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Beckley JT, Aman TK, Ackley MA, Kazdoba TM, Lewis MC, Smith AC, Farley BJ, Dai J, Deats W, Hoffmann E, Robichaud AJ, Doherty JJ, Quirk MC. Pharmacological characterization of SAGE-718, a novel positive allosteric modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1028-1050. [PMID: 37698384 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Select neuroactive steroids tune neural activity by modulating excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, including the endogenous cholesterol metabolite 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)-HC), which is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM). NMDA receptor PAMs are potentially an effective pharmacotherapeutic strategy to treat conditions associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological recording experiments and behavioural approaches, we evaluated the effect of SAGE-718, a novel neuroactive steroid NMDA receptor PAM currently in clinical development for the treatment of cognitive impairment, on NMDA receptor function and endpoints that are altered by NMDA receptor hypoactivity and assessed its safety profile. KEY RESULTS SAGE-718 potentiated GluN1/GluN2A-D NMDA receptors with equipotency and increased NMDA receptor excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude without affecting decay kinetics in striatal medium spiny neurons. SAGE-718 increased the rate of unblock of the NMDA receptor open channel blocker ketamine on GluN1/GluN2A in vitro and accelerated the rate of return on the ketamine-evoked increase in gamma frequency band power, as measured with electroencephalogram (EEG), suggesting that PAM activity is driven by increased channel open probability. SAGE-718 ameliorated deficits due to NMDA receptor hypofunction, including social deficits induced by subchronic administration of phencyclidine, and behavioural and electrophysiological deficits from cholesterol and 24(S)-HC depletion caused by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase inhibition. Finally, SAGE-718 did not produce epileptiform activity in a seizure model or neurodegeneration following chronic dosing. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings provide strong evidence that SAGE-718 is a neuroactive steroid NMDA receptor PAM with a mechanism that is well suited as a treatment for conditions associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa K Aman
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne C Smith
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jing Dai
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wayne Deats
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhan N, Wang B, Martens N, Liu Y, Zhao S, Voortman G, van Rooij J, Leijten F, Vanmierlo T, Kuipers F, Jonker JW, Bloks VW, Lütjohann D, Palumbo M, Zimetti F, Adorni MP, Liu H, Mulder MT. Identification of Side Chain Oxidized Sterols as Novel Liver X Receptor Agonists with Therapeutic Potential in the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021290. [PMID: 36674804 PMCID: PMC9863018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors-liver X receptors (LXR α and β) are potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases because of their key role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Specific oxy(phyto)sterols differentially modulate the transcriptional activity of LXRs providing opportunities to develop compounds with improved therapeutic characteristics. We isolated oxyphytosterols from Sargassum fusiforme and synthesized sidechain oxidized sterol derivatives. Five 24-oxidized sterols demonstrated a high potency for LXRα/β activation in luciferase reporter assays and induction of LXR-target genes APOE, ABCA1 and ABCG1 involved in cellular cholesterol turnover in cultured cells: methyl 3β-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oate (S1), methyl (3β)-3-aldehydeoxychol-5-en-24-oate (S2), 24-ketocholesterol (S6), (3β,22E)-3-hydroxycholesta-5,22-dien-24-one (N10) and fucosterol-24,28 epoxide (N12). These compounds induced SREBF1 but not SREBP1c-mediated lipogenic genes such as SCD1, ACACA and FASN in HepG2 cells or astrocytoma cells. Moreover, S2 and S6 enhanced cholesterol efflux from HepG2 cells. All five oxysterols induced production of the endogenous LXR agonists 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol by upregulating the CYP46A1, encoding the enzyme converting cholesterol into 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol; S1 and S6 may also act via the upregulation of desmosterol production. Thus, we identified five novel LXR-activating 24-oxidized sterols with a potential for therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Nikita Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Yankai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shangge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Gardi Voortman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Leijten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W. Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcella Palumbo
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Monique T. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (M.T.M.)
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Shibuya K, Watanabe T, Urano Y, Takabe W, Noguchi N, Kitagishi H. Synthesis of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol esters responsible for the induction of neuronal cell death. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2559-2566. [PMID: 27117262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized several candidates of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) esters, which are involved in neuronal cell death, through catalysis with acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1). We studied the regioselectivity of the acylation of the secondary alcohol at the 3- or 24-position of 24S-OHC. The appropriate saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids were esterified with the protected 24S-OHC and then de-protected to afford the desired esters at a satisfactory yield. We then confirmed by HPLC monitoring that the retention times of four esters of 24S-OHC, namely 3-oleate, 3-linoleate, 3-arachidonoate and 3-docosahexaenoate, were consistent with those of 24S-OHC esters observed in 24S-OHC-treated SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyuki Shibuya
- Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd, 2-17-43, Noguchicho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0022, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd, 2-17-43, Noguchicho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0022, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Urano
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Wakako Takabe
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
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Zhao Q, Qian C, Chen XZ. A highly stereoselective synthesis of C-24 and C-25 oxysterols from desmosterol. Steroids 2016; 109:16-21. [PMID: 26968128 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new highly stereoselective construction of the side chain of the C-24 and C-25 oxysterols has been achieved by using desmosterol acetate as the starting material and an improved Sharpless catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation with 100% d.e. (diastereomeric excess) as the key step. The result is much better than the usual asymmetric dihydroxylation procedure. t-Butyl nitrite/2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxyl radical/FeCl3 catalyst system was developed to activate molecular oxygen for the aerobic oxidation of 24-hydroxycholesterol and the 24-ketocholesterol was obtained in 86.2% yield. The oxidation system has never been reported before. The mechanism for the catalytic aerobic oxidation was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Byrd KM, Arieno MD, Kennelly ME, Estiu G, Wiest O, Helquist P. Design and synthesis of a crosslinker for studying intracellular steroid trafficking pathways. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3843-51. [PMID: 25890696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A crosslinker was designed and synthesized as a molecular tool for potential use in probing the intracellular trafficking pathways of steroids. The design was guided by computational modeling based upon a model for the transfer of cholesterol between two proteins, NPC1 and NPC2. These proteins play critical roles in the transport of low-density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol from the lumen of lysosomes to other subcellular compartments. Two modified cholesterol residues were covalently joined by a tether based on molecular modeling of the transient interaction of NPC1 and NPC2 during the transfer of cholesterol from the binding site of one of these proteins to the other. With two cholesterol molecules appropriately connected, we hypothesize that the cholesterol binding sites of both proteins will be simultaneously occupied in a manner that will stabilize the protein-protein interaction to permit detailed structural analysis of the resulting complex. A photoaffinity label has also been introduced into one of the cholesterol cores to permit covalent attachment of one of the units into its respective protein-binding pocket. The basic design of these crosslinkers should render them useful for examining interactions of the NPC1/NPC2 pair as well as other sterol transport proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Byrd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Marcus D Arieno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Megan E Kennelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Guillermina Estiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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Antonchick AV, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA. Synthesis of sterols oxygenated in the terminal fragment of their side chains. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162008040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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