1
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Direct observation of long-range chirality transfer in a self-assembled supramolecular monolayer at interface in situ. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7737. [PMID: 36517528 PMCID: PMC9750980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the interest in the origin of life and the need to synthesize new functional materials, the study of the origin of chirality has been given significant attention. The mechanism of chirality transfer at molecular and supramolecular levels remains underexplored. Herein, we study the mechanism of chirality transfer of N, N'-bis (octadecyl)-L-/D-(anthracene-9-carboxamide)-glutamic diamide (L-/D-GAn) supramolecular chiral self-assembled at the air/water interface by chiral sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (chiral SFG) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We observe long-range chirality transfer in the systems. The chirality of Cα-H is transferred first to amide groups and then transferred to the anthracene unit, through intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking to produce an antiparallel β-sheet-like structure, and finally it is transferred to the end of hydrophobic alkyl chains at the interface. These results are relevant for understanding the chirality origin in supramolecular systems and the rational design of supramolecular chiral materials.
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2
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Lin L, Li Y, Qin X, Yu C, Liu M, Zhang Z, Guo Y. In situ nonlinear optical spectroscopic study of the structural chirality in DPPC Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:094704. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0069860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- Institute of Chemistry CAS, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- Institute of Chemistry CAS, China
| | | | | | - Minghua Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry CAS, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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3
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Lee T, Oh J, Nah S, Choi DS, Rhee H, Cho M. Time-Variable Chiroptical Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Chiral Chemical Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10218-10224. [PMID: 34647735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy, a surface-specific technique, was shown to be useful even for characterizing the vibrational optical activity of chiral molecules in isotropic bulk liquids. However, accurately determining the spectroscopic parameters is still challenging because of the spectral congestion of chiroptical VSFG peaks with different amplitudes and phases. Here, we show that a time-variable infrared-visible chiroptical three-wave-mixing technique can be used to determine the spectroscopic parameters of second-order vibrational response signals from chiral chemical liquids. For varying the delay time between infrared and temporally asymmetric visible laser pulses, we measure the chiral VSFG, achiral VSFG, and their interference spectra of bulk R-(+)-limonene liquid and perform a global fitting analysis for those time-variable spectra to determine their spectroscopic parameters accurately. We anticipate that this time-variable VSFG approach will be useful for developing nearly background-free chiroptical characterization techniques with enhanced spectral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegon Lee
- Seoul center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juntaek Oh
- Seoul center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Nah
- Seoul center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Choi
- Technology Human Resource Support for SMEs Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, Uniotech, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanju Rhee
- Seoul center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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4
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von Domaros M, Liu Y, Butman JL, Perlt E, Geiger FM, Tobias DJ. Molecular Orientation at the Squalene/Air Interface from Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy and Atomistic Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3932-3941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael von Domaros
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yangdongling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jana L. Butman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eva Perlt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Douglas J. Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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5
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Gogoi A, Konwer S, Zhuo GY. Polarimetric Measurements of Surface Chirality Based on Linear and Nonlinear Light Scattering. Front Chem 2021; 8:611833. [PMID: 33644001 PMCID: PMC7902787 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.611833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A molecule, molecular aggregate, or protein that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image presents chirality. Most living systems are organized by chiral building blocks, such as amino acids, peptides, and carbohydrates, and any change in their molecular structure (i.e., handedness or helicity) alters the biochemical and pharmacological functions of the molecules, many of which take place at surfaces. Therefore, studying surface chirogenesis at the nanoscale is fundamentally important and derives various applications. For example, since proteins contain highly ordered secondary structures, the intrinsic chirality can be served as a signature to measure the dynamics of protein adsorption and protein conformational changes at biological surfaces. Furthermore, a better understanding of chiral recognition and separation at bio-nanointerfaces is helpful to standardize chiral drugs and monitor the synthesis of adsorbents with high precision. Thus, exploring the changes in surface chirality with polarized excitations would provide structural and biochemical information of the adsorbed molecules, which has led to the development of label-free and noninvasive measurement tools based on linear and nonlinear optical effects. In this review, the principles and selected applications of linear and nonlinear optical methods for quantifying surface chirality are introduced and compared, aiming to conceptualize new ideas to address critical issues in surface biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Gogoi
- Department of Physics, Jagannath Barooah College, Jorhat, India
| | - Surajit Konwer
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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6
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Hu XH, Fu L, Hou J, Zhang YN, Zhang Z, Wang HF. N-H Chirality in Folded Peptide LK 7β Is Governed by the C α-H Chirality. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1282-1290. [PMID: 31977221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent chiral sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) measurements revealed that two N-H stretching modes in the 3100-3500 cm-1 range in folded peptide LK7β exhibit chiral characteristics. Here, we report the first phase-resolved subwavenumber high-resolution broadband SFG-VS (HR-BB-SFG-VS) measurement of the folded peptide LK7β. The results show that this chiral N-H band consists of four, instead of two, distinctive peaks, and they are with two groups of opposite spectral phases. Moreover, the phases of these N-H peaks completely flip from the l-LK7β to the d-LK7β peptide, suggesting that the chirality of the N-H in the folded peptide LK7β is completely governed by the chirality of the Cα-H of the amino acids. This discovery provides a clue on why proteins in nature are composed of the α-amino acids rather than β- or γ-amino acids and may help us understand how life works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , 220 Handan Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Li Fu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Jian Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yue-Ning Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , 220 Handan Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
- School of Science , Westlake University , 18 Shilongshan Road , Hangzhou 310024 , China
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7
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Hosseinpour S, Roeters SJ, Bonn M, Peukert W, Woutersen S, Weidner T. Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Peptides and Proteins from Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3420-3465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Hosseinpour
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 EP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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8
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Wang Y, Du J, Ma X, Wang H, Chou KC, Li Q. Chirality discrimination at the carvone air/liquid interfaces detected by heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation. Heliyon 2019; 5:e03061. [PMID: 31890974 PMCID: PMC6928311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chiral signal of the carvone air/liquid interface is probed by heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation (HD-SFG) without the electronic resonance. The chiral SFG spectra exhibit two distinguishable spectral signatures. Four chiral vibrational peaks of the R- and S-carvone molecules are with opposite signs, which can directly determine the surface molecular chirality. Two achiral vibrational peaks are also observed with the same sign. The different spectral signatures can provide a detailed chirality characterization at the molecular interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbin Du
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyun Ma
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijie Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keng C. Chou
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Qifeng Li
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Perets EA, Videla PE, Yan ECY, Batista VS. Chiral Inversion of Amino Acids in Antiparallel β-Sheets at Interfaces Probed by Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5769-5781. [PMID: 31194546 PMCID: PMC9059514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A parallel study of protein variants with all (l-), all (d-), or mixed (l-)/(d-) amino acids can be used to assess how backbone architecture versus side chain identity determines protein structure. Here, we investigate the secondary structure and side chain orientation dynamics of the antiparallel β-sheet peptide LK7β (Ac-Leu-Lys-Leu-Lys-Leu-Lys-Leu-NH2) composed of all (l-), all (d-), or alternating (l-Leu)/(d-Lys) amino acids. Using interface-selective vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (VSFG), we observe that the alternating (l-)/(d-) peptide lacks a resonant C-H stretching mode compared to the (l-) and (d-) variants and does not form antiparallel β-sheets. We rationalize our observations on the basis of density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of LK7β at the air-water interface. Irrespective of the handedness of the amino acids, leucine side chains prefer to orient toward the hydrophobic air phase while lysine side chains prefer the hydrophilic water phase. These preferences dictate the backbone configuration of LK7β and thereby the folding of the peptide. Our MD simulations show that the preferred side chain orientations can force the backbone of a single strand of (l-) LK7β at the air-water interface to adopt β-sheet Ramachandran angles. However, denaturation of the β-sheets at pH = 2 results in a negligible chiral VSFG amide I response. The combined computational and experimental results lend critical support to the theory that a chiral VSFG response requires macroscopic chirality, such as in β-sheets. Our results can guide expectations about the VSFG optical responses of proteins and should improve understanding of how amino acid chirality modulates the structure and function of natural and de novo proteins at biological interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan A. Perets
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Pablo E. Videla
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 810 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Elsa C. Y. Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 810 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516
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10
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Tuladhar A, Chase ZA, Baer MD, Legg BA, Tao J, Zhang S, Winkelman AD, Wang Z, Mundy CJ, De Yoreo JJ, Wang HF. Direct Observation of the Orientational Anisotropy of Buried Hydroxyl Groups inside Muscovite Mica. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2135-2142. [PMID: 30615440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Muscovite mica (001) is a widely used model surface for controlling molecular assembly and a common substrate for environmental adsorption processes. The mica (001) surface displays near-trigonal symmetry, but many molecular adsorbates-including water-exhibit unequal probabilities of alignment along its three nominally equivalent lattice directions. Buried hydroxyl groups within the muscovite structure are speculated to be responsible, but direct evidence is lacking. Here, we utilize vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (vSFG) to characterize the orientation and hydrogen-bonding environment of near-surface hydroxyls inside mica. Multiple distinct peaks are detected in the O-H stretch region, which we attribute to Si/Al substitution in the SiO4 tetrahedron and K+ ion adsorption above the hydroxyls based on density functional theory simulations. Our findings demonstrate that vSFG can identify the absolute orientation of -OH groups and, hence, the surface termination at a mica surface, providing a means to investigate how -OH groups influence molecular adsorption and better understand mica stacking-sequences and physical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Tuladhar
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Zizwe A Chase
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99364 , United States
| | - Marcel D Baer
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Benjamin A Legg
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Austin D Winkelman
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99364 , United States
| | - Zheming Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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11
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Lee T, Rhee H, Cho M. Femtosecond Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Chiral Molecules in Isotropic Liquid. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6723-6730. [PMID: 30403871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vibrationally resonant optically active (VOA) sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a second-order nonlinear process sensitive to the stereospecific vibrational structure of chiral molecules. We demonstrate that a femtosecond VOA SFG signal can be measured in the isotropic bulk of a chiral liquid. The chiral, achiral, and VOA SFG spectra of R- and S-limonene and their racemic mixture in the C-H stretching frequency region are characterized. In particular, it is shown that the observed circular intensity difference (CID) signal, which can provide distinguishable stereochemical vibrational information between enantiomers, arises from interference of the electric-dipole allowed antisymmetric Raman tensor-induced and Raman optical activity (ROA) tensor-induced SFG fields. Furthermore, we show that the CID and linear polarization intensity difference (LID) SFG spectra are connected to the real and imaginary parts of the effective chiral VOA SFG susceptibility, respectively. We anticipate that the present technique will be of use in transient chiroptical spectroscopy and stereochemical vibrational imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegon Lee
- Seoul Center , Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hanju Rhee
- Seoul Center , Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
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12
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Liu W, Fu L, Wang Z, Sohrabpour Z, Li X, Liu Y, Wang HF, Yan ECY. Two dimensional crowding effects on protein folding at interfaces observed by chiral vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22421-22426. [PMID: 30159555 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The crowding effect is prevalent in cellular environments due to high concentrations of biomacromolecules. It can alter the structures and dynamics of proteins and thus impact protein functions. The crowding effect is important not only in 3-dimensional cytoplasm but also for a 2-dimensional (2D) cell surface due to the presence of membrane proteins and glycosylation of membrane proteins and phospholipids. These proteins and phospholipids - with limited translational degrees of freedom along the surface normal - are confined in 2D space. Although the crowding effect at interfaces has been studied by adding crowding agents to bulk solution, the 2D crowding effect remains largely unexplored. This is mostly due to challenges in controlling 2D crowding and synergistic use of physical methods for in situ protein characterization. To address these challenges, we applied chiral vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to probe the sp1 zinc finger (ZnF), a 31-amino acid protein, folding into a β-hairpin/α-helix (ββα) motif upon binding to Zn2+. We anchored ZnF at the air/water interface via covalent linkage of ZnF to palmitic acid and controlled 2D crowding by introducing neutral lipid as a spacer. We obtained chiral amide I SFG spectra upon addition of Zn2+ and/or spacer lipid. The chiral SFG spectra show that interfacial crowding in the absence of spacer lipid hinders ZnF from folding into the ββα structure even in the presence of Zn2+. The results establish a paradigm for future quantitative, systematic studies of interfacial crowding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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13
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Sanders SE, Vanselous H, Petersen PB. Water at surfaces with tunable surface chemistries. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:113001. [PMID: 29393860 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaacb5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous interfaces are ubiquitous in natural environments, spanning atmospheric, geological, oceanographic, and biological systems, as well as in technical applications, such as fuel cells and membrane filtration. Where liquid water terminates at a surface, an interfacial region is formed, which exhibits distinct properties from the bulk aqueous phase. The unique properties of water are governed by the hydrogen-bonded network. The chemical and physical properties of the surface dictate the boundary conditions of the bulk hydrogen-bonded network and thus the interfacial properties of the water and any molecules in that region. Understanding the properties of interfacial water requires systematically characterizing the structure and dynamics of interfacial water as a function of the surface chemistry. In this review, we focus on the use of experimental surface-specific spectroscopic methods to understand the properties of interfacial water as a function of surface chemistry. Investigations of the air-water interface, as well as efforts in tuning the properties of the air-water interface by adding solutes or surfactants, are briefly discussed. Buried aqueous interfaces can be accessed with careful selection of spectroscopic technique and sample configuration, further expanding the range of chemical environments that can be probed, including solid inorganic materials, polymers, and water immiscible liquids. Solid substrates can be finely tuned by functionalization with self-assembled monolayers, polymers, or biomolecules. These variables provide a platform for systematically tuning the chemical nature of the interface and examining the resulting water structure. Finally, time-resolved methods to probe the dynamics of interfacial water are briefly summarized before discussing the current status and future directions in studying the structure and dynamics of interfacial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
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14
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Zheng RH, Wei WM, Xu M, Shi Q. Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of limonene chiral liquids due to the nonadiabatic effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7053-7058. [PMID: 29473923 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using quantum computations we study sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of limonene chiral liquids due to the nonadiabatic effect in the non-resonant case for the first time. The nonadiabatic effect has an important impact on non-resonant antisymmetric polarizability and chiral sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy. The theoretical spectroscopy agrees with the experimental spectroscopy. However, the nonadiabatic effect only has a small influence on non-resonant Raman. Bulk sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy may become a powerful method of investigating the nonadiabatic effect and the nonradiative transition between excited electronic states for chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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15
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Lin L, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Liu M. Fabrication of Supramolecular Chirality from Achiral Molecules at the Liquid/Liquid Interface Studied by Second Harmonic Generation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:139-146. [PMID: 29244509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the investigation into the supramolecular chirality of 5-octadecyloxy-2-(2-pyridylazo)phenol (PARC18) at water/1,2-dichloroethane interface by second harmonic generation (SHG). We observe that PARC18 molecules form supramolecular chirality through self-assembly at the liquid/liquid interface although they are achiral molecules. The bulk concentration of PARC18 in the organic phase has profound effects on the supramolecular chirality. By increasing bulk concentration, the enantiomeric excess at the interface first grows and then decreases until it eventually vanishes. Further analysis reveals that the enantiomeric excess is determined by the twist angle of PARC18 molecules at the interface rather than their orientational angle. At lower and higher bulk concentrations, the average twist angle of PARC18 molecules approaches zero, and the assemblies are achiral; whereas at medium bulk concentrations, the average twist angle is nonzero, so that the assemblies show supramolecular chirality. We also estimate the coverage of PARC18 molecules at the interface versus the bulk concentration and fit it to Langmuir adsorption model. The result indicates that PARC18 assemblies show strongest supramolecular chirality in a half-full monolayer. These findings highlight the opportunities for precise control of supramolecular chirality at liquid/liquid interfaces by manipulating the bulk concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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16
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Wang Y, Ma X, Wang H, Chen D, Chou KC, Li Q. High-resolution broadband sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy using intrapulse interference. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20752-20755. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02519c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our reported II-SFG method can obtain high-resolution SFG vibrational spectra with a single femtosecond laser system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiangyun Ma
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Huijie Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Keng C. Chou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Qifeng Li
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
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17
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McDermott ML, Vanselous H, Corcelli SA, Petersen PB. DNA's Chiral Spine of Hydration. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:708-714. [PMID: 28776012 PMCID: PMC5532714 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The iconic helical structure of DNA is stabilized by the solvation environment, where a change in the hydration state can lead to dramatic changes to the DNA structure. X-ray diffraction experiments at cryogenic temperatures have shown crystallographic water molecules in the minor groove of DNA, which has led to the notion of a spine of hydration of DNA. Here, chiral nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy of two DNA sequences shows that not only do such structural water molecules exist in solution at ambient conditions but that they form a chiral superstructure: a chiral spine of hydration. This is the first observation of a chiral water superstructure templated by a biomolecule. While the biological relevance of a chiral spine of hydration is unknown, the method provides a direct way to interrogate the properties of the hydration environment of DNA and water in biological settings without the use of labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Luke McDermott
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Heather Vanselous
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Steven A. Corcelli
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Poul B. Petersen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, United States
- E-mail:
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18
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Fu L, Chen SL, Gan W, Wang HF. Cross-Propagation Sum-Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1512248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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19
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Reinscheid F, Reinscheid U. Stereochemical analysis of (+)-limonene using theoretical and experimental NMR and chiroptical data. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Lee CM, Kafle K, Huang S, Kim SH. Multimodal Broadband Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation (MM-BB-V-SFG) Spectrometer and Microscope. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:102-16. [PMID: 26718642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A broadband sum frequency generation (BB-SFG) spectrometer with multimodal (MM) capabilities was constructed, which could be routinely reconfigured for tabletop experiments in reflection, transmission, and total internal reflection (TIR) geometries, as well as microscopic imaging. The system was constructed using a Ti:sapphire amplifier (800 nm, pulse width = 85 fs, repetition rate = 2 kHz), an optical parameter amplification (OPA) system for production of broadband IR pulses tunable between 1000 and 4000 cm(-1), and two Fabry-Pérot etalons arranged in series for production of narrowband 800 nm pulses. The key feature allowing the MM operation was the nearly collinear alignment of the visible (fixed, 800 nm) and infrared (tunable, 1000-4000 cm(-1)) pulses which were spatially separated. Physical insights discussed in this paper include the comparison of spectral bandwidth produced with 40 and 85 fs pump beams, the improvement of spectral resolution using etalons, the SFG probe volume in bulk analysis, the normalization of SFG signals, the stitching of multiple spectral segments, and the operation in different modes for air/liquid and adsorbate/solid interfaces, bulk samples, as well as spectral imaging combined with principle component analysis (PCA). The SFG spectral features obtained with the MM-BB-SFG system were compared with those obtained with picosecond-scanning-SFG system and high-resolution BB-SFG system (HR-BB-SFG) for dimethyl sulfoxide, α-pinene, and various samples containing cellulose (purified commercial products, Cladophora cell wall, cotton and flax fibers, and onion epidermis cell wall).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kabindra Kafle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shixin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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21
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Chase HM, Rudshteyn B, Psciuk BT, Upshur MA, Strick BF, Thomson RJ, Batista VS, Geiger FM. Assessment of DFT for Computing Sum Frequency Generation Spectra of an Epoxydiol and a Deuterated Isotopologue at Fused Silica/Vapor Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:1919-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary M. Chase
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Benjamin Rudshteyn
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brian T. Psciuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mary Alice Upshur
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Strick
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Regan J. Thomson
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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22
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Fu L, Wang Z, Batista VS, Yan ECY. New Insights from Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy into the Interactions of Islet Amyloid Polypeptides with Lipid Membranes. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2016:7293063. [PMID: 26697504 PMCID: PMC4677203 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7293063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of amyloid polypeptides on membrane surfaces have gained increasing attention in recent years. Several studies have revealed that membranes can catalyze protein aggregation and that the early products of amyloid aggregation can disrupt membrane integrity, increasing water permeability and inducing ion cytotoxicity. Nonetheless, probing aggregation of amyloid proteins on membrane surfaces is challenging. Surface-specific methods are required to discriminate contributions of aggregates at the membrane interface from those in the bulk phase and to characterize protein secondary structures in situ and in real time without the use of perturbing spectroscopic labels. Here, we review the most recent applications of sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy applied in conjunction with computational modeling techniques, a joint experimental and computational methodology that has provided valuable insights into the aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) on membrane surfaces. These applications show that SFG can provide detailed information about structures, kinetics, and orientation of IAPP during interfacial aggregation, relevant to the molecular mechanisms of type II diabetes. These recent advances demonstrate the promise of SFG as a new approach for studying amyloid diseases at the molecular level and for the rational drug design targeting early aggregation products on membrane surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Zhuguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elsa C. Y. Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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23
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Fu L, Chen SL, Wang HF. Validation of Spectra and Phase in Sub-1 cm(-1) Resolution Sum-Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy through Internal Heterodyne Phase-Resolved Measurement. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:1579-89. [PMID: 26509581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reliable determination of the spectral features and their phases in sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) for surfaces with closely overlapping peaks has been a standing issue. Here we present two approaches toward resolving such issue. The first utilizes the high-resolution and accurate line shape from the recently developed subwavenumber high-resolution broadband SFG-VS (HR-BB-SFG-VS), from which the detail spectral parameters, including relative spectral phases, of overlapping peaks can be determined through reliable spectral fitting. These results are further validated by using the second method that utilizes the azimuthal angle phase dependence of the z-cut α-quartz crystal, a common phase standard, through the spectral interference between the SFG fields of the quartz surface, as the internal phase reference, and the adsorbed molecular layer. Even though this approach is limited to molecular layers that can be transferred or deposited onto the quartz surface, it is simple and straightforward, as it requires only an internal phase standard with a single measurement that is free of phase drifts. More importantly, it provides unambiguous SFG spectral phase information on such surfaces. Using this method, the absolute phase of the molecular susceptibility tensors of the CH3, CH2, and chiral C-H groups in different Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) molecular monolayers and drop-cast peptide films are determined. These two approaches are fully consistent with and complement to each other, making both easily applicable tools in SFG-VS studies. More importantly, because the HR-BB-SFG-VS technique can be easily applied to various surfaces and interfaces, such validation of the spectral and phase information from HR-BB-SFG-VS measurement demonstrates it as one of the most promising tools for interrogating the detailed structure and interactions of complex molecular interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Shun-Li Chen
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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24
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McDermott ML, Petersen PB. Robust Self-Referencing Method for Chiral Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12417-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Luke McDermott
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Poul B. Petersen
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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25
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Wang HF, Velarde L, Gan W, Fu L. Quantitative Sum-Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecular Surfaces and Interfaces: Lineshape, Polarization, and Orientation. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:189-216. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Wang
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Luis Velarde
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | - Wei Gan
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Li Fu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
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26
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Yan ECY, Wang Z, Fu L. Proteins at Interfaces Probed by Chiral Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:2769-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa C. Y. Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Zhuguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
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27
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Wei F, Xiong W, Li W, Lu W, Allen HC, Zheng W. Assembly and relaxation behaviours of phosphatidylethanolamine monolayers investigated by polarization and frequency resolved SFG-VS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25114-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03977k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polarization and frequency resolved SFG-VS to distinguish the head/tail groups of lipids, to resolve the assembly and relaxation kinetics of monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Institution for Interdisciplinary Research
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Institution for Interdisciplinary Research
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Institution for Interdisciplinary Research
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Wangting Lu
- Institution for Interdisciplinary Research
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Heather C. Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Wanquan Zheng
- Institution for Interdisciplinary Research
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan
- China
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay
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28
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Okuno M, Ishibashi TA. Chirality Discriminated by Heterodyne-Detected Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2874-2878. [PMID: 26278092 DOI: 10.1021/jz501158r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We first demonstrated chiral vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) in the heterodyne detection, which enables us to uniquely determine chiral second-order nonlinear susceptibility consisting of phase and amplitude and distinguish molecular chirality with high sensitivity. Liquid limonene was measured to evaluate the heterodyne-detected chiral VSFG developed in this study. R-(+)- and S-(-)-limonene showed clearly opposite signs in the complex spectra of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility in the CH stretching region. This is the first report of the chiral distinction by VSFG without any a priori knowledge about chiral and achiral spectral response. Furthermore, from the phase of the chiral VSFG field measured in the heterodyne detection, the origin of the chiral signal was ascribed to the bulk limonene. The heterodyne detection also improves detection limits significantly, allowing us to observe weak chiral signals in reflection. The heterodyne-detected chiral VSFG can provide information on absolute molecular configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Okuno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
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