Influence of lactic acid bacteria on stereoselective degradation of theta-cypermethrin

Chirality in Insecticide Design and Efficacy

Chirality plays a crucial role in the design and efficacy of insecticides, significantly influencing their biological activity, selectivity, and environmental impact. Recent advancements in chiral insecticides have focused on enhancing their effectiveness, reducing toxicity to nontarget organisms, and improving environmental sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on chiral insecticides, including neonicotinoids, isoxazolines, and sulfiliminyls. We discuss the stereochemistry, synthetic development, mode of action, and environmental fate of these compounds. The review highlights the importance of chirality in optimizing insecticidal properties and underscores the need for continued research into novel chiral compounds and advanced synthesis technologies. By understanding the role of chirality, we can develop more effective and environmentally friendly insecticides for sustainable pest management.

The degradation of residual pesticides and the quality of white clover silage are related to the types and initial concentrations of pesticides

In order to understand the degradation of different residual pesticides of white clover silage and their influence on silage quality, three commonly used orchard pesticides with different concentrations were added to the white clover and fermented for 90 days. The results showed that the degradation rate of cypermethrin and its toxic degradation product 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) was the highest after silage, at different concentrations, both were 100%. The degradation rate of Tebuconazole and chloropyridine was 72.47-80.27% and 47.76-64.82%, of which 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) content, poisonous toxic degradation product, increased 0.0525-0.253 mg·kg-1. The residues of beta-cypermethrin and tebuconazole had reached safety standards after silage. As compared with the control, the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid increased in the treated samples. The higher concentrations of three pesticides all significantly reduced the lactic acid content of silage (p<0.05). Pesticides had different effects on the nutritional components of white clover silage. Conclusively, silage is a potential way to expand the utilization of covering plants in orchards.