The Research Status and Prospects of Floccularia luteovirens: A Mycorrhizal Fungus with Edible Fruiting Bodies

Floccularia luteovirens, a rare wild edible and medicinal fungus, is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. However, attempts to artificially domesticate this species have not been successful, resulting in extremely limited utilization of this valuable resource. This paper presents the geographical distribution of F. luteovirens, along with its ecological and biological characteristics. It explores population relations, symbiotic relationships, soil microbial community relations, fruiting body occurrence conditions, nutritional metabolism, and reproductive patterns. The cultivation techniques, as well as the edible and medicinal value of this mushroom, are also reviewed. Through an overall analysis of the physiological characteristics and current research status of F. luteovirens, the paper discusses its development prospects. The aim is to provide a reference for other researchers and promote its artificial domestication, resource development, and utilization.

Recent Advances in the DNA-Mediated Multi-Mode Analytical Methods for Biological Samples

DNA-mediated nanotechnology has become a research hot spot in recent decades and is widely used in the field of biosensing analysis due to its distinctive properties of precise programmability, easy synthesis and high stability. Multi-mode analytical methods can provide sensitive, accurate and complementary analytical information by merging two or more detection techniques with higher analytical throughput and efficiency. Currently, the development of DNA-mediated multi-mode analytical methods by integrating DNA-mediated nanotechnology with multi-mode analytical methods has been proved to be an effective assay for greatly enhancing the selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy, as well as detection throughput, for complex biological analysis. In this paper, the recent progress in the preparation of typical DNA-mediated multi-mode probes is reviewed from the aspect of deoxyribozyme, aptamer, templated-DNA and G-quadruplex-mediated strategies. Then, the advances in DNA-mediated multi-mode analytical methods for biological samples are summarized in detail. Moreover, the corresponding current applications for biomarker analysis, bioimaging analysis and biological monitoring are introduced. Finally, a proper summary is given and future prospective trends are discussed, hopefully providing useful information to the readers in this research field.

Research Progress of Nanomaterial Mechanics for Targeted Treatment of Muscle Strains in Sports Rehabilitation Training

More and more people are beginning to recognize the important role of intelligent rehabilitation training equipment in rehabilitation treatment and continue to carry out related researches. The use of intelligent robot technology for rehabilitation treatment has been rapidly developed, and it has achieved rapid progress on a global scale. Especially in some developed countries, this field has also received corresponding attention in some developed cities in China in recent years. Mesoporous nanomaterials have unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Mesoporous nanomaterials can be combined with chemotherapy drugs to minimize the harm caused by chemotherapy drugs to the human body and improve the therapeutic effect. As a result, the cure rate has been improved, and it has shown deep potential in breast cancer chemotherapy. Fifty breast cancer patients were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, each with 25 cases. The control group was treated with conventional chemotherapeutics, and the experimental group was treated with molecular targeted therapy to compare the treatment effects of the two groups. Studies have shown that the recurrence rate and the occurrence probability of complications in the experimental group are significantly lower than those in the control group. Molecular targeted therapy for breast cancer has obvious effects, which reduces the recurrence rate of complications or diseases, and is less toxic.

Nonenzymatic Target-Driven DNA Nanomachine for Monitoring Malathion Contamination in Living Cells and Bioaccumulation in Foods

Intensive applications of toxic malathion pesticides bring a vital threat to the environment and health. Hence, a credible and sensitive strategy is urgently needed for the respective detection of malathion. In this work, an aptamer-based nonenzymatic autonomous DNA walking machine was fabricated for monitoring trace malathion contamination in cells and foods. Along with the machine walking driven by malathion-triggered reaction entropy, multiple fluorescent signal outputs were thermodynamically generated for signal amplification. The proposed stable DNA nanomachine achieved satisfactory results with a detection limit of 81.9 pg L^-1 for testing malathion, which could be applied to actual samples including apple juice, paddy water, and paddy soil. Furthermore, the high stability, sensitivity, and biocompatibility of the nanomachine enabled monitoring of the malathion contamination in living cells and bioaccumulation in lettuce without additional purification. Consequently, with these excellent performances, it is strongly anticipated that the DNA walking machine has tremendous potential to be extended to general platforms against pesticides to avoid malathion-contaminated agricultural production for environmental safety and human health.

Casting of Gold Nanoparticles with High Aspect Ratios inside DNA Molds

DNA nanostructures provide a powerful platform for the programmable assembly of nanomaterials. Here this approach is extended to synthesize rod-like gold nanoparticles in a full DNA controlled manner. The approach is based on DNA molds containing elongated cavities. Gold is deposited inside the molds using a seeded-growth procedure. By carefully exploring the growth parameters it is shown that gold nanostructures with aspect ratios of up to 7 can be grown from single seeds. The highly anisotropic growth is in this case controlled only by the rather soft and porous DNA walls. The optimized seeded growth procedure provides a robust and simple routine to achieve continuous gold nanostructures using DNA templating.

Bifunctional Carbon Dots-Magnetic and Fluorescent Hybrid Nanoparticles for Diagnostic Applications

There is a huge demand for materials capable of simple detection or separation after conjugation with specific biologic substances when applied as a diagnostic tools. Taking into account the photoluminescence properties of C-dots and the highly magnetic properties of Fe(0), a new hybrid composite of these components was synthesized via ultrasound irradiation. The material was fully characterized by various physicochemical techniques. The main goal of the current study was to obtain a highly magnetic and intense fluorescent hybrid material. The goal was achieved. In addition, magnetic particles tended to agglomerate. The new hybrid can be suspended in ethanol, which is an additional feature of the current research. The dispersion of the hybrid nanoparticles in ethanol was achieved by utilizing the interaction of iron particles with C-dots which were decorated with functional groups on their surface. The newly formed hybrid material has potential applications in diagnostic by conjugating with specific antibodies or with any other biologic compounds. Such application may be useful in detection of various diseases such as: cancer, tuberculosis, etc.

Multiple and sensitive SERS detection of cancer-related exosomes based on gold-silver bimetallic nanotrepangs

Exosomes are endogenous vesicles of cells, and can be used as important biomarkers for cancers. In this work, we developed a sensitive and reliable SERS sensor for simultaneous detection of multiple cancer-related exosomes. The SERS detection probes were made of bimetallic SERS-active nanotags, gold-silver-silver core-shell-shell nanotrepangs (GSSNTs), which were composed of bumpy surface nanorod (gold nanotrepang, GNT) cores and bilayer silver shells, and decorated with linker DNAs, which were complementary to the aptamer targeting exosomes. Three kinds of SERS detection probes were designed via the adoption of different Raman reporter molecules and linker DNAs. The capture probes were prepared by modifying specific aptamers of the target exosomes on magnetic beads (MBs). In the absence of target exosomes, SERS detection probes were coupled with MBs via specific DNA hybridization for use as aptamer-based SERS sensors. In the presence of target exosomes, the aptamer specifically recognized and captured the exosomes, and GSSNTs were subsequently released into the supernatant. Therefore, attenuated SERS signals were detected on the MBs, indicating the presence of target exosomes. The proposed aptamer-based SERS sensor is expected to be a facile and sensitive method for the multiplex detection of cancer biomarkers and has potential future applications in clinical diagnosis.

Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Characterization of Tandem Triblock BPOSS-PDI-X Shape Amphiphiles

In this article, we report the facile synthesis, self-assembly, and characterization of shape amphiphiles (BPOSS-PDI-X) based on isobutyl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (BPOSS), perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI), and (60)fullerene (C60) moieties. Firstly, an asymmetrically functionalized diblock shape amphiphile precursor (BPOSS-PDI-OH) was obtained through the one-pot reaction between perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and two different amines, namely BPOSS-NH2 and 3-amino-1-propanol. It was further conjugated with C60-COOH to give a tri-block shape amphiphile (BPOSS-PDI-C60). Their chemical structures were thoroughly characterized by NMR, IR and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry. In order to gain insights on the structure-property relationship, their self-assembly in gas phase, in solution, and in solid state were characterized using traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS), UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence emission spectrophotometer, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. It was found that BPOSS-PDI-OH formed more complicated dimers than BPOSS-PDI-C60. Both samples showed unique aggregation behaviors in solution with increasing concentration, which could be attributed neither to H- nor to J-type and might be related to the discrete dimers. While BPOSS-PDI-C60 could hardly crystalize into ordered structures, BPOSS-PDI-OH could form nanobelt-shaped single crystals, which may hold potential applications in microelectronics.

Emerging Biomimetic Applications of DNA Nanotechnology

Re-engineering cellular components and biological processes has received great interest and promised compelling advantages in applications ranging from basic cell biology to biomedicine. With the advent of DNA nanotechnology, the programmable self-assembly ability makes DNA an appealing candidate for rational design of artificial components with different structures and functions. This Forum Article summarizes recent developments of DNA nanotechnology in mimicking the structures and functions of existing cellular components. We highlight key successes in the achievements of DNA-based biomimetic membrane proteins and discuss the assembly behavior of these artificial proteins. Then, we focus on the construction of higher-order structures by DNA nanotechnology to recreate cell-like structures. Finally, we explore the current challenges and speculate on future directions of DNA nanotechnology in biomimetics.

Cobalt tungsten oxide hydroxide hydrate (CTOHH) on DNA scaffold: an excellent bi-functional catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and aromatic alcohol oxidation

CTOHH-DNA, a newly developed catalyst utilized for both electrocatalytic OER and aromatic alcohol oxidation reaction with excellent activities.