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Chen K, Shi X, Zhang Z, Chen S, Ma J, Zheng T, Alfonso L. Using unsupervised learning to classify inlet water for more stable design of water reuse in industrial parks. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:1757-1770. [PMID: 38619901 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The water reuse facilities of industrial parks face the challenge of managing a growing variety of wastewater sources as their inlet water. Typically, this clustering outcome is designed by engineers with extensive expertise. This paper presents an innovative application of unsupervised learning methods to classify inlet water in Chinese water reuse stations, aiming to reduce reliance on engineer experience. The concept of 'water quality distance' was incorporated into three unsupervised learning clustering algorithms (K-means, DBSCAN, and AGNES), which were validated through six case studies. Of the six cases, three were employed to illustrate the feasibility of the unsupervised learning clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the clustering algorithm exhibited greater stability and excellence compared to both artificial clustering and ChatGPT-based clustering. The remaining three cases were utilized to showcase the reliability of the three clustering algorithms. The findings revealed that the AGNES algorithm demonstrated superior potential application ability. The average purity in six cases of K-means, DBSCAN, and AGNES were 0.947, 0.852, and 0.955, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Suzhou Sujing Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, 2 Weixin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Suzhou Sujing Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, 2 Weixin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Suzhou Sujing Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, 2 Weixin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China E-mail:
| | - Leonardo Alfonso
- IHE Delft Institute of Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands
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2
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Jin H, Ma Q, Dou T, Jin S, Jiang L. Raman Spectroscopy of Emulsions and Emulsion Chemistry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37393560 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2228411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Emulsions are dispersed systems widely used in various industries. In recent years, Raman spectroscopy (RS), as a spectroscopic technique, has gained much attention for measuring and monitoring emulsions. In this review, we explore the use of RS on emulsion structures and emulsification, important reactions that use emulsions such as emulsion polymerization, catalysis and cascading reactions, as well as various applications of emulsions. We explore how RS is used in emulsions, reactions and applications. RS is a powerful and versatile tool for studying emulsions, but there are also challenges in using RS to monitor emulsion processes, especially if they are rapid or volatile. We also explore these challenges and difficulties, as well as possible designs that can be used to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhou Jin
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qifei Ma
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou China
- Key Lab of Zhejiang Province on Modern Measurement Technology and Instruments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Dou
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou China
- Key Lab of Zhejiang Province on Modern Measurement Technology and Instruments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangzhong Jin
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou China
- Key Lab of Zhejiang Province on Modern Measurement Technology and Instruments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou China
- Key Lab of Zhejiang Province on Modern Measurement Technology and Instruments, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Aguirre M, Ballard N, Gonzalez E, Hamzehlou S, Sardon H, Calderon M, Paulis M, Tomovska R, Dupin D, Bean RH, Long TE, Leiza JR, Asua JM. Polymer Colloids: Current Challenges, Emerging Applications, and New Developments. Macromolecules 2023; 56:2579-2607. [PMID: 37066026 PMCID: PMC10101531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymer colloids are complex materials that have the potential to be used in a vast array of applications. One of the main reasons for their continued growth in commercial use is the water-based emulsion polymerization process through which they are generally synthesized. This technique is not only highly efficient from an industrial point of view but also extremely versatile and permits the large-scale production of colloidal particles with controllable properties. In this perspective, we seek to highlight the central challenges in the synthesis and use of polymer colloids, with respect to both existing and emerging applications. We first address the challenges in the current production and application of polymer colloids, with a particular focus on the transition toward sustainable feedstocks and reduced environmental impact in their primary commercial applications. Later, we highlight the features that allow novel polymer colloids to be designed and applied in emerging application areas. Finally, we present recent approaches that have used the unique colloidal nature in unconventional processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Aguirre
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Edurne Gonzalez
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Shaghayegh Hamzehlou
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marcelo Calderon
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria Paulis
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Damien Dupin
- CIDETEC,
Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, P° Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ren H. Bean
- Biodesign
Institute, Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing
(SM3), School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona
State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Biodesign
Institute, Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing
(SM3), School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona
State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Jose R. Leiza
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT,
Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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4
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Faust JMM, Gerlinger W, Naeem O, Mhamdi A, Mitsos A. Inline Raman Spectroscopy of an Emulsion Copolymerization in an Industrial Pilot Plant Using Indirect Hard Modeling. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M. M. Faust
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Process Systems Engineering Forckenbeck Straße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - Adel Mhamdi
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Process Systems Engineering Forckenbeck Straße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Process Systems Engineering Forckenbeck Straße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
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6
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Marien YW, Van Steenberge PHM, Pich A, D'hooge DR. Coupled stochastic simulation of the chain length and particle size distribution in miniemulsion radical copolymerization of styrene and N-vinylcaprolactam. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic Monte Carlo modeling is applied for the coupled simulation of the chain length and particle size distribution in isothermal batch miniemulsion copolymerization of styrene and N-vinylcaprolactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V
| | | | - Andrij Pich
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
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