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Loskutova K, Torras M, Zhao Y, Svagan AJ, Grishenkov D. Cellulose Nanofiber-Coated Perfluoropentane Droplets: Fabrication and Biocompatibility Study. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1835-1847. [PMID: 37051314 PMCID: PMC10085006 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s397626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the effect of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-shelled perfluoropentane (PFP) droplets on the cell viability of 4T1 breast cancer cells with or without the addition of non-encapsulated paclitaxel. Methods The CNF-shelled PFP droplets were produced by mixing a CNF suspension and PFP using a homogenizer. The volume size distribution and concentration of CNF-shelled PFP droplets were estimated from images taken with an optical microscope and analyzed using Fiji software and an in-house Matlab script. The thermal stability was qualitatively assessed by comparing the size distribution and concentration of CNF-shelled PFP droplets at room temperature (~22°) and 37°C. The cell viability of 4T1 cells was measured using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, a hemolysis assay was performed to assess blood compatibility of CNF-shelled PFP droplets. Results The droplet diameter and concentration of CNF-shelled PFP droplets decreased after 48 hours at both room temperature and 37°C. In addition, the decrease in concentration was more significant at 37°C, from 3.50 ± 0.64×106 droplets/mL to 1.94 ± 0.10×106 droplets/mL, than at room temperature, from 3.65 ± 0.29×106 droplets/mL to 2.56 ± 0.22×106 droplets/mL. The 4T1 cell viability decreased with increased exposure time and concentration of paclitaxel, but it was not affected by the presence of CNF-shelled PFP droplets. No hemolysis was observed at any concentration of CNF-shelled PFP droplets. Conclusion CNF-shelled PFP droplets have the potential to be applied as drug carriers in ultrasound-mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Loskutova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, SE-141 57, Sweden
- Correspondence: Ksenia Loskutova, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hälsovägen 11C, Huddinge, SE-14157, Sweden, Tel +46 707 26 76 77, Email
| | - Mar Torras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, SE-141 57, Sweden
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, SE-141 57, Sweden
| | - Anna J Svagan
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Grishenkov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, SE-141 57, Sweden
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Kempin MV, Drews A. Organic Solvent Nanofiltration of Water-in-Oil Pickering Emulsions-What Influences Permeability? MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110864. [PMID: 34832093 PMCID: PMC8618543 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions (PEs) have received increasing interest for their application in catalytic multiphase reactions. Organic solvent nanofiltration of PEs was shown to be a promising procedure for efficient and effective catalyst recycling. In this work, a systematic parameter study to identify the main influencing parameters on PE filtration was conducted for a large variety of PE compositions for the first time. In addition to temperature, only the type of organic solvent significantly influenced the filtration performance, which could be mathematically modeled via a combination of the solution-diffusion and the resistance in the series model. Particle type and concentration, dispersed phase fraction and the presence of reaction (by-)products did not show any significant impact on the permeability. The stirrer speed only became important when emulsions stabilized by particles without the tendency to form 3D network structures were filtered in long-term filtration experiments. These results pave the way towards the application of PE membrane filtration for catalyst recovery in continuous liquid/liquid multiphase reactions and enable broad operation windows. As the mechanical separation of PEs was shown to be a very robust process, the emulsion composition can now be tuned to meet the needs of the reaction without any (significant) loss in filtration performance.
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Kempin MV, Schroeder H, Hohl L, Kraume M, Drews A. Modeling of water-in-oil Pickering emulsion nanofiltration - Influence of temperature. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Adilbekova A, Yertayeva A. Pickering emulsions stabilized by some inorganic materials. CHEMICAL BULLETIN OF KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.15328/cb1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents studies of various solid stabilizers of emulsions based on inorganic materials. Inorganic colloidal particles have an advantage for obtaining of stable emulsions due to their safety for use in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industry and medicine. Pickering emulsions have a higher biodegradability compared to classical emulsions stabilized with surfactants. An overview of inorganic substances such as silicon dioxide, clay materials, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, calcium compounds and carbon particles used for stabilizing of Pickering emulsions is considered. A variety of solid inorganic particles as well as modification of their surfaces by surfactants allows to obtain the stable Pickering emulsions of different types for a wide range of applications. It should be noted that despite a large number of studies, this class of disperse systems is still not studied fully; various methods of their preparation and influence of solid particle size on stability and size of emulsions droplets are shown.
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Stock S, Schlander A, Kempin M, Geisler R, Stehl D, Spanheimer K, Hondow N, Micklethwaite S, Weber A, Schomäcker R, Drews A, Gallei M, von Klitzing R. The quantitative impact of fluid vs. solid interfaces on the catalytic performance of pickering emulsions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2355-2367. [PMID: 33449989 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions (PEs), i.e. particle stabilized emulsions, are used as reaction environments in biphasic catalysis for the hydroformylation of 1-dodecene into tridecanal using the catalyst rhodium (Rh)-sulfoxantphos (SX). The present study connects the knowledge about particle-catalyst interactions and PE structure with the reaction results. It quantifies the efficiency of the catalytic performance of the catalyst localized in the voids between the particles (liquid-liquid interface) and the catalyst adsorbed on the particle surface (liquid-solid interface) using a new numerical approach. First, it is ensured that the overall packing density and geometry at the droplet interface and the size of the water droplets of the resulting w/o PEs are predictable. Second, it is shown that approximately all particles assemble at the droplet surface after emulsion preparation and neither the packing parameter nor the droplet size change with the particle surface charge or size when the total particle cross section is kept constant. Third, studies on the influence of the catalyst on the emulsion structure reveal that irrespective of the particle charge the surface active and negatively charged catalyst Rh-SX reduces the PE droplet size significantly and decreases the particle packing parameter from s = 0.91 (hexagonal packing in 2D) to s = 0.69 (shattered structure). In this latter case, large voids of the free w/o interface form and become covered with the catalyst. With a deep knowledge about the PE structure the reaction efficiencies of the liquid-liquid vs. the solid-liquid interface are quantified. By excluding any other influence factors, it is shown that the activity of the catalyst is the same at the fluid and solid interface and the performance of the reaction is explained by the geometry of the system. After the reaction, the catalyst retention via membrane filtration is shown to be successfully achieved without damaging the emulsions. This enables the continuous recovery of the catalyst, i.e. the most expensive compound in PE-based catalytic reactions, being a crucial criterion for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stock
- Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Influence of particle type and concentration on the ultrafiltration behavior of nanoparticle stabilized Pickering emulsions and suspensions. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kempin M, Schroeder H, Drews A, Kraume M. Organic solvent nanofiltration of water‐in‐oil Pickering emulsions – Impact of organic phase viscosity. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Kempin
- HTW Berlin Fachbereich 2 – Life Science Engineering Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A 12459 Berlin Germany
| | - H. Schroeder
- HTW Berlin Fachbereich 2 – Life Science Engineering Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A 12459 Berlin Germany
| | - A. Drews
- HTW Berlin Fachbereich 2 – Life Science Engineering Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A 12459 Berlin Germany
| | - M. Kraume
- TU Berlin Fachgebiet Verfahrenstechnik Fraunhoferstraße 33–36 10587 Berlin Germany
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Kempin MV, Kraume M, Drews A. W/O Pickering emulsion preparation using a batch rotor-stator mixer - Influence on rheology, drop size distribution and filtration behavior. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:135-149. [PMID: 32278172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Pickering emulsions (PE) are becoming of increasing interest for catalytic multiphase processes. Ultrafiltration of PE is a promising procedure for catalyst recovery to enable continuous processes. Dispersing conditions during production of PE are expected to significantly influence PE characteristics, and control of these properties is essential for robust process design. However, while the impact of PE composition has been studied before, knowledge on dispersing conditions is surprisingly scarce. EXPERIMENTS The influence of dispersing time, speed and emulsion volume during the preparation of PE with an UltraTurrax (2 dispersing tools) on the drop size distribution, rheology, stability and filtration was investigated. FINDINGS In this first systematic study of PE preparation conditions, obtained Sauter mean diameters were correlated with energy density (R2 = 0.80), energy dissipation rate (R2 = 0.85) and tip speed (R2 = 0.86). All emulsions were stable for at least 10 weeks. With increasing tip speed (4-13 m/s), the dynamic viscosity first decreased, passed through a plateau value and then increased again. Filtration of concentrated PE was successful but strong membrane-particle-solvent interactions were revealed. This work contributes to a better understanding of PE properties that are essential for a sound application of PE in continuous multiphase catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maresa Vivien Kempin
- HTW Berlin - University of Applied Sciences, Department II, Process Engineering in Life Science Engineering, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, 12459 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kraume
- TU Berlin, Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering, Fraunhoferstraße 33-36, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anja Drews
- HTW Berlin - University of Applied Sciences, Department II, Process Engineering in Life Science Engineering, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, 12459 Berlin, Germany.
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Heyse A, Kraume M, Drews A. The impact of lipases on the rheological behavior of colloidal silica nanoparticle stabilized Pickering emulsions for biocatalytical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Röhl S, Hohl L, Kempin M, Enders F, Jurtz N, Kraume M. Influence of Different Silica Nanoparticles on Drop Size Distributions in Agitated Liquid‐Liquid Systems. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201900049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Röhl
- Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Germany
| | - Lena Hohl
- Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Germany
| | - Maresa Kempin
- Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Germany
| | - Frauke Enders
- Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Germany
| | - Nico Jurtz
- Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Kraume
- Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Germany
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Continuous two-phase biocatalysis using water-in-oil Pickering emulsions in a membrane reactor: Evaluation of different nanoparticles. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stehl D, Milojević N, Stock S, Schomäcker R, von Klitzing R. Synergistic Effects of a Rhodium Catalyst on Particle-Stabilized Pickering Emulsions for the Hydroformylation of a Long-Chain Olefin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Stehl
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nataša Milojević
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stock
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Impact of enzyme properties on drop size distribution and filtration of water-in-oil Pickering emulsions for application in continuous biocatalysis. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Stehl D, Hohl L, Schmidt M, Hübner J, Lehmann M, Kraume M, Schomäcker R, von Klitzing R. Characteristics of Stable Pickering Emulsions under Process Conditions. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hohl L, Röhl S, Stehl D, von Klitzing R, Kraume M. Influence of Nanoparticles and Drop Size Distributions on the Rheology of w/o Pickering Emulsions. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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