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Qureshi SS, Nizamuddin S, Xu J, Vancov T, Chen C. Cellulose nanocrystals from agriculture and forestry biomass: synthesis methods, characterization and industrial applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-35127-3. [PMID: 39340607 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural and forestry biomass wastes, often discarded or burned without adequate management, lead to significant environmental harm. However, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), derived from such biomass, have emerged as highly promising materials due to their unique properties, including high tensile strength, large surface area, biocompatibility, and renewability. This review provides a detailed analysis of the lignocellulosic composition, as well as the elemental and proximate analysis of different biomass sources. These assessments help determine the yield and characteristics of CNCs. Detailed discussion of CNC synthesis methods -ranging from biomass pretreatment to hydrolysis techniques such as acid, mineral, solid acid, ionic liquid, and enzymatic methods-are provided. The key physical, chemical, and thermal properties of CNCs are also highlighted, particularly in relation to their industrial applications. Recommendations for future research emphasize the need to optimize CNC synthesis processes, identify suitable biomass feedstocks, and explore new industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Saeed Qureshi
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sabzoi Nizamuddin
- Water Regulation Division, Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water (GWMWater) Corporation, Horsham, Victoria, 3400, Australia
| | - Jia Xu
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Vancov
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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D'Acierno F, Capron I. Modulation of surface properties of cellulose nanocrystals through adsorption of tannic acid and alkyl cellulose derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121159. [PMID: 37567688 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are hydrophilic nanoparticles that cannot be dispersed in non-polar solvents or hydrophobic polymer matrices. Here, we demonstrate the tunable modification of CNC surfaces by physical adsorption of tannic acid (TA) and two alkyl cellulose derivatives (ACDs), methyl cellulose (MC) and ethyl cellulose (EC), while maintaining their sustainable nature. We compare the impact of ACD adsorption when mixed with CNCs to CNCs precoated with tannic acid (CNC@TA), varying ACD weight fractions in CNC suspensions. Our results show that CNC@ACD and CNC@TA@ACD aqueous suspensions display good colloidal stability in water, while their surface properties are altered. We use a wide range of analytical techniques to characterize these suspensions, with a focus on their interaction with water. The two selected ACDs adsorb on both CNCs and CNC@TA at low fractions (ACD ≤ 10 % w/w), followed by an intermediate region of saturation between 10 % and 30 % w/w. At fractions above 30 % w/w, we observe the formation of CNC- or CNC@TA-reinforced ACD composites. Most samples can be redispersed in water upon freeze-drying, except for EC-rich samples redispersible in toluene. Our facile method for preparing ACD-coated CNCs allows for the creation of a range of nanomaterials with modulable wetting and emulsification properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Acierno
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRAE, F-44316 Nantes, France.
| | - Isabelle Capron
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRAE, F-44316 Nantes, France.
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Durmaz E, Sertkaya S, Yilmaz H, Olgun C, Ozcelik O, Tozluoglu A, Candan Z. Lignocellulosic Bionanomaterials for Biosensor Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1450. [PMID: 37512761 PMCID: PMC10384395 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid population growth, increasing global energy demand, climate change, and excessive use of fossil fuels have adversely affected environmental management and sustainability. Furthermore, the requirements for a safer ecology and environment have necessitated the use of renewable materials, thereby solving the problem of sustainability of resources. In this perspective, lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive natural resource because of its abundance, renewability, recyclability, and low cost. The ever-increasing developments in nanotechnology have opened up new vistas in sensor fabrication such as biosensor design for electronics, communication, automobile, optical products, packaging, textile, biomedical, and tissue engineering. Due to their outstanding properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, improved electrical and thermal conductivity, high physical and mechanical properties, high surface area and catalytic activity, lignocellulosic bionanomaterials including nanocellulose and nanolignin emerge as very promising raw materials to be used in the development of high-impact biosensors. In this article, the use of lignocellulosic bionanomaterials in biosensor applications is reviewed and major challenges and opportunities are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Durmaz
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37200 Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Selva Sertkaya
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Duzce University, 81620 Duzce, Turkey
| | - Hande Yilmaz
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Duzce University, 81620 Duzce, Turkey
| | - Cagri Olgun
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37200 Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ozcelik
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Tozluoglu
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Duzce University, 81620 Duzce, Turkey
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group & BioNanoTeam, 34473 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeki Candan
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group & BioNanoTeam, 34473 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, 34473 Istanbul, Turkey
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Pradhan D, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Emerging technologies for the production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Stolz J, Oguzlu H, Khalili Z, Boluk Y. Exploring the gelation of aqueous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) mixtures. RHEOLOGICA ACTA 2021; 60:483-495. [PMID: 34720210 PMCID: PMC8550106 DOI: 10.1007/s00397-021-01285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the gelation and microstructure of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in nonionic hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) solutions. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with a particle length of 90 nm and width of 8 nm currently produced by acid hydrolysis of wood pulp were used in this study. The microstructures of CNCs/polymer suspensions were investigated by performing linear small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) and nonlinear large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), in addition to constructing CNCs phase diagrams and measuring steady-state shear viscosities. Significant viscosity increases at low shear rates coupled with high shear thinning behaviors were observed in CNCs in HEC solutions above the overlapping concentration of HEC. The physical strength of CNCs/HEC solution gels increased with the increase in CNCs concentration and resembled the weakly crosslinked gels according to the scaling of linear dynamic mechanical experiments. According to LAOS analysis, CNCs/HEC mixtures showed type III behavior with intercycle stress softening, while the samples showed stress stiffening in single cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stolz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
- Present Address: Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Zahra Khalili
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
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Koshani R, Tavakolian M, van de Ven TGM. Cellulose-based dispersants and flocculants. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10502-10526. [PMID: 33136107 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural dispersants and flocculants, often referred to as dispersion stabilizers and liquid-solid separators, respectively, have secured a promising role in the bioprocessing community. They have various applications, including in biomedicine and in environmental remediation. A large fraction of existing dispersants and flocculants are synthesized from non-safe chemical compounds such as polyacrylamide and surfactants. Despite numerous advantages of synthetic dispersants and flocculants, issues such as renewability, sustainability, biocompatibility, and cost efficiency have shifted attention towards natural homologues, in particular, cellulose-based ones. Within the past decade, cellulose derivatives, obtained via chemical and mechanical treatments of cellulose fibrils, have successfully been used for these purposes. In this review article, by dividing the functional cellulosic compounds into "polymeric" and "nanoscale" categories, we provide insight into the engineering pathways, the structural frameworks, and surface chemistry of these "green" types of dispersants and flocculants. A summary of their efficiency and the controlling parameters is also accompanied by recent advances in their applications in each section. We are confident that the emergence of cellulose-based dispersing and flocculating agents will extend the boundaries of sustainable green technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Koshani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada. and Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Mandana Tavakolian
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada. and Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Theo G M van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada. and Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.
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Thomas P, Duolikun T, Rumjit NP, Moosavi S, Lai CW, Bin Johan MR, Fen LB. Comprehensive review on nanocellulose: Recent developments, challenges and future prospects. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Souza SF, Mariano M, De Farias MA, Bernardes JS. Effect of depletion forces on the morphological structure of carboxymethyl cellulose and micro/nano cellulose fiber suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 538:228-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Larachi F, Garnier A. Preface of the 66 thCanadian Chemical Engineering Conference: “Sustainability and Prosperity”. CAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faïçal Larachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Université Laval; Québec QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Alain Garnier
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Université Laval; Québec QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
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