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Wilding CYP, Knox ST, Bourne RA, Warren NJ. Development and Experimental Validation of a Dispersity Model for In Silico RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2023; 56:1581-1591. [PMID: 36874531 PMCID: PMC9979647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of computational techniques to predict the outcome of chemical reactions is becoming commonplace, enabling a reduction in the number of physical experiments required to optimize a reaction. Here, we adapt and combine models for polymerization kinetics and molar mass dispersity as a function of conversion for reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) solution polymerization, including the introduction of a novel expression accounting for termination. A flow reactor operating under isothermal conditions was used to experimentally validate the models for the RAFT polymerization of dimethyl acrylamide with an additional term to accommodate the effect of residence time distribution. Further validation is conducted in a batch reactor, where a previously recorded in situ temperature monitoring provides the ability to model the system under more representative batch conditions, accounting for slow heat transfer and the observed exotherm. The model also shows agreement with several literature examples of the RAFT polymerization of acrylamide and acrylate monomers in batch reactors. In principle, the model not only provides a tool for polymer chemists to estimate ideal conditions for a polymerization, but it can also automatically define the initial parameter space for exploration by computationally controlled reactor platforms provided a reliable estimation of rate constants is available. The model is compiled into an easily accessible application to enable simulation of RAFT polymerization of several monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Y P Wilding
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.,Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
| | - Stephen T Knox
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.,Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
| | - Richard A Bourne
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.,Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.,Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
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2
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Mkpuma VO, Moheimani NR, Fischer K, Schulze A, Ennaceri H. Membrane surface zwitterionization for an efficient microalgal harvesting: A review. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mehrotra AK, Soares JBP, Nandakumar K, Carreau PJ, Epstein N, Patience GS. A perspective on The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering commemorating its 100th volume: 1929‐2021. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Mehrotra
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary 2100 University Dr, NW Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - João B. P. Soares
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta 116 St & 85 Ave Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Pierre J. Carreau
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, H3C 3A7 Québec Canada
| | - Norman Epstein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver Campus 2360 East Mall British Columbia Canada
| | - Gregory S. Patience
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, H3C 3A7 Québec Canada
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Gibson HW, Rouser MA, Schoonover DV. Synthesis of Bottlebrush Copolymers Using a Polypseudorotaxane Intermediate. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Mason A. Rouser
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Daniel V. Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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Li Q, Lu Z, Yang H, Cai J, Yin X, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Hou L. Photoinduced organocatalyzed controlled radical polymerization feasible over a wide range of wavelengths. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We successfully synthesized a catalyst with a wide absorption range (300–1000 nm) for controlled radical polymerization of PEGMA in aqueous solution and MMA in bulk under the irradiation of white, blue, green, red, and NIR LED light, and sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Li
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Cai
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Yin
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Yulai Zhao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Longqiang Xiao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
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Bami MS, Raeisi Estabragh MA, Khazaeli P, Ohadi M, Dehghannoudeh G. pH-responsive drug delivery systems as intelligent carriers for targeted drug therapy: Brief history, properties, synthesis, mechanism and application. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liyanage S, Acharya S, Parajuli P, Shamshina JL, Abidi N. Production and Surface Modification of Cellulose Bioproducts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3433. [PMID: 34641248 PMCID: PMC8512298 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum-based synthetic plastics play an important role in our life. As the detrimental health and environmental effects of synthetic plastics continue to increase, the renewable, degradable and recyclable properties of cellulose make subsequent products the "preferred environmentally friendly" alternatives, with a small carbon footprint. Despite the fact that the bioplastic industry is growing rapidly with many innovative discoveries, cellulose-based bioproducts in their natural state face challenges in replacing synthetic plastics. These challenges include scalability issues, high cost of production, and most importantly, limited functionality of cellulosic materials. However, in order for cellulosic materials to be able to compete with synthetic plastics, they must possess properties adequate for the end use and meet performance expectations. In this regard, surface modification of pre-made cellulosic materials preserves the chemical profile of cellulose, its mechanical properties, and biodegradability, while diversifying its possible applications. The review covers numerous techniques for surface functionalization of materials prepared from cellulose such as plasma treatment, surface grafting (including RDRP methods), and chemical vapor and atomic layer deposition techniques. The review also highlights purposeful development of new cellulosic architectures and their utilization, with a specific focus on cellulosic hydrogels, aerogels, beads, membranes, and nanomaterials. The judicious choice of material architecture combined with a specific surface functionalization method will allow us to take full advantage of the polymer's biocompatibility and biodegradability and improve existing and target novel applications of cellulose, such as proteins and antibodies immobilization, enantiomers separation, and composites preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noureddine Abidi
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-5019, USA; (S.L.); (S.A.); (P.P.); (J.L.S.)
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Improving Recycled Poly(lactic Acid) Biopolymer Properties by Chain Extension Using Block Copolymers Synthesized by Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162791. [PMID: 34451329 PMCID: PMC8398105 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this contribution is to assess the use poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate-b-styrene) copolymers synthesized by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) as chain extenders in the recycling of poly(lactic acid) biopolyester. Concisely, the addition of such block copolymers during the melt processing of recycled poly(lactic acid) (rPLA) leads to important increases in the viscosity average molecular weight of modified polymeric materials. Molar masses increase from 31,000 g/mol for rPLA to 48,000 g mol-1 for the resulting rPLA/copolymer blends (bPLA). Fortuitously, this last value is nearly the same as the one for pristine PLA, which constitutes a first piece of evidence of the molar mass increase of the recycled biopolymer. Thermograms of chain extended rPLA show significant decreases in cold crystallization temperature and higher crystallinity degrees due to the chain extension process using NMP-synthesized copolymers. It was found that increasing epoxide content in the NMP-synthesized copolymers leads to increased degrees of crystallinity and lower cold crystallization temperatures. The rheological appraisal has shown that the addition of NMP synthesized copolymers markedly increases complex viscosity and elastic modulus of rPLA. Our results indicate that P(S-co-GMA)-b-S) copolymers act as efficient chain extenders of rPLA, likely due to the reaction between the epoxy groups present in P(S-co-GMA)-b-PS and the carboxyl acid groups present in rPLA. This reaction positively affects viscometric molar mass of PLA and its performance.
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Issue Highlights. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dong X, Wang L, He Y, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Qiao X, Shi G, Pang X. Simple and robust nitroxide-mediated polymerization with oxygen tolerance. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Without traditional degassing operation, the resultant NMP with Dispolreg 007 as the alkoxyamine initiator exhibited similar living and control behavior as the one performed under degassing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linan Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanjie He
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Minying Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Materials Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, P. R. China, 451191
| | - Ge Shi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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