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Wang H, Abe I. Recent developments in the enzymatic modifications of steroid scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3559-3583. [PMID: 38639195 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00327f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Steroids are an important family of bioactive compounds. Steroid drugs are renowned for their multifaceted pharmacological activities and are the second-largest category in the global pharmaceutical market. Recent developments in biocatalysis and biosynthesis have led to the increased use of enzymes to enhance the selectivity, efficiency, and sustainability for diverse modifications of steroids. This review discusses the advancements achieved over the past five years in the enzymatic modifications of steroid scaffolds, focusing on enzymatic hydroxylation, reduction, dehydrogenation, cascade reactions, and other modifications for future research on the synthesis of novel steroid compounds and related drugs, and new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Siódmiak J, Dulęba J, Kocot N, Mastalerz R, Haraldsson GG, Marszałł MP, Siódmiak T. A New Approach in Lipase-Octyl-Agarose Biocatalysis of 2-Arylpropionic Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5084. [PMID: 38791124 PMCID: PMC11121684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of lipase immobilized on an octyl-agarose support to obtain the optically pure enantiomers of chiral drugs in reactions carried out in organic solvents is a great challenge for chemical and pharmaceutical sciences. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop optimal procedures to achieve a high enantioselectivity of the biocatalysts in the organic medium. Our paper describes a new approach to biocatalysis performed in an organic solvent with the use of CALB-octyl-agarose support including the application of a polypropylene reactor, an appropriate buffer for immobilization (Tris base-pH 9, 100 mM), a drying step, and then the storage of immobilized lipases in a climatic chamber or a refrigerator. An immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) was used in the kinetic resolution of (R,S)-flurbiprofen by enantioselective esterification with methanol, reaching a high enantiomeric excess (eep = 89.6 ± 2.0%). As part of the immobilization optimization, the influence of different buffers was investigated. The effect of the reactor material and the reaction medium on the lipase activity was also studied. Moreover, the stability of the immobilized lipases: lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) and CALB during storage in various temperature and humidity conditions (climatic chamber and refrigerator) was tested. The application of the immobilized CALB in a polypropylene reactor allowed for receiving over 9-fold higher conversion values compared to the results achieved when conducting the reaction in a glass reactor, as well as approximately 30-fold higher conversion values in comparison with free lipase. The good stability of the CALB-octyl-agarose support was demonstrated. After 7 days of storage in a climatic chamber or refrigerator (with protection from humidity) approximately 60% higher conversion values were obtained compared to the results observed for the immobilized form that had not been stored. The new approach involving the application of the CALB-octyl-agarose support for reactions performed in organic solvents indicates a significant role of the polymer reactor material being used in achieving high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Siódmiak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Dulęba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-251 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Kocot
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Mastalerz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
| | | | - Michał Piotr Marszałł
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Tomasz Siódmiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-251 Szczecin, Poland
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Borowiecki P, Zdun B, Popow N, Wiklińska M, Reiter T, Kroutil W. Development of a novel chemoenzymatic route to enantiomerically enriched β-adrenolytic agents. A case study toward propranolol, alprenolol, pindolol, carazolol, moprolol, and metoprolol. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22150-22160. [PMID: 36043081 PMCID: PMC9364081 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient chemoenzymatic routes toward the synthesis of both enantiomers of adrenergic β-blockers were accomplished by identifying a central chiral building block, which was first prepared using lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution (KR, Amano PS-IM) as the asymmetric step at a five gram-scale (209 mM conc.). The enantiopure (R)-chlorohydrin (>99% ee) subsequently obtained was used for the synthesis of a series of model (R)-(+)-β-blockers (i.e., propranolol, alprenolol, pindolol, carazolol, moprolol, and metoprolol), which were produced with enantiomeric excess in the range of 96–99.9%. The pharmaceutically relevant (S)-counterpart, taking propranolol as a model, was synthesized in excellent enantiomeric purity (99% ee) via acetolysis of the respective enantiomerically pure (R)-mesylate by using cesium acetate and a catalytic amount of 18-Crown-6, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the formed (S)-acetate. Alternatively, asymmetric reduction of a prochiral ketone, namely 2-(3-chloro-2-oxopropyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, was performed using lyophilized E. coli cells harboring overexpressed recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus kefir (E. coli/Lk-ADH-Lica) giving the corresponding chlorohydrin with >99% ee. Setting the stereocenter early in the synthesis and performing a 4-step reaction sequence in a ‘one-pot two-step’ procedure allowed the design of a ‘step-economic’ route with a potential dramatic improvement in process efficiency. The synthetic method can serve for the preparation of a broad scope of enantiomerically enriched β-blockers, the chemical structures of which rely on the common α-hydroxy-N-isopropylamine moiety, and in this sense, might be industrially attractive. Efficient chemoenzymatic routes toward both enantiomers of β-blockers were accomplished by identifying a central chiral building block prepared using either lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution methodology or ADH-catalyzed biotranshydrogenation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Koszykowa St. 75 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Zdun
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Koszykowa St. 75 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | - Natalia Popow
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Koszykowa St. 75 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Wiklińska
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Koszykowa St. 75 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tamara Reiter
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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Sampaio CS, Angelotti JAF, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Hirata DB. Lipase immobilization via cross-linked enzyme aggregates: Problems and prospects - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:434-449. [PMID: 35752332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we have focused on the preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) from lipases, as these are among the most used enzyme in bioprocesses. This immobilization method is considered very attractive due to preparation simplicity, non-use of supports and the possibility of using crude enzyme extracts. CLEAs provide lipase stabilization under extreme temperature or pH conditions or in the presence of organic solvents, in addition to preventing enzyme leaching in aqueous medium. However, it presents some problems in the preparation and limitations in their use. The problems in preparation refer mainly to the crosslinking step, and may be solved using an aminated feeder. The problems in handling have been tackled designing magnetic-CLEAs or trapping the CLEAs in particles with better mechanical properties, the substrate diffusion problems has been reduced by producing more porous-CLEAs, etc. The enzyme co-immobilization using combi-CLEAs is also a new tendency. Therefore, this review explores the CLEAs methodology aimed at lipase immobilization and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Joelise A F Angelotti
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of The External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Daniela B Hirata
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Banoth L, Devarapalli K, Paul I, Thete KN, Pawar SV, Chand Banerjee U. Screening, isolation and selection of a potent lipase producing microorganism and its use in the kinetic resolution of drug intermediates. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Soni S, Dwivedee BP, Sharma VK, Patel G, Banerjee UC. Exploration of the expeditious potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase in the kinetic resolution of racemic intermediates and its validation through molecular docking. Chirality 2017; 30:85-94. [PMID: 29064594 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A profoundly time-efficient chemoenzymatic method for the synthesis of (S)-3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propan-1,2-diol and (S)-1-chloro-3-(2,5-dichlorophenoxy)propan-2-ol, two important pharmaceutical intermediates, was successfully developed using Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL). Kinetic resolution was successfully achieved using vinyl acetate as acylating agent, toluene/hexane as solvent, and reaction temperature of 30°C giving high enantioselectivity and conversion. Under optimized condition, PFL demonstrated 50.2% conversion, enantiomeric excess of 95.0%, enantioselectivity (E = 153) in an optimum time of 1 hour and 50.3% conversion, enantiomeric excess of 95.2%, enantioselectivity (E = 161) in an optimum time of 3 hours, for the two racemic alcohols, respectively. Docking of the R- and S-enantiomers of the intermediates demonstrated stronger H-bond interaction between the hydroxyl group of the R-enantiomer and the key binding residues of the catalytic site of the lipase, while the S-enantiomer demonstrated lesser interaction. Thus, docking study complemented the experimental outcome that PFL preferentially acylated the R form of the intermediates. The present study demonstrates a cost-effective and expeditious biocatalytic process that can be applied in the enantiopure synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Bharat P Dwivedee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Vishnu K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Gopal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Uttam C Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
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Dwivedee BP, Bhaumik J, Rai SK, Laha JK, Banerjee UC. Development of nanobiocatalysts through the immobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase for applications in efficient kinetic resolution of racemic compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:464-471. [PMID: 28538202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports covalent immobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL) on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a nanobiocatalyst (NBC). This nanobiocatalyst facilitates efficient kinetic resolution of (RS)-1-phenylethanol into (S)-1-phenylethanol [C=49.7%, eep=99.5%, ees=98.1% and E value=191.4]. The immobilized preparation (MWCNTs-PFL) showed ten-fold increase in activity, thermal stability upto 80 °C and recyclability (8 cycles). MWCNTs-PFL nanobioconjugate demonstrated better stability and enhanced activity compared to covalently immobilized PFL on other matrices (silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and chitosan beads) used for the study. A statistical design [response surface methodology (RSM)] employed for the optimization of enzyme immobilization parameters made this study statistically more significant. Overall, the newly developed nanobiocatalyst has applications towards the kinetic resolution of racemic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat P Dwivedee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India.
| | - Shushil K Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Uttam C Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India.
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Soni S, Dwivedee BP, Sharma VK, Banerjee UC. Kinetic resolution of (RS)-1-chloro-3-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol: a metoprolol intermediate and its validation through homology model of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetic resolution of (±)-1-chloro-3-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol: a metoprolol intermediate and its validation through homology model of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Soni
- Department of Biotechnology
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - Bharat P. Dwivedee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar 160062
- India
| | - Vishnu K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar 160062
- India
| | - Uttam C. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar 160062
- India
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Thakur NS, Bhaumik J, Sooram B, Banoth L, Banerjee UC. Synthesis of Enantiopure Drugs and Drug Intermediates UsingIn SilicoGenerated Archetype Biocatalyst: A Case Study Using Alprenolol as a Model Drug. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj S. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Reaserch; Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar- 160062 Punjab India, Extn 2142
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Reaserch; Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar- 160062 Punjab India, Extn 2142
| | - Banesh Sooram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Reaserch; Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar- 160062 Punjab India, Extn 2142
| | - Linga Banoth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Reaserch; Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar- 160062 Punjab India, Extn 2142
| | - Uttam C. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Reaserch; Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar- 160062 Punjab India, Extn 2142
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Ghosh S, Bhaumik J, Banoth L, Banesh S, Banerjee UC. Chemoenzymatic Route for the Synthesis of (S
)-Moprolol, a Potential β-Blocker. Chirality 2016; 28:313-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Nagar Punjab India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Nagar Punjab India
| | - Linga Banoth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Nagar Punjab India
| | - Sooram Banesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Nagar Punjab India
| | - Uttam Chand Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Nagar Punjab India
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