1
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Xie D, Pang Q, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li F, He H. Effects of triglycidyl isocyanurate on thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/poly(propylene carbonate) composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Qiyao Pang
- Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Li
- Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Fayong Li
- Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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2
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DMC-Mediated Copolymerization of CO2 and PO—Mechanistic Aspects Derived from Feed and Polymer Composition. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of composition of liquid phase on composition of poly(propylene ether carbonates) in the copolymerization of CO2 with propylene oxide (PO), mediated by a zinc chloride cobalt double metal cyanide, was monitored by FT-IR/CO2 uptake/size exclusion chromatography in batch and semi-batch mode. The ratio of mol fractions of carbonate to ether linkages F (~0.15) was found virtually independent on the feed between 60 and 120 °C. The presence of CO2 lowers the catalytic activity but yields more narrowly distributed poly(propylene ether carbonates). Hints on diffusion and chemistry-related restrictions were found underlying, broadening the distribution. The incorporation of CO2 seems to proceed in a metal-based insertion chain process, ether linkages are generated stepwise after external nucleophilic attack. The presence of amines resulted in lower activities and no change in F. An exchange of chloride for nitrate in the catalyst led to a higher F of max. 0.45. The observations are interpreted in a mechanistic scheme, comprising surface-base-assisted nucleophilic attack of external weak nucleophiles and of mobile surface-bound carboxylato entities on activated PO in competition to protonation of surface-bound alkoxide intermediates by poly(propylene ether carbonate) glycols or by surface-bound protons. Basic entities on the catalyst may promote CO2 incorporation.
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3
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Liu N, Gu C, Chen M, Zhang J, Yang W, Zhan A, Zhang K, Lin Q, Zhu L. Terpolymerizations of CO
2
, Propylene Oxide and DL‐Lactide Catalyzed by Zn‐Fe DMC Catalysts with Quaternary Ammonium Salts. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
| | - Chuanhai Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
| | - Mengting Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
| | - Junan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
| | - Aihong Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
| | - Linhua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University, Haikou Hainan 571158 P. R. China
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4
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Marbach J, Höfer T, Bornholdt N, Luinstra GA. Catalytic Chain Transfer Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide and CO 2 using Zinc Glutarate Catalyst. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:828-839. [PMID: 31304076 PMCID: PMC6604238 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligo and poly(propylene ether carbonate)-polyols with molecular weights from 0.8 to over 50 kg/mol and with 60-92 mol % carbonate linkages were synthesized by chain transfer copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and propylene oxide (PO) mediated by zinc glutarate. Online-monitoring of the polymerization revealed that the CTA controlled copolymerization has an induction time which is resulting from reversible catalyst deactivation by the CTA. Latter is neutralized after the first monomer additions. The outcome of the chain transfer reaction is a function of the carbonate content, i. e. CO2 pressure, most likely on account of differences in mobility (diffusion) of the various polymers. Melt viscosities of poly(ether carbonate)diols with a carbonate content between 60 and 92 mol % are reported as function of the molecular weight, showing that the mobility is higher when the ether content is higher. The procedure of PO/CO2 catalytic chain copolymerization allows tailoring the glass temperature and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Marbach
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
| | - Theresa Höfer
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
| | - Nick Bornholdt
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
| | - Gerrit A. Luinstra
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
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5
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Della Monica F, Buonerba A, Capacchione C. Homogeneous Iron Catalysts in the Reaction of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Della Monica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia; “Adolfo Zambelli”-Università degli Studi di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano (SA Italy
| | - Antonio Buonerba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia; “Adolfo Zambelli”-Università degli Studi di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano (SA Italy
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia; “Adolfo Zambelli”-Università degli Studi di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano (SA Italy
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6
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Della Monica F, Maity B, Pehl T, Buonerba A, De Nisi A, Monari M, Grassi A, Rieger B, Cavallo L, Capacchione C. [OSSO]-Type Iron(III) Complexes for the Low-Pressure Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Epoxides: Catalytic Activity, Reaction Kinetics, and Computational Study. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Della Monica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Pehl
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung (CRC), Technische Universitat München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Antonio Buonerba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Assunta De Nisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alfonso Grassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung (CRC), Technische Universitat München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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7
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Thevenon A, Cyriac A, Myers D, White AJP, Durr CB, Williams CK. Indium Catalysts for Low-Pressure CO 2/Epoxide Ring-Opening Copolymerization: Evidence for a Mononuclear Mechanism? J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6893-6903. [PMID: 29782169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The alternating copolymerization of CO2/epoxides is a useful means to incorporate high levels of carbon dioxide into polymers. The reaction is generally proposed to occur by bimetallic or bicomponent pathways. Here, the first indium catalysts are presented, which are proposed to operate by a distinct mononuclear pathway. The most active and selective catalysts are phosphasalen complexes, which feature ligands comprising two iminophosphoranes linked to sterically hindered ortho-phenolates. The catalysts are active at 1 bar pressure of carbon dioxide and are most effective without any cocatalyst. They show low-pressure activity (1 bar pressure) and yield polymer with high carbonate linkage selectivity (>99%) and isoselectivity ( Pm > 70%). Using these complexes, it is also possible to isolate and characterize key catalytic intermediates, including the propagating indium alkoxide and carbonate complexes that are rarely studied. The catalysts are mononuclear under polymerization conditions, and the key intermediates show different coordination geometries: the alkoxide complex is pentacoordinate, while the carbonate is hexacoordinate. Kinetic analyses reveal a first-order dependence on catalyst concentration and are zero-order in carbon dioxide pressure; these findings together with in situ spectroscopic studies underpin the mononuclear pathway. More generally, this research highlights the future opportunity for other homogeneous catalysts, featuring larger ionic radius metals and new ligands, to operate by mononuclear mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Thevenon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 13 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Anish Cyriac
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Myers
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher B Durr
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 13 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 13 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
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8
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Marbach J, Nörnberg B, Rahlf AF, Luinstra GA. Zinc glutarate-mediated copolymerization of CO2 and PO – parameter studies using design of experiments. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00383h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parameter studies of the PO/CO2-copolymerization revealed the importance of the surface coverage of a nanoscopic ZnGA catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Marbach
- University of Hamburg
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - B. Nörnberg
- University of Hamburg
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - A. F. Rahlf
- University of Hamburg
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - G. A. Luinstra
- University of Hamburg
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
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9
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Trott G, Saini PK, Williams CK. Catalysts for CO2/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0085. [PMID: 26755758 PMCID: PMC4707689 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes and reviews recent progress in the development of catalysts for the ring-opening copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides. The copolymerization is an interesting method to add value to carbon dioxide, including from waste sources, and to reduce pollution associated with commodity polymer manufacture. The selection of the catalyst is of critical importance to control the composition, properties and applications of the resultant polymers. This review highlights and exemplifies some key recent findings and hypotheses, in particular using examples drawn from our own research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Trott
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P K Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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10
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Influence of norbornene dicarboxylic anhydride on the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Paul S, Romain C, Shaw J, Williams CK. Sequence Selective Polymerization Catalysis: A New Route to ABA Block Copoly(ester-b-carbonate-b-ester). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyeni Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Romain
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - John Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Chapman AM, Keyworth C, Kember MR, Lennox AJJ, Williams CK. Adding Value to Power Station Captured CO2: Tolerant Zn and Mg Homogeneous Catalysts for Polycarbonate Polyol Production. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501798s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Chapman
- Econic Technologies Ltd. Bio-incubator and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - C. Keyworth
- Econic Technologies Ltd. Bio-incubator and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - M. R. Kember
- Econic Technologies Ltd. Bio-incubator and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - A. J. J. Lennox
- Econic Technologies Ltd. Bio-incubator and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - C. K. Williams
- Econic Technologies Ltd. Bio-incubator and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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13
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Behr A, Vorholt AJ, Seidensticker T. An Old Friend in a New Guise-Recent Trends in Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalysis. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201400034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Paul S, Zhu Y, Romain C, Brooks R, Saini PK, Williams CK. Ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP): synthesis and properties of polyesters and polycarbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6459-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This feature article highlights the opportunities presented by ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) as a controlled route to prepare polyesters and polycarbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyeni Paul
- Dept. Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- Dept. Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | | | - Rachel Brooks
- Dept. Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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16
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Hilf J, Scharfenberg M, Poon J, Moers C, Frey H. Aliphatic Polycarbonates Based on Carbon Dioxide, Furfuryl Glycidyl Ether, and Glycidyl Methyl Ether: Reversible Functionalization and Cross-Linking. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:174-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Hilf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Material Science in Mainz; Staudinger Weg 9 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Markus Scharfenberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jeffrey Poon
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christian Moers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Material Science in Mainz; Staudinger Weg 9 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
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18
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Sehlinger A, Schneider R, Meier MAR. Ugi Reactions with CO2
: Access to Functionalized Polyurethanes, Polycarbonates, Polyamides, and Polyhydantoins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1866-71. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Sehlinger
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Rebekka Schneider
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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19
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Nörnberg B, Borchardt E, Luinstra GA, Fromm J. Wood plastic composites from poly(propylene carbonate) and poplar wood flour – Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Wu X, Zhao H, Nörnberg B, Theato P, Luinstra GA. Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyl-Functionalized Poly(propylene carbonate). Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Nörnberg
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit A. Luinstra
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Hilf J, Schulze P, Seiwert J, Frey H. Controlled Synthesis of Multi-Arm Star Polyether-Polycarbonate Polyols Based on Propylene Oxide and CO2. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:198-203. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Hilf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg, 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Material Science in Mainz; Staudinger Weg 9 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Patricia Schulze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg, 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg, 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg, 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
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22
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Hilf J, Schulze P, Frey H. CO2-Based Non-ionic Surfactants: Solvent-Free Synthesis of Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-Poly(propylene carbonate) Block Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Hilf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Patricia Schulze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
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