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Zhao F, Lin L, Zhao Y, Wu J, Zhu J, Zhang T, Tan H. Developmental toxicity and metabolomics analyses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20399-20408. [PMID: 38374504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FEN) is an aryloxy phenoxy propionate herbicide that has been widely used in paddy fields. Previous studies have indicated that FEN is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, but little is known about the developmental effects of FEN. This study investigated acute and developmental toxicity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and metabolomic analyses in zebrafish embryos after 96 h of exposure. FEN exhibited high acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos and larvae. Exposure to FEN could reduce heartbeat and hatching rates and increase malformation rates in embryos. Oxidative damage was also caused in embryos. The results of metabolomics analysis showed that 102 differentially abundant metabolites were found in zebrafish embryos in the 0.05 mg/L FEN treatment group, and 60 differentially abundant metabolites were found in the 0.20 mg/L FEN treatment group. These differentially abundant metabolites mainly belonged to 9 metabolic pathways, of which folate pathways and ABC transport protein pathways had the greatest impact. These results suggested that FEN induced high acute and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao P, Hou Y, Chen X, Zhang M, Hu Z, Chen L, Huang J. High Fischer Ratio Oligopeptides of Gluten Alleviate Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Foods 2024; 13:436. [PMID: 38338571 PMCID: PMC10855637 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High Fischer ratio oligopeptides (HFOs) exhibit diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. HFOs from gluten origin were prepared through fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis and then characterized using free amino acid analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Following intervention, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rats significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, there was an increasing trend in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of alcohol metabolism-related genes (ADH4, ALDH2, and CYP2E1) exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05). Histological examination revealed a reduction in liver damage. The findings indicate that high Fischer ratio oligopeptides, prepared through enzymatic and fermentation methods, significantly improve lipid levels, ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders, and mitigate oxidative stress, and exhibit a discernible alleviating effect on alcoholic liver injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Zhao
- Food Laboratory of Zhong Yuan, Luohe 462300, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yinchen Hou
- Food Laboratory of Zhong Yuan, Luohe 462300, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Xinyang Chen
- Food Laboratory of Zhong Yuan, Luohe 462300, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Food Laboratory of Zhong Yuan, Luohe 462300, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zheyuan Hu
- Food Laboratory of Zhong Yuan, Luohe 462300, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lishui Chen
- Food Laboratory of Zhong Yuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Food Laboratory of Zhong Yuan, Luohe 462300, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food Green Manufacturing, Xuchang 461000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Bao Y, Zhu M, Su G. Tissue-specific accumulation, bioaccumulation, and depuration of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160267. [PMID: 36402331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the properties of bioaccumulation, tissue-specific accumulation, and depuration of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to a mixture of 39 LCMs for 19 days followed by depuration for 12 days. Tissue-specific accumulation of LCMs was examined at the time point of day 19, and we observed that the distribution of LCMs varied among different tissues with the following order of Σ39LCM concentrations, the intestine > brain > gill > liver > muscle. We also observed that the bioaccumulation potential of LCMs varied among LCM groups with different functional groups, and LCMs with the cyan group were prone to accumulate in zebrafish. Among the 39 target LCMs, nine exhibited bioconcentration factors (BCFs) >1000, indicating their great bioaccumulation potential in aquatic environments. The experimental BCFs of 22 LCMs in the present study were lower than the theoretical values predicted by the Estimation Programs Interface (EPI) Suite software developed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), suggesting that their bioaccumulation potential might be overestimated by theoretical estimation techniques. Another interesting finding was the significant positive correlation relationship in both sexes of zebrafish (p < 0.01, r2 = 0.66 for male; p < 0.01, r2 = 0.41 for female) between logBCFww and logKow values of LCMs. Overall, this study provides fundamental information regarding the bioaccumulation potentials of LCMs, which could be helpful for further investigating the health risks of LCMs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Research Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Research Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Research Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Yao J, Gao J, Wang N, Liu X, Zhou Z, Wang P. Degradation and chiral properties of metamifop during rice processing. Food Chem 2023; 420:135614. [PMID: 37084473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Metamifop has been used to control gramineous weeds in paddy fields and may form residues in rice. In this study, the residue analysis method for metamifop and the metabolites was set up based on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the chiral analysis method was also developed. The enantioselective degradation and residue of metamifop in rice processing were studied, and the major metabolites were monitored. The removal rate of metamifop by washing could reach 60.03%, while the loss in rice and porridge cooking was less than 16%. No decrease was found in fermentation into fermented grains, but metamifop was degraded in the process of rice wine fermentation with half-lives of around 9.5 days. N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-methylpropionamide and 6-chlorobenzo [d] oxazole-2 (3H)-one were found to be the major metabolites. This study reveals the enantioselective residue of metamifop in rice processing, which helps understand the potential risk in food consumption.
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Ji C, Song Z, Tian Z, Feng Z, Fan L, Shou C, Zhao M. Enantioselectivity in the toxicological effects of chiral pesticides: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159656. [PMID: 36280076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a special category of pesticides, chiral pesticides have increased the difficulty in investigating pesticide toxicity. Based on their usage, chiral pesticides can be divided into insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Over the past decades, great efforts have been made on elucidating their toxicological effects. However, no literature has reviewed the enantioselective toxicity of chiral pesticides since 2014. In recent years, more chiral pesticides have been registered for application. As such, huge research progresses have been achieved in enantioselective toxicity of chiral pesticides. Generally, more researches have remedied the knowledge gap in toxicological effects of old and new chiral pesticides. And the toxicological endpoints being evaluated have become more specific rather than centering on basic toxicity and target organisms. Besides, the underlying mechanisms accounting for the enantioselectivity in toxicological effects of chiral pesticides have been discussed as well. All in all, this review provides the critical knowledge for risk assessments, and help to drive the green-technology of single- or enriched-enantiomer pesticides and formulation of relevant laws and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhongdi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhongling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zixuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Lele Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chenfei Shou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Göethel G, Augsten LV, das Neves GM, Gonçalves IL, de Souza JPS, Garcia SC, Eifler-Lima VL. The role of alternative toxicological trials in drug discovery programs: The case of Caenorhabditis elegans and other methods. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5270-5288. [PMID: 35352642 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220329190825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a new drug requires over a billion dollars and around 12 years of research efforts, and toxicity is the leading reason for failure to approve candidate drugs. Many alternative methods have been validated to detect toxicity as early as possible to diminish the waste of resources and efforts in medicinal chemistry research, and in vivo alternative methods are especially valuable for the amount of information they can give at little cost and in a short time. In this work, we present a review of the literature published between the years 2000 and 2021 of in vivo alternative methods of toxicity screening employed in medicinal chemistry, which we believe will be useful because, in addition to shortening research times, these studies provide much additional information aside from the toxicity of drug candidate compounds. These in vivo models include zebrafish, Artemia salina, Galleria mellonella, Drosophila melanogaster, planarians, and Caenorhabditis elegans as highlights. The most published ones in the last decade were zebrafish, D. melanogaster and C. elegans due to their reliability, ease and cost-effectiveness of implementation and flexibility. Special attention is given to C. elegans because of its rising popularity, a wide range of uses including toxicity screening, and active effects measurement, from antioxidant effects to anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities, and its fast and reliable results. Over time, C. elegans also became a viable high-throughput (HTS) automated drug screening option. Additionally, this manuscript lists briefly the other screening methods used for the initial toxicological analyses and the role of alternative in vivo methods in these scenarios, classifying them as in silico, in vitro and alternative in vivo models, the latter of which have been receiving a growing increase in interest in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX). Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Volnei Augsten
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Machado das Neves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Itamar Luís Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Silveira de Souza
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX). Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
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In vivo study of the bioavailability and metabolic profile of (poly)phenols after sous-vide artichoke consumption. Food Chem 2021; 367:130620. [PMID: 34343812 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Artichokes are a rich source of (poly)phenols, mainly caffeoylquinic acids, but little is known about their bioavailability from this source. This study investigated the absorption, metabolism and excretion of (poly)phenols after sous-vide artichoke consumption (5776 µmol of (poly)phenols) by healthy volunteers. Seventy-six (poly)phenol metabolites were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS using authentic standards, including acyl-quinic acids plus C6-C3, C6-C1, C6-C2, C6-C1-N, C6-C0 metabolites, and their phase-II conjugates. The major metabolites were 3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxycinnamic acid, 3'-methoxycinnamic acid-4'-sulfate, and 4'-hydroxycinnamic acid-3'-sulfate, which appeared early in plasma (Tmax < 4 h); plus 3-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, 3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid-3'-glucuronide, 3-(3'-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid and hippuric acids, which appeared later (Tmax > 6 h). The 24 h urinary recovery averaged 8.9% (molar basis) of the (poly)phenols consumed. Hepatic beta-oxidation of 3',4'-dihydroxycinnamic acid and methylated conjugates occurred, but was limited (<0.04%). 3'-Methylation exceeded 4'-methylation and interindividual variability was high, especially for gut microbial metabolites (up to 168-fold).
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