Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity and Metabolism of 4-chlor-3-methylphenoxyethylamine Derivatives ofTrans-2-aminocyclohexan-1-ol

Asymmetric Amination of meso-Epoxide with Vegetable Powder as a Low-Toxicity Catalyst

This paper describes the scope and limitation of substrates subjected to asymmetric amination with epoxides catalyzed by a soluble soybean polysaccharide (Soyafibe S-DN), which we recently discovered from the reaction of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane with cyclopropylamine. Various meso-epoxides reacted with various amines afforded the corresponding products with good enantiomeric selectivity. Since it was found that pectin was found to have a catalytic ability after screening commercially available polysaccharides, we studied 33 different vegetable powders having pectic substances, and we found that many vegetable powders showed catalytic ability. These results should guide in using vegetable components as low-toxic catalysts for the production of pharmaceuticals.

Microbial biotransformation of some novel hydantoin derivatives: Perspectives for bioremediation of potential sunscreen agents

Having identified novel hydantoin derivatives (compounds 1-5) demonstrating promising photoprotective capacity against UV radiation, and understainding the problem of the biotic and abiotic degradation of UV filters, the aim of the study was to evaluate their metabolic fate with the environmental fungus Cunninghamella echinulata. In parallel, compound 1 in vitro microsomal metabolic pattern was evaluated. Finally, in silico toxicity of test compounds and their biotransformation products was estimated, and parent compounds photostability was assessed. The study demonstrated the capacity for C. echinulata to metabolize 1-5, which were biotransformed to a greater extent than the standard UV filter. O-dealkylation of the side chains attached to the phenyl or hydantoin rings, and hydroxylation of the phenyl ring occurred during microbial transformation. O-dealkylation product was a unique metabolite observed in microsomal biotransformation of 1, being its intrinsic clearance in the medium category range. In silico study demonstrated that compounds 1-5 have low toxicity risk. Among the resulting metabolites, four can increase the risk of reproductive effects as shown by OSIRIS prediction. Noteworthy, all indicated metabolites belong to minor metabolites, except for compound 3 major metabolite. Moreover, the results of the photostability study showed that 1-5 were considered to be photostable. To sum up, the obtained in vitro biotransformation, photostability, and in silico toxicity results encourage further studies on hydantoin derivatives as potential UV photoprotective agents. The presented biotransformation profile of compounds 1-5 by C. echinulata suggests that these compounds may follow a similar biodegradation fate when released into the environment.

Similar Safety Profile of the Enantiomeric N-Aminoalkyl Derivatives of Trans-2-Aminocyclohexan-1-ol Demonstrating Anticonvulsant Activity

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorder in the world. Many antiepileptic drugs cause multiple adverse effects. Moreover, multidrug resistance is a serious problem in epilepsy treatment. In the present study we evaluated the safety profile of three (1–3) new chiral N-aminoalkyl derivatives of trans-2-aminocyclohexan-1-ol demonstrating anticonvulsant activity. Our aim was also to determine differences between the enantiomeric compounds with respect to their safety profile. The results of the study indicated that compounds 1–3 are non-cytotoxic for astrocytes, although they exhibit cytotoxic activity against human glioblastoma cells. Moreover, 1–3 did not affect the viability of HepG2 cells and did not produce adducts with glutathione. Compounds 1–3 demonstrated no mutagenic activity either in the Salmonella typhimurium or in Vibrio harveyi tests. Additionally, the compounds displayed a strong or moderate antimutagenic effect. Finally, the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) ATPase assay demonstrated that both enantiomers are potent P-gp inhibitors. To sum up, our results indicate that the newly synthesized derivatives may be considered promising candidates for further research on anticonvulsant drug discovery and development. Our study indicated the similar safety profile of the enantiomeric N-aminoalkyl derivatives of trans-2-aminocyclohexan-1-ol, although in the previous studies both enantiomers differ in their biotransformation pathways and pharmacological activity.

Synthesis and preliminary anti-inflammatory evaluation of xanthone derivatives

Xanthone derivatives of acetic, propionic and 2-methylpropionic acids were synthesized and assayed for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic activities. Compound 8 causes a dose-dependent diminution of paw edema (up to 61%) in the carrageenan model and at the highest tested dose reduces mechanical hyperalgesia in the Randall-Selitto test more effectively than the reference compound (~75% and ~32%, respectively). It shows high in vitro metabolic stability (Clint=12.5 μL/mg/min, t1/2=138.6 min) in the rat liver microsomes. None of the studied xanthone derivatives are ulcerogenic. The results of the present study suggest that compound 8 can be of interest in the future for the search for antinociceptive and antiedematous agents devoid of ulcerogenic effect.

Biotransformation of 4-fluoro-N-(1-{2-[(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide, a novel potent 5-HT7 receptor antagonist with antidepressant-like and anxiolytic properties: In vitro and in silico approach

The aim of the study was to investigate the metabolism of 4-fluoro-N-(1-{2-[(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (PZ-1150), a novel 5-HT₇ receptor antagonist with antidepressant-like and anxiolytic properties, by the following three ways: in vitro with microsomes; in vitro employing Cunninghamella echinulata, and in silico using MetaSite. Biotransformation of PZ-1150 with microsomes resulted in five metabolites, while transformation with C. echinulata afforded two metabolites. In both models, the predominant metabolite occurred due to hydroxylation of benzene ring. In silico data coincide with in vitro experiments, as three MetaSite metabolites matched compounds identified in microsomal samples. In human liver microsomes PZ-1150 exhibited in vitro half-life of 64 min, with microsomal intrinsic clearance of 54.1 μL/min/mg and intrinsic clearance of 48.7 mL/min/kg. Therefore, PZ-1150 is predicted to be a high-clearance agent. The study demonstrated the applicability of using microsomal model coupled with microbial model to elucidate the metabolic pathways of compounds and comparison with in silico metabolite predictions.