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Zhang Y, Li H, Hai X, Guo X, Di X. Designing green and recyclable switchable supramolecular deep eutectic solvents for efficient extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix and mechanism exploration. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465084. [PMID: 38879980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A green and recyclable switchable supramolecular deep eutectic solvent (SS-DES) was designed and prepared for effective extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix. The novel SS-DES has both excellent extraction performance of DES and the host guest inclusion of cyclodextrin, thereby showing superior extraction efficiency and selectivity. The characteristic of polarity switching can endow the SS-DES with achieving homogeneous extraction and rapid two-phase separation, shorting per-treatment time largely. Parameters affecting the extraction performance were investigated by the response surface methodology. The results indicated that the SS-DES showed better extraction yield of total flavonoids (157.95 mg/g) compared with pure DES (135 mg/g) and traditional organic solvent (60 % ethanol, 104.87 mg/g). Moreover, the switching mechanism of SS-DES was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR, and the extraction mechanism was studied by density functional theory and molecular docking analysis. After evaluating the ecological impact of the method, the cytotoxicity of SS-DES was investigated and the result displayed that its toxicity was very low or even negligible with the EC50>2000 mg/L. After being adsorbed by macroporous AB-8 resin, the regenerated SS-DES was recycled 5 times and the extraction efficiency still remained above 90 %, indicating the desirable reusability. Therefore, the proposed method was efficient and sustainable, and revealed favorable application prospect for the extraction of bio-active compounds from plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoqin Hai
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xin Di
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Vashistha VK, Sethi S, Mittal A, Das DK, Pullabhotla RVSR, Bala R, Yadav S. Stereoselective analysis of chiral pesticides: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:153. [PMID: 38225517 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Chiral organic pollutants, including pesticides, herbicides, medicines, flame retardants, and polycyclic musk, represent a significant threat to both the environment and human health. The presence of asymmetric centers in the structure of chiral pesticides introduces stereoisomers with distinct distributions, fates, biomagnification capacities, and cytotoxicities. In aquatic environments, pesticides, as persistent/pseudo-persistent compounds, have been detected in substantial quantities, posing severe risks to non-target species and, ultimately, public health through water supply and food exposures. In response to this environmental challenge, stereoselective analytical methods have gained prominence for the identification of pesticide/drug enantiomers in recent years. This review examines the environmental impact of chiral pesticides, emphasizing the distinct biological activities and distribution patterns of their stereoisomers. By highlighting the advancements in liquid chromatography for enantiomeric analysis, the review aims to underscore the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of these pollutants to facilitate informed remediation strategies and ensure the safer dispersal of chiral organic pollutants in the environment, thereby addressing the potential risks they pose to ecosystems and human health. Future research should focus on developing sustainable and efficient methodologies for the precise analysis of stereoisomers in complex matrices, particularly in sewage water, emphasizing the importance of sewage processing plants in ensuring water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonika Sethi
- Department of Chemistry, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ankit Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Shyamlal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Rajasekhar V S R Pullabhotla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Renu Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Guo X, Jiang H, Guo Y, Jia L, Jing X, Wu J. Subzero-temperature homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction for the stereoselective determination of chiral triadimefon and its metabolite in water, fruit juice, vinegar, and fermented liquor by HPLC. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5492-5499. [PMID: 37842813 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel method based on homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction with deep eutectic solvents (DES) under subzero-temperature conditions in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of chiral fungicide triadimefon (TF) and its metabolite triadimenol (TN) in water, fruit juice, vinegar, and fermented liquor was developed in this study. The method involved using deep eutectic solvents (DES) under subzero-temperature conditions in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This novel technique, known as subzero-temperature homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (STHLLE), offers several advantages, including high efficiency, time-saving, low-cost, and eco-friendliness. The enantiomers of chiral TF and TN were simultaneously separated and quantified using HPLC coupled with a Daicel Chiralpak OD-RH column. Various experimental parameters such as DES composition and volume, freezing condition, salt concentration, and pH were optimized to enhance the recoveries of the target analytes. Under the optimized conditions, spiked recoveries of six enantiomers (i.e., S-TF, R-TF, SR-TN, RS-TN, SS-TN, and RR-TN) in the water, fruit juice, vinegar, and fermented liquor samples were 82.2-100.1% with relative standard deviations of 0.4-10.1%. The current method demonstrated a detection range of 0.03-0.06 mg L-1 in the target analytes. This established technique exhibits potential for efficient and precise extraction and quantification of the enantiomers of TF and TN in water phase samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingle Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Haijuan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
- Graduate Education Innovation Center on Baijiu Bioengineering in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Liyan Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
- Graduate Education Innovation Center on Baijiu Bioengineering in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
- Graduate Education Innovation Center on Baijiu Bioengineering in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Junxue Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China.
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Zhang J, Li S, Yao L, Yi Y, Shen L, Li Z, Qiu H. Responsive switchable deep eutectic solvents: A review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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