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Formen JSSK, Howard JR, Anslyn EV, Wolf C. Circular Dichroism Sensing: Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400767. [PMID: 38421186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition, and concentration of chiral compounds are frequently encountered tasks across the chemical and health sciences. Chiroptical sensing methods can streamline this work and allow high-throughput screening with remarkable reduction of operational time and cost. During the last few years, significant methodological advances with innovative chirality sensing systems, the use of computer-generated calibration curves, machine learning assistance, and chemometric data processing, to name a few, have emerged and are now matched with commercially available multi-well plate CD readers. These developments have reframed the chirality sensing space and provide new opportunities that are of interest to a large group of chemists. This review will discuss chirality sensing strategies and applications with representative small-molecule CD sensors. Emphasis will be given to important milestones and recent advances that accelerate chiral compound analysis by outperforming traditional methods, conquer new directions, and pioneering efforts that lie at the forefront of chiroptical high-throughput screening developments. The goal is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the current state and a perspective of future directions of this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Howard
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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2
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Miki N, Inoue R, Morisaki Y. Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of One-handed Helical Oligo-o-phenylene-ethynylenes Using Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Miki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337
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3
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Hassan DS, Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Stereochemical analysis of chiral amines, diamines, and amino alcohols: Practical chiroptical sensing based on dynamic covalent chemistry. Chirality 2020; 32:457-463. [PMID: 32027416 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Practical chiroptical sensing with a small group of commercially available aromatic aldehydes is demonstrated. Schiff base formation between the electron-deficient 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde probe and either primary amines, diamines, or amino alcohols proceeds smoothly in chloroform at room temperature and is completed in the presence of molecular sieves within 2.5 hours. The substrate binding coincides with a distinct circular dichroism signal induction at approximately 330 nm, which can be correlated to the absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of the analyte. The usefulness of this sensing method is highlighted with the successful sensing of 18 aliphatic and aromatic amines and amino alcohols and five examples showing quantitative %ee determination with good accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra S Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - F Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
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Lynch CC, De Los Santos ZA, Wolf C. Chiroptical sensing of unprotected amino acids, hydroxy acids, amino alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids with metal salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6297-6300. [PMID: 31089587 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical chirality sensing of unprotected amino acids, hydroxy acids, amino alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids based on a practical mix-and-measure protocol with readily available copper, iron, palladium, manganese, cerium or rhodium salts is demonstrated. The generation of strong cotton effects allows quantitative ee analysis of small sample amounts with high speed. In contrast to previously reported assays the use of chromophoric reporter ligands and the control of metal coordination kinetics and redox chemistry are not necessary which greatly simplifies the sensing procedure with the benefit of reduced waste production and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán C Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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5
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De los Santos ZA, Yusin G, Wolf C. Enantioselective sensing of carboxylic acids with a bis(urea)oligo(phenylene)ethynylene foldamer. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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De los Santos ZA, Lynch CC, Wolf C. Optische Chiralitätssensorik mit ligandenfreien, weit verbreiteten Cobaltsalzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeus A. De los Santos
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Ciarán C. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
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De los Santos ZA, Lynch CC, Wolf C. Optical Chirality Sensing with an Auxiliary‐Free Earth‐Abundant Cobalt Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1198-1202. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeus A. De los Santos
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Ciarán C. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
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Herrera BT, Pilicer SL, Anslyn EV, Joyce LA, Wolf C. Optical Analysis of Reaction Yield and Enantiomeric Excess: A New Paradigm Ready for Prime Time. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10385-10401. [PMID: 30059621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective highlights the advances of optical methods for asymmetric reaction discovery. Optical analysis allows for the determination of absolute configuration, enantiomeric excess and reaction yield that is amenable to high-throughput experimentation. Thus, the synthetic organic community is encouraged to incorporate the methods discussed to expedite the development of high-yielding, enantioselective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden T Herrera
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Samantha L Pilicer
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057 , United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Leo A Joyce
- Department of Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057 , United States
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Katoono R, Kusaka K, Tanaka Y, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. Supramolecular chiroptical switching of helical-sense preferences through the two-way intramolecular transmission of a single chiral source. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1167-1171. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexation-induced reversal of helical-sense preferences is demonstrated with a simple molecule with a pair of exciton-coupled chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Keiichi Kusaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
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De los Santos ZA, Legaux NM, Wolf C. Chirality sensing with stereodynamic copper(I) complexes. Chirality 2017; 29:663-669. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington D.C. USA
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11
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Scaramuzzo FA, Badetti E, Licini G, Zonta C. Second-Generation Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-Zinc Complexes as Probes for Enantiomeric Excess Determination of Amino Acids. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A. Scaramuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Elena Badetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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12
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De Los Santos ZA, Wolf C. Chiroptical Asymmetric Reaction Screening via Multicomponent Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13517-13520. [PMID: 27696842 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of a stereodynamic phosphine ligand, Pd(II), and a chiral amine, amino alcohol, or amino acid generates characteristic UV and CD signals that can be used for quantitative stereochemical analysis of the bound substrate. A robust mix-and-measure chiroptical sensing protocol has been developed and used to determine the absolute configuration, ee, and yield of an amine produced by Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of an iminium salt. The analysis requires only 1 mg of the crude reaction mixture and minimizes cost, labor, time, and waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeus A De Los Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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13
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Bentley KW, Joyce LA, Sherer EC, Sheng H, Wolf C, Welch CJ. Antenna Biphenols: Development of Extended Wavelength Chiroptical Reporters. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1185-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith W. Bentley
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Leo A. Joyce
- Department
of Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward C. Sherer
- Department
of Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Huaming Sheng
- Department
of Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christopher J. Welch
- Department
of Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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14
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De los Santos ZA, Ding R, Wolf C. Quantitative chirality sensing of amines and amino alcohols via Schiff base formation with a stereodynamic UV/CD probe. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1934-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02529j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A readily available probe is used for quantitative sensing of the concentration and ee of chiral amines and amino alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ransheng Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgetown University
- Washington
- USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgetown University
- Washington
- USA
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