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Malacarne F, Grecchi S, Niamlaem M, Bonczak B, Salinas G, Arnaboldi S. Unconventional approaches for chiral resolution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3677-3685. [PMID: 38755462 PMCID: PMC11180637 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental and ubiquitous property of nature involved in multiple fields of science. In particular, the possible resolution of the enantiomeric forms of a molecule is crucial in the pharmaceutical, food, and agrochemical industries. The search for efficient, broad-spectrum, and yet simple methods for obtaining enantiomerically pure substances is a current challenge. Enantioselective resolution methods rely on an asymmetric environment that allows the two antipodes of a chiral molecule to be distinguished. In addition to enantiomeric separation techniques, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, new promising approaches involving out-of-the-scheme synergistic effects between chiral selectors (CS) and external stimuli are emerging. This Trends article discusses different enantioselective mechanisms triggered by unconventional physicochemical stimuli for the design of avant-garde approaches that could offer novel perspectives in the field of chiral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Grecchi
- Dip. Di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerardo Salinas
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dip. Di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Jia C, Li F, Li A, Li Q, Huang L. Study of the Enantioselectivity and Recognition Mechanism of Allyl-β-CD Modified Organic Polymer Monolithic Capillary Column. Chirality 2024; 36:e23697. [PMID: 38982739 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Allyl-β-CD was synthesized and used as the chiral functional monomer to prepare chiral organic polymer monolithic columns in capillary HPLC. First, the enantioselectivity of the prepared allyl-β-CD modified organic polymer monolithic capillary columns was investigated. Then, the influences of enantioseparation conditions of chiral drugs were further explored. Finally, the recognition mechanism was studied by molecular docking with AutoDock. Complete enantioseparations of four chiral drugs as well as partial enantioseparations of eight chiral drugs have been achieved. Results showed that the RSD values for run-to-run, day-to-day, and column-to-column variations ranged from 1.2% to 4.6%, 1.4% to 4.7%, and 2.0% to 6.1%, respectively. The enantioselectivity factor rather than resolution is correlated with the binding free energy difference between enantiomers with allyl-β-CD. Furthermore, the abundant ether bonds, hydroxyl groups, and hydrophobic cavities in cyclodextrin are responsible for the enantioseparation ability of the chiral monolithic capillary columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoheng Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Futao Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Anqi Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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Chen C, Peng Y, Wei Y, Liu M, Wang Y, Xiong S, Li H, He Q. New methods for resolution of hydroxychloroquine by forming diastereomeric salt and adding chiral mobile phase agent on RP-HPLC. Chirality 2024; 36:e23672. [PMID: 38693625 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), 2-([4-([7-Chloro-4-quinolyl]amino)pentyl]ethylamino)ethanol, exhibited significant biological activity, while its side effects cannot be overlooked. The RP-HPLC enantio-separation was investigated for cost-effective and convenient optical purity analysis of HCQ. The thermodynamic resolution of Rac-HCQ, driven by enthalpy and entropy, was achieved on the C18 column using Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) as the chiral mobile phase agent (CMPA). The effects of CCM-β-CD, pH, and triethylamine (TEA) V% on the enantio-separation process were explored. Under the optimum conditions at 24°C, the retention times for the two enantiomers weret R 1 = 29.39 min $$ {t}_{R1}=29.39\ \min $$ andt R 2 = 32.42 min $$ {t}_{R2}=32.42\ \min $$ , resulting inR s = 1.87 $$ {R}_s=1.87 $$ . The resolution via diastereomeric salt formation of Rac-HCQ was developed to obtain the active pharmaceutical ingredient of single enantiomer S-HCQ. Di-p-Anisoyl-L-Tartaric Acid (L-DATA) was proved effective as the resolution agent for Rac-HCQ. Surprisingly, it was found that refluxing time was a key fact affecting the resolution efficiency, which meant the kinetic dominate during the process of the resolution. Four factors-solvent volume, refluxing time, filtration temperature, and molar ratio-were optimized using the single-factor method and the response surface method. Two cubic models were established, and the reliability was subsequently verified. Under the optimal conditions, the less soluble salt of 2L-DATA:S-HCQ was obtained with a yield of 96.9% and optical purity of 63.0%. The optical purity of this less soluble salt increases to 99.0% with a yield of 74.2% after three rounds recrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangfeng Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongming Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Hubner EM, Schützinger S, Molnárová K, Schmid MG. Screening of Astec® CHIRALDEX™ G-PN and LIPODEX™ D gas chromatography columns for enantioseparation of amphetamine derivatives. Chirality 2024; 36:e23676. [PMID: 38736271 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Among different substance classes, New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) comprise chiral amphetamines for stimulant and empathic effects. There is little knowledge in terms of clinical studies about possibly different effects of the two enantiomers of novel amphetamine derivatives. For this reason, there is a big demand for enantioseparation method development of this new substance class. Regarding gas chromatography, cyclodextrins proved to be effective for enantioseparation of NPS. In our attempt, an Astec® Chiraldex™ G-PN column containing 2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-propionyl-γ-cyclodextrin and a Lipodex™ D column containing heptakis-(2,6-di-O-pentyl-O-acetyl)-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector served as stationary phases in a Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 SE system. Because of the special coating, maximum temperature is limited to 200 °C isothermal or 220 °C in programmed mode. To ensure detection, trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) was used to increase sample volatility.1 As a result, 35 amphetamines were tested as their TFAA-derivatives. A screening method with a temperature gradient from 140 °C to 200 °C at a heating ramp of 1 °C per minute and final time of 5 min, showed baseline separation for seven and partial separations for 16 trifluoro acetylated amphetamines using the Chiraldex™ G-PN column. Six baseline and nine partial separations were observed with the Lipodex™ D column, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hubner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sophie Schützinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarína Molnárová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University of Prague, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin G Schmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Encapsulation of Doxorubicin in Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin in aqueous medium mediated by pH-modulated Electrostatics Interactions. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shu-Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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