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WuDunn D, Squeri A, Vu J, Dhingra A, Coffman J, Lee K. Effect of inner diameter, filter length, and pore size on hollow fiber filter fouling during perfusion cell culture. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3440. [PMID: 38343012 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
As the need for higher volumetric productivity in biomanufacturing grows, biopharmaceutical companies are increasingly investing in a perfusion cell culture process, most commonly one that uses a hollow fiber filter as the cell retention device. A current challenge with using hollow fiber filters is fouling of the membrane, which reduces product sieving and can increase transmembrane pressure (TMP) past process limitations. In this work, the impact of hollow fiber filter geometries on product sieving and hydraulic membrane resistance profiles is evaluated in a tangential flow filtration (TFF) perfusion system. The hollow fibers tested had lengths ranging from 19.8 to 41.5 cm, inner diameters (IDs) ranging from 1.0 to 2.6 mm, and pore sizes of 0.2 or 0.65 μm. The results showed that the shortest hollow fibers experienced higher product sieving while larger IDs contributed to both higher product sieving and lower hydraulic membrane resistances, illustrating the impact of filter geometry on process performance. The results also showed 0.2 μm pore size filters maintain higher product sieving, but also higher membrane resistances compared to 0.65 μm pore size filters. This study highlights the need for optimized hollow fiber filter geometries to maximize use of the membrane area, which in turn can reduce production costs and increase scalability of the perfusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique WuDunn
- BioProcess Technologies & Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Squeri
- BioProcess Technologies & Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jimmy Vu
- BioProcess Technologies & Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashna Dhingra
- BioProcess Technologies & Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon Coffman
- BioProcess Technologies & Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken Lee
- BioProcess Technologies & Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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2
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Romann P, Giller P, Sibilia A, Herwig C, Zydney AL, Perilleux A, Souquet J, Bielser JM, Villiger TK. Co-current filtrate flow in TFF perfusion processes: Decoupling transmembrane pressure from crossflow to improve product sieving. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:640-654. [PMID: 37965698 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fiber-based membrane filtration has emerged as the dominant technology for cell retention in perfusion processes yet significant challenges in alleviating filter fouling remain unsolved. In this work, the benefits of co-current filtrate flow applied to a tangential flow filtration (TFF) module to reduce or even completely remove Starling recirculation caused by the axial pressure drop within the module was studied by pressure characterization experiments and perfusion cell culture runs. Additionally, a novel concept to achieve alternating Starling flow within unidirectional TFF was investigated. Pressure profiles demonstrated that precise flow control can be achieved with both lab-scale and manufacturing-scale filters. TFF systems with co-current flow showed up to 40% higher product sieving compared to standard TFF. The decoupling of transmembrane pressure from crossflow velocity and filter characteristics in co-current TFF alleviates common challenges for hollow fiber-based systems such as limited crossflow rates and relatively short filter module lengths, both of which are currently used to avoid extensive pressure drop along the filtration module. Therefore, co-current filtrate flow in unidirectional TFF systems represents an interesting and scalable alternative to standard TFF or alternating TFF operation with additional possibilities to control Starling recirculation flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Romann
- School of Life Science, Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Giller
- School of Life Science, Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arnaud Perilleux
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Bielser
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Thomas K Villiger
- School of Life Science, Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
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3
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Chi CW, Lao YH, Ahmed AHR, He S, Merghoub T, Leong KW, Wang S. Enabling continuous immune cell recirculation on a microfluidic array to study immunotherapeutic interactions in a recapitulated tumour microenvironment. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:396-407. [PMID: 38180130 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00662j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The effects of immunotherapeutics on interactions between immune and cancer cells are modulated by multiple components in the tumour microenvironment (TME), including endothelium and tumour stroma, which provide both a physical barrier and immunosuppressive stimuli. Herein, we report a recirculating chip to enable continuous immune cell recirculation through a microfluidic cell array to include these crucial players. This system consists of a three-layered cell array (μFCA) spatially emulating the TME, with tailored fluidic circuits establishing T cell recirculation. This platform enables the study of dynamics among the TME, immune cells in a circulatory system and cancer cell responses thereof. Through this system, we found that tumour endothelium hindered T cell infiltration into the reconstructed breast cancer tumour compartment. This negative effect was alleviated when treated with anti-human PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) antibody. Another key stromal component - cancer associated fibroblasts - attenuated T cell infiltration, compared against normal fibroblasts, and led to reduced apoptotic activity in cancer cells. These results confirm the capability of our tumour-on-a-chip system in identifying some key axes to target in overcoming barriers to immunotherapy by recapitulating immune cell interactions with the reconstructed TME. Our results also attest to the feasibility of scaling up this system for high-throughput cancer immunotherapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUNY - City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A H Rezwanuddin Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUNY - City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUNY - City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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4
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The challenges of hydrodynamic forces on cells used in cell manufacturing and therapy. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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An overview of drive systems and sealing types in stirred bioreactors used in biotechnological processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2225-2242. [PMID: 33649923 PMCID: PMC7954712 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
No matter the scale, stirred tank bioreactors are the most commonly used systems in biotechnological production processes. Single-use and reusable systems are supplied by several manufacturers. The type, size, and number of impellers used in these systems have a significant influence on the characteristics and designs of bioreactors. Depending on the desired application, classic shaft-driven systems, bearing-mounted drives, or stirring elements that levitate freely in the vessel may be employed. In systems with drive shafts, process hygiene requirements also affect the type of seal used. For sensitive processes with high hygienic requirements, magnetic-driven stirring systems, which have been the focus of much research in recent years, are recommended. This review provides the reader with an overview of the most common agitation and seal types implemented in stirred bioreactor systems, highlights their advantages and disadvantages, and explains their possible fields of application. Special attention is paid to the development of magnetically driven agitators, which are widely used in reusable systems and are also becoming more and more important in their single-use counterparts. Key Points • Basic design of the most frequently used bioreactor type: the stirred tank bioreactor • Differences in most common seal types in stirred systems and fields of application • Comprehensive overview of commercially available bioreactor seal types • Increased use of magnetically driven agitation systems in single-use bioreactors
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Paul K, Böttinger K, Mitic BM, Scherfler G, Posch C, Behrens D, Huber CG, Herwig C. Development, characterization, and application of a 2-Compartment system to investigate the impact of pH inhomogeneities in large-scale CHO-based processes. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:368-378. [PMID: 32774209 PMCID: PMC7401239 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale bioreactors for the production of monoclonal antibodies reach volumes of up to 25 000 L. With increasing bioreactor size, mixing is however affected negatively, resulting in the formation of gradients throughout the reactor. These gradients can adversely affect process performance at large scale. Since mammalian cells are sensitive to changes in pH, this study investigated the effects of pH gradients on process performance. A 2-Compartment System was established for this purpose to expose only a fraction of the cell population to pH excursions and thereby mimicking a large-scale bioreactor. Cells were exposed to repeated pH amplitudes of 0.4 units (pH 7.3), which resulted in decreased viable cell counts, as well as the inhibition of the lactate metabolic shift. These effects were furthermore accompanied by increased absolute lactate levels. Continuous assessment of molecular attributes of the expressed target protein revealed that subunit assembly or N-glycosylation patterns were only slightly influenced by the pH excursions. The exposure of more cells to the same pH amplitudes further impaired process performance, indicating this is an important factor, which influences the impact of pH inhomogeneity. This knowledge can aid in the design of pH control strategies to minimize the effects of pH inhomogeneity in large-scale bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Paul
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesTU WienViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Böttinger
- Department of BiosciencesBioanalytical Research LabsUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar CharacterizationUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Bernd M. Mitic
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesTU WienViennaAustria
| | - Georg Scherfler
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesTU WienViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Christian G. Huber
- Department of BiosciencesBioanalytical Research LabsUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar CharacterizationUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesTU WienViennaAustria
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Pinto NDS, Brower M. Wide-surface pore microfiltration membrane drastically improves sieving decay in TFF-based perfusion cell culture and streamline chromatography integration for continuous bioprocessing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3336-3344. [PMID: 32667680 PMCID: PMC7689868 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although several compelling benefits for bioprocess intensification have been reported, the need for a streamlined integration of perfusion cultures with capture chromatography still remains unmet. Here, a robust solution is established by conducting tangential flow filtration‐based perfusion with a wide‐surface pore microfiltration membrane. The resulting integrated continuous bioprocess demonstrated negligible retention of antibody, DNA, and host cell proteins in the bioreactor with average sieving coefficients of 98 ± 1%, 124 ± 28%, and 109 ± 27%, respectively. Further discussion regarding the potential membrane fouling mechanisms is also provided by comparing two membranes with different surface pore structures and the same hollow fiber length, total membrane area, and chemistry. A cake‐growth profile is reported for the narrower surface pore, 0.65‐µm nominal retention perfusion membrane with final antibody sieving coefficients ≤70%. Whereas the sieving coefficient remained ≥85% during 40 culture days for the wide‐surface pore, 0.2‐µm nominal retention rating membrane. The wide‐surface pore structure, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy imaging, minimizes the formation of biomass deposits on the membrane surface and drastically improves product sieving. This study not only offers a robust alternative for integrated continuous bioprocess by eliminating additional filtration steps while overcoming sieving decay, but also provides insight into membranes' fouling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno D S Pinto
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Mark Brower
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
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Gränicher G, Coronel J, Trampler F, Jordan I, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Performance of an acoustic settler versus a hollow fiber-based ATF technology for influenza virus production in perfusion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4877-4888. [PMID: 32291490 PMCID: PMC7228903 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Process intensification and integration is crucial regarding an ever increasing pressure on manufacturing costs and capacities in biologics manufacturing. For virus production in perfusion mode, membrane-based alternating tangential flow filtration (ATF) and acoustic settler are the commonly described cell retention technologies. While acoustic settlers allow for continuous influenza virus harvesting, the use of commercially available membranes for ATF systems typically results in the accumulation of virus particles in the bioreactor vessel. Accordingly, with one single harvest at the end of a cultivation, this increases the risk of lowering the product quality. To assess which cell retention device would be most suitable for influenza A virus production, we compared various key performance figures using AGE1.CR.pIX cells at concentrations between 25 and 50 × 106 cells/mL at similar infection conditions using either an ATF system or an acoustic settler. Production yields, process-related impurities, and aggregation of viruses and other large molecules were evaluated. Taking into account the total number of virions from both the bioreactor and the harvest vessel, a 1.5-3.0-fold higher volumetric virus yield was obtained for the acoustic settler. In addition, fewer large-sized aggregates (virus particles and other molecules) were observed in the harvest taken directly from the bioreactor. In contrast, similar levels of process-related impurities (host cell dsDNA, total protein) were obtained in the harvest for both retention systems. Overall, a clear advantage was observed for continuous virus harvesting after the acoustic settler operation mode was optimized. This development may also allow direct integration of subsequent downstream processing steps. KEY POINTS: • High suspension cell density, immortalized avian cell line, influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendal Gränicher
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Juliana Coronel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Felix Trampler
- SonoSep Technologies, Waldgasse 7, 2371, Hinterbrühl, Austria
| | - Ingo Jordan
- ProBioGen AG, Goethestr 54, 13086, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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Stepper L, Filser FA, Fischer S, Schaub J, Gorr I, Voges R. Pre-stage perfusion and ultra-high seeding cell density in CHO fed-batch culture: a case study for process intensification guided by systems biotechnology. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1431-1443. [PMID: 32266469 PMCID: PMC7320070 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Process intensification strategies are needed in the field of therapeutic protein production for higher productivities, lower cost of goods and improved facility utilization. This work describes an intensification approach, which connects a tangential-flow-filtration (TFF) based pre-stage perfusion process with a concentrated fed-batch production culture inoculated with an ultra-high seeding density (uHSD). This strategy shifted biomass production towards the pre-stage, reaching up to 45 × 106 cells/mL in perfusion mode. Subsequently, production in the intensified fed-batch started immediately and the product titer was almost doubled (1.9-fold) in an equivalent runtime and with comparable product quality compared to low-seeded cultures. Driven by mechanistic modelling and next-generation sequencing (NGS) the process had been optimized by selecting the media composition in a way that minimized cellular adaptation between perfusion and production culture. As a main feature, lactate feeding was applied in the intensified approach to promote cell culture performance and process scalability was proven via transfer to pilot-scale i.e., 20 L pre-stage perfusion and 80 L production reactor. Moreover, an earlier shift from a growth associated to a production stage associated gene expression pattern was identified for uHSD cultures compared to the reference. Overall, we showed that the described intensification strategy yielded in a higher volumetric productivity and is applicable for existing or already approved molecules in common, commercial fed-batch facilities. This work provides an in-depth molecular understanding of cellular processes that are detrimental during process intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Stepper
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Florian Alois Filser
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Jochen Schaub
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Ingo Gorr
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Raphael Voges
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
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10
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Pinto NDS, Napoli WN, Brower M. Impact of micro and macroporous TFF membranes on product sieving and chromatography loading for perfusion cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:117-124. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno D. S. Pinto
- Process Research and DevelopmentMerck & Co., Inc Kenilworth New Jersey
| | - William N. Napoli
- Process Research and DevelopmentMerck & Co., Inc Kenilworth New Jersey
| | - Mark Brower
- Process Research and DevelopmentMerck & Co., Inc Kenilworth New Jersey
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11
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Li M, Chin LY, Shukor S, Tamayo A, Maus MV, Parekkadan B. Closed loop bioreactor system for the ex vivo expansion of human T cells. Cytotherapy 2018; 21:76-82. [PMID: 30497956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIM Translation of therapeutic cell therapies to clinical-scale products is critical to realizing widespread success. Currently, however, there are limited tools that are accessible at the research level and readily scalable to clinical-scale needs. METHODS We herein developed and assessed a closed loop bioreactor system in which (i) a highly gas-permeable silicone material was used to fabricate cell culture bags and (ii) dynamic flow was introduced to allow for dissociation of activated T-cell aggregates. RESULTS Using this system, we find superior T-cell proliferation compared with conventional bag materials and flasks, especially at later time points. Furthermore, intermittent dynamic flow could easily break apart T-cell clusters. CONCLUSIONS Our novel closed loop bioreactor system is amenable to enhanced T-cell proliferation and has broader implications for being easily scaled for use in larger need settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Li
- Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ling-Yee Chin
- Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Syukri Shukor
- Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alfred Tamayo
- Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
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12
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Dielectric Spectroscopy and Optical Density Measurement for the Online Monitoring and Control of Recombinant Protein Production in Stably Transformed Drosophila melanogaster S2 Cells. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030900. [PMID: 29562633 PMCID: PMC5876727 DOI: 10.3390/s18030900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins in bioreactors requires real-time process monitoring and control to increase process efficiency and to meet the requirements for a comprehensive audit trail. The combination of optical near-infrared turbidity sensors and dielectric spectroscopy provides diverse system information because different measurement principles are exploited. We used this combination of techniques to monitor and control the growth and protein production of stably transformed Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells expressing antimicrobial proteins. The in situ monitoring system was suitable in batch, fed-batch and perfusion modes, and was particularly useful for the online determination of cell concentration, specific growth rate (µ) and cell viability. These data were used to pinpoint the optimal timing of the key transitional events (induction and harvest) during batch and fed-batch cultivation, achieving a total protein yield of ~25 mg at the 1-L scale. During cultivation in perfusion mode, the OD880 signal was used to control the bleed line in order to maintain a constant cell concentration of 5 × 107 cells/mL, thus establishing a turbidostat/permittistat culture. With this setup, a five-fold increase in productivity was achieved and 130 mg of protein was recovered after 2 days of induced perfusion. Our results demonstrate that both sensors are suitable for advanced monitoring and integration into online control strategies.
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13
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Shear contributions to cell culture performance and product recovery in ATF and TFF perfusion systems. J Biotechnol 2017; 246:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Brunner M, Braun P, Doppler P, Posch C, Behrens D, Herwig C, Fricke J. The impact of pH inhomogeneities on CHO cell physiology and fed-batch process performance - two-compartment scale-down modelling and intracellular pH excursion. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brunner
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Engineering; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - Philipp Braun
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Engineering; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - Philipp Doppler
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Engineering; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | | | | | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Engineering; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - Jens Fricke
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Engineering; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
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15
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Karst DJ, Serra E, Villiger TK, Soos M, Morbidelli M. Characterization and comparison of ATF and TFF in stirred bioreactors for continuous mammalian cell culture processes. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fries T, Dittler I, Blaschczok K, Löffelholz C, Dornfeld W, Schöb R, Drews A, Eibl D. Quantifizierung der hydromechanischen Beanspruchung von Pumpen auf tierische Zellen mittels des nicht-biologischen Modellsystems Emulsion. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201500126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chalmers JJ. Mixing, aeration and cell damage, 30+ years later: what we learned, how it affected the cell culture industry and what we would like to know more about. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Dittler I, Kaiser SC, Blaschczok K, Löffelholz C, Bösch P, Dornfeld W, Schöb R, Rojahn J, Kraume M, Eibl D. A cost-effective and reliable method to predict mechanical stress in single-use and standard pumps. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Dittler
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management; Institute of Biotechnology; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Stephan C. Kaiser
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management; Institute of Biotechnology; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Katharina Blaschczok
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management; Institute of Biotechnology; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Christian Löffelholz
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management; Institute of Biotechnology; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthias Kraume
- Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering; Technische Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Dieter Eibl
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management; Institute of Biotechnology; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil Switzerland
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