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Iron/B2pin2 catalytic system enables the generation of alkyl radicals from inert alkyl C-O bonds for amine synthesis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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2
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Ni H, Li C, Shi X, Hu X, Mao H. Visible-Light-Promoted Fe(III)-Catalyzed N-H Alkylation of Amides and N-Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9797-9805. [PMID: 35857034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the radical chemistry of ligand-to-metal charge transfer with metal catalysis by a single iron salt helps to realize the visible-light-promoted N-H alkylation of amides and N-heterocycles. A wide variety of amides and nitrogen-containing heterocycles were tolerated in our protocol to give N-alkylated products. The applicability of this protocol was further demonstrated by late-stage alkylation of N-H-containing pharmaceuticals. Moreover, N-H-alkylated α-amino tetrahydrofurans could be transformed into versatile ring-opened amino alcohols under reducing conditions. A mechanistic study revealed that hydrogen atom transfer by a tert-butoxyl radical and a chlorine radical was responsible for the activation of C(sp3)-H precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangcheng Ni
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China.,Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoming Li
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzi Shi
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyue Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
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3
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Song YL, Li B, Xie ZB, Wang D, Sun HM. Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Amination of Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Bonds with Anilines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17975-17985. [PMID: 34860531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed oxidative amination of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds with anilines bearing electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) or electron-donating groups (EDGs) is realized based on simple variations of N-substituents on imidazolium cations in novel ionic Fe(III) complexes. The structural modification of the imidazolium cation resulted in regulation of the redox potential and the catalytic performance of the iron metal center. Using DTBP as oxidant, [HItBu][FeBr4] showed the highest catalytic activity for anilines bearing EWGs, while [HIPym][FeBr4] was more efficient for EDG-substituted anilines. This work provides alternative access to benzylamines with the advantages of both a wide substrate scope and iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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4
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Stiniya S, Saranya PV, Anilkumar G. An overview of iron‐catalyzed N‐alkylation reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stiniya
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | | | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC) Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS) Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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6
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Han Y, Li G, Liu L, Dai C, Shi DQ, Zhao Y. The protecting group enabled para-selective C–H benzylation of anilides via iron( ii) catalysis: a convenient approach for the synthesis of triarylmethanes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00402b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the para-selective C–H benzylation of phenyl carbamate with an iron(ii) catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical
- Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Guobao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical
- Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Lingling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical
- Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Chenyang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical
- Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Da-Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical
- Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical
- Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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Faisca Phillips AM, Pombeiro AJL. Recent Developments in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of Ethers and Thioethers. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Faisca Phillips
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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Lakshman MK, Vuram PK. Cross-dehydrogenative coupling and oxidative-amination reactions of ethers and alcohols with aromatics and heteroaromatics. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5845-5888. [PMID: 28970941 PMCID: PMC5618789 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a perspective on cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions of aromatic and heteroaromatic systems with ethers and alcohols via metal or organic catalysis, and through uncatalyzed means, leading to C–C and C–N bond formation.
Cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) is a process in which, typically, a C–C bond is formed at the expense of two C–H bonds, either catalyzed by metals or other organic compounds, or via uncatalyzed processes. In this perspective, we present various modes of C–H bond-activation at sp3 centers adjacent to ether oxygen atoms, followed by C–C bond formation with aromatic systems as well as with heteroaromatic systems. C–N bond-formation with NH-containing heteroaromatics, leading to hemiaminal ethers, is also an event that can occur analogously to C–C bond formation, but at the expense of C–H and N–H bonds. A large variety of hemiaminal ether-forming reactions have recently appeared in the literature and this perspective also includes this complementary chemistry. In addition, the participation of C–H bonds in alcohols in such processes is also described. Facile access to a wide range of compounds can be attained through these processes, rendering such reactions useful for synthetic applications via Csp3 bond activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh K Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry , The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue , New York 10031 , USA . .,The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry , The Graduate Center of The City University of New York , New York 10016 , USA
| | - Prasanna K Vuram
- Department of Chemistry , The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue , New York 10031 , USA .
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Lu B, Zhu F, Sun HM, Shen Q. Esterification of the Primary Benzylic C–H Bonds with Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by Ionic Iron(III) Complexes Containing an Imidazolinium Cation. Org Lett 2017; 19:1132-1135. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chenistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chenistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chenistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qi Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chenistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Fe-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:38. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Singh MK, Akula HK, Satishkumar S, Stahl L, Lakshman MK. Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation Approach to Azolyl Aminals and Hemiaminal Ethers, Mechanistic Evaluations, and Isomer Interconversion. ACS Catal 2016; 6:1921-1928. [PMID: 27563492 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C(sp3)-N bond-forming reactions between benzotriazole and 5,6-dimethylbenzotriazole with N-methylpyrrolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, and isochroman have been conducted using RuCl3•3H2O/t-BuOOH in 1,2-dichloroethane. In all cases, N1 and N2 alkylation products were obtained, and these are readily separated by chromatography. One of these products, 1-(isochroman-1-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole, was examined by X-ray crystallography. It is the first such compound to be analyzed by this method, and notably, the benzotriazolyl moiety is quasi-axially disposed, consistent with the anomeric effect. This has plausible consequences, not observed previously. In contrast to other hemiaminal ether-forming reactions, which proceed via radicals, this Ru-catalyzed process is not suppressed in the presence of a radical inhibitor. Therefore, an oxoruthenium-species-mediated rapid formation of an oxocarbenium intermediate is believed to occur. In the radical-trapping experiment, previously unknown products containing both the benzotriazole and the TEMPO unit have been identified. In these products, it is likely that the benzotriazole is introduced via a Ru-catalyzed C-N bond formation, whereas C-O bond-formation with TEMPO occurs via a radical reaction. We show that reactions of THF with TEMPO are influenced by ambient light. A competitive reaction of THF and THF-d8 with benzotriazole indicated that C-H bond cleavage occurs ca. 5 times faster than C-D cleavage. This is comparable to other metal-mediated radical reactions of THF, but lower than that observed for a reaction catalyzed by n-Bu4N+I-. Detailed mechanistic experiments and comparisons are described. The catalytic system was also evaluated for reactions of benzimidazole, imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, and 1,2,3-triazole with THF, and successful reactions were achieved in each case. In the course of our studies, we discovered an unexpected but significant isomerization of some of the benzotriazolyl hemiaminal ethers. This is plausibly attributable to the pseudoaxial orientation of the heterocycle in the products and the stability of oxocarbenium ions, both of which can contribute to C-N bond cleavage and reformation. Predominantly, the N2-isomers rearrange to the N1-isomers even upon storage at low temperature! This previously unknown phenomenon has also been studied and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Hari K. Akula
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Sakilam Satishkumar
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Lothar Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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13
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Shi W, Shi Z. Palladium-Catalyzed 2H-1,2,3-Triazole-Directed Oxidative Alkoxylation of Arenes with Alcohols. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Yuan H, Chen Y, Song J, Chen C, Chen B. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles from 2-Iodoanilines and Amides. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201300429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Maes J, Rauws TRM, Maes BUW. Synthesis of C8N9 Annulated Purines by Iron-Catalyzed CH Amination. Chemistry 2013; 19:9137-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen Y, Guo S, Li K, Qu J, Yuan H, Hua Q, Chen B. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Denitrogenative C-3-Arylation of 1H-Indoles with Arylhydrazines using Air as the Oxidant. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ma X, Lei Y, Chen Z. Theoretical Study on the Dissociation of Ligands in the Rhodium and Iridium Complexes Containing 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoroacetylacetonato. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201201107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li Y, Cao L, Luo X, Deng W. Highly Substituted Cyclopentenes Formation via a Stereoselective Tandem CDC Reaction and Cyclization. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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