiral compounds. CFs are produced and field-applied as racemic (1:1) mixtures of two enantiomers (one chiral center in the molecule) or four diastereoisomers, i.e., two pairs of enantiomers (two chiral centers in the molecule). Research on the stereoselective environmental behavior and effects of chiral pesticides such as CFs has become increasingly important within the fields of environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology. This is motivated by the fact that currently, the fate and effects of chiral pesticides such as CFs that arise due to their stereoselectivity are not fully understood and integrated into risk assessment and regulatory decisions. In order to fill this gap, a summary of the state-of-the-art literature related to the stereospecific fate and effects of CFs is needed. This will also benefit the agrochemistry industry as they enhance their understanding of the environmental implications of CFs which will aid future research and development of chiral products. This review provides a collection of >80 stereoselective studies for CFs related to chiral analytical methods, fungicidal activity, non-target toxicity, and behavior of this broadly used pesticide class in the soil environment. In addition, the review sheds more light on mechanisms behind stereoselectivity, considers possible agricultural and environmental implications, and suggests future directions for the safe use of chiral CFs and the reduction of their environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bielská
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucia Škulcová
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
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3
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Nie J, Yaro P, He K, Zeng S. Development of a novel LC–MS/MS method for quantitation of triticonazole enantiomers in rat plasma and tissues and application to study on toxicokinetics and tissue distribution. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 172:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Myclobutanil enantioselective risk assessment in humans through in vitro CYP450 reactions: Metabolism and inhibition studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:202-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Hao W, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Guo B, Chang J, Li J, Xu P, Wang H. Myclobutanil accumulation, transcriptional alteration, and tissue injury in lizards (Eremias argus) treated with myclobutanil enantiomers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:247-255. [PMID: 30612012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective toxicokinetics, accumulation, and toxicity of myclobutanil were investigated by oral exposure of myclobutanil enantiomers to lizards. After a single oral administration, the absorption half-lives ( [Formula: see text] ) and elimination half-lives (t1/2k) were in the range of 0.133-14.828 and 3.641-17.682 h, respectively. The absorption and elimination half-lives of (+)-myclobutanil showed no significant differences from those of (-)-myclobutanil in lizard blood, whereas preferential enrichment of (-)-enantiomer was observed in the liver, fat, skin, intestine, lung and kidney. In the bioaccumulation experiments, the residue of (-)-myclobutanil was detected in most tissues at 7, 14, and 28 days, while (+)-myclobutanil was found only in lizard skin, at a concentration lower than that of (-)-myclobutanil. Thus, (-)-myclobutanil was preferentially accumulated in lizards. The transcriptional responses of metabolic enzyme genes indicated that cytochrome P450 1a1 (cyp1a1), cyp2d3, cyp2d6, cyp3a4 and cyp3a7 played a crucial role in the metabolism of (+)-myclobutanil, whereas cyp1a1, cyp2d3, cyp2d6, cyp2c8, and cyp3a4 contributed to the metabolism of (-)-myclobutanil. The difference in metabolism pathways may be a reason for the enantioselectivity of myclobutanil in lizard. Myclobutanil also affected the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, and the (+)-myclobutanil treatment might produce higher oxidative stress in lizard liver when compared with its antipode. Hepatic histopathological changes such as hepatocellular hypertrophy, nuclear pyknosis, vacuolation, and non-zonal macrovesicular lipid accumulation were observed in the liver of lizards for both (+)-myclobutanil and (-)-myclobutanil treatments. Thus, myclobutanil could affect lizard liver upon multiple exposure. The findings of this study provide specific insights into the enantioselective metabolism and toxicity of chiral triazole fungicides in lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China.
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6
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Hao W, Hu X, Zhu F, Chang J, Li J, Li W, Wang H, Guo B, Li J, Xu P, Zhang Y. Enantioselective Distribution, Degradation, and Metabolite Formation of Myclobutanil and Transcriptional Responses of Metabolic-Related Genes in Rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8830-8837. [PMID: 29957933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Myclobutanil (MT), a chiral fungicide, can be metabolized enantioselectively in organisms. In this work, the associated absorption, distribution, metabolism and transcriptional responses of MT in rats were determined following a single-dose (10 mg·kg-1 body weight) exposure to rac-, (+)- or (-)-MT. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) were less than 0.5 with time in the liver, kidney, heart, lung, and testis, suggesting preferential enrichment of (-)-MT in these tissues. Furthermore, there was conversion of (+)-form to (-)-form in the liver and kidney after 6 h exposure to enantiopure (+)-MT. Enrichment and degradation of the two enantiomers differed between rac-MT and MT-enantiomers groups, suggesting that MT bioaccumulation is enantiomer-specific. Interestingly, the degradation half-life of MT in the liver with rac-MT treatment was shorter than that with both MT-enantiomer treatments. One reason may be that the gene expression levels of cytochrome P450 1a2 ( cyp1a2) and cyp3a2 genes in livers treated with rac-MT were the highest among the three exposure groups. In addition, a positive correlation between the expression of cyp2e1 and cyp3a2 genes and rac-MT concentration was found in livers exposed to rac-MT. Simultaneously, five chiral metabolites were detected, and the enantiomers of three metabolites, RH-9090, RH-9089, and M2, were separated. The detected enantiomers of (+)-MT metabolites were in complete contrast with those of (-)-MT metabolites. According to the results, a metabolic pathway of MT in male rats was proposed, which included the following five metabolites: RH-9089, RH-9090, RH-9090 Sulfate, M1, and M2. The possible metabolic enzymes were marked in the pathway. The findings of this study provide more specific insights into the enantioselective metabolic mechanism of chiral triazole fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan RD 19 a , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan RD 19 a , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Feilong Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan RD 19 a , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan RD 19 a , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jitong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shuangqing RD 18 , Beijing 100085 , China
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7
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Metabolism studies of chiral pesticides: A critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:89-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Chen L, Li R, Diao J, Tian Z, Di S, Zhang W, Cheng C, Zhou Z. Tissue distribution and toxicity effects of myclobutanil enantiomers in lizards (Eremias argus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:623-629. [PMID: 28806564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, serious environmental pollution has caused a decrease in the abundance of many species worldwide. Reptiles are the most diverse group of terrestrial vertebrates. There are large amounts of toxicological data available regarding myclobutanil, but the adverse effects of myclobutanil on lizards has not been widely reported. In this study, treatment groups were orally administered a single-dose of myclobutanil (20mg/kg body weight (bw)). Subsequently, it was found that there were differences in myclobutanil levels between the different tissues and concentrations also changed with degradation time. The tissue concentrations of myclobutanil decreased in the order of: stomach > liver > lung > blood > testis > kidney > heart > brain. Based on our results, the liver and testis were considered to be the main target organs in lizards, indicating that the myclobutanil could induce potential hepatic and reproductive toxicity on lizards. Meanwhile, it was also demonstrated that the toxic effects of myclobutanil was different in different species, and the distribution of different pesticides in lizards were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongnan Tian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Song Q, Zhang Y, Yan L, Wang J, Lu C, Zhang Q, Zhao M. Risk assessment of the endocrine-disrupting effects of nine chiral pesticides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 338:57-65. [PMID: 28531659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased release of chiral pesticides into the environment has generated interest in the role of enantioselectivity in the environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of these compounds. However, the information on the endocrine disrupting effects (EDEs) of chiral pesticides is still limited and discrepancies are also usually observed among different assays. In this study, we investigated the enantioselectivity of EDEs via estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors for nine chiral pesticides using in vitro and in silico approaches. The results of the luciferase reporter gene assays showed 7 chiral pesticides possessed enantioselective estrogenic activities and 2 chiral pesticides exerted thyroid hormone antagonistic effects. Proliferation assays in MCF-7 and GH3 cells were also used to verify the results of the dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. At last, the molecular docking results indicated that the enantioselective EDEs of chiral pesticides were partially due to enantiospecific binding affinities with receptors. Our data not only show enantioselective EDEs of nine chiral pesticides, but also would be helpful to better understanding the molecular biological mechanisms of enantioselectivity in EDEs of chiral pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Song
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Chensheng Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center West, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center West, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center West, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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10
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Applicability of the Rayleigh equation for enantioselective metabolism of chiral xenobiotics by microsomes, hepatocytes and in-vivo retention in rabbit tissues. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23715. [PMID: 27021918 PMCID: PMC4810358 DOI: 10.1038/srep23715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we propose a new approach for analyzing the enantioselective biodegradation of some antidepressant drugs mediated by human and rat liver microsomes by using the Rayleigh equation to describe the enantiomeric enrichment−conversion dependencies. Analysis of reported degradation data of additional six pesticides, an alpha blocker and a flame retardant by microsomes or hepatocytes in vitro reaffirmed the universality of the approach. In all the in vitro studied cases that involved enantioselective degradation, a Rayleigh dependence of the enantiomeric enrichment was observed. Published data regarding in vivo retention of myclobutanil in liver, kidney, muscle and brain tissues of rabbits following injection of the racemate were remodeled showing prevalence of the Rayleigh law for the chiral enrichment of the fungicide in the various tissues. This approach will revolutionize data organization in metabolic pathway research of target xenobiotics by either liver microsomes, hepatocytes or their organ-specific in vivo retention. The fact that the enantiomeric enrichment as a function of the conversion can be described by a single quantifier, will pave the road for the use of structure activity predictors of the enantiomeric enrichment and for mechanistic discrimination based on parametric dependence of the quantifier.
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Wang Y, Qiu J, Zhu W, Wang X, Zhang P, Wang D, Zhou Z. Enantioselective Metabolism and Interference on Tryptophan Metabolism of Myclobutanil in Rat Hepatocytes. Chirality 2015; 27:643-9. [PMID: 26115377 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Myclobutanil, (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) hexanenitrile is a widely used triazole fungicide. In this study, enantioselective metabolism and cytotoxicity were investigated in rat hepatocytes by chiral HPLC-MS/MS and the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, respectively. Furthermore, tryptophan metabolism disturbance in rat hepatocytes after myclobutanil exposure was also evaluated by target metabolomics method. The half-life (t1/2) of (+)-myclobutanil was 10.66 h, whereas that for (-)-myclobutanil was 15.07 h. Such results indicated that the metabolic process of myclobutanil in rat hepatocytes was enantioselective with an enrichment of (-)-myclobutanil. For the cytotoxicity research, the calculated EC50 (12 h) values for rac-myclobutanil, (+)- and (-)-myclobutanil were 123.65, 150.65 and 152.60 µM, respectively. The results of tryptophan metabolites profiling showed that the levels of kynurenine (KYN) and XA were both up-regulated compared to the control, suggesting the activation effect of the KYN pathway by myclobutanil and its enantiomers which may provide an important insight into its toxicity mechanism. The data presented here could be useful for the environmental hazard assessment of myclobutanil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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12
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Wu S, Yu M, Zhang H, Han J, Qian M. Enantioselective Degradation of (2RS
, 3RS
)-Paclobutrazol in Rat Liver Microsomes. Chirality 2015; 27:344-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Wu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Medical College; Hangzhou China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals; Zhejiang Department of Agriculture; Hangzhou China
| | - Hu. Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard on Agricultural Products; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard on Agricultural Products; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou China
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13
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Sun M, Liu D, Qiu X, Zhou Q, Shen Z, Wang P, Zhou Z. Acute Toxicity, Bioactivity, and Enantioselective Behavior with Tissue Distribution in Rabbits of Myclobutanil Enantiomers. Chirality 2014; 26:784-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xinxu Qiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing P.R. China
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