1
|
Zhao H, Gu Y, Shen Q. [(SIPr)Ag(CF 2 H)]: A Shelf-Stable, Versatile Difluoromethylation Reagent. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300124. [PMID: 37194962 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique physical and electrophilic properties, the difluoromethyl group (-CF2 H) has been playing an irreplaceable role in the field of pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Methods that could efficiently incorporate the difluoromethyl group into the target molecules are increasing in the recent years. Developing a stable and efficient difluoromethylating reagent is thus highly attractive. In this review, we describe the development of a nucleophilic difluoromethylation reagent [(SIPr)Ag(CF2 H)], including its elemental reaction, difluoromethylation reaction with different types of electrophiles, and its application in the synthesis of a nucleophilic and an electrophilic difluoromethylthiolating reagent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Li Y, Yang J, Shi H, Ai Z, Han C, He J, Du Y. Synthesis of 3-SCF 2H-/3-SCF 3-chromones via Interrupted Pummerer Reaction/Intramolecular Cyclization Mediated by Difluoromethyl or Trifluoromethyl Sulfoxide and Tf 2O. Org Lett 2022; 24:7216-7221. [PMID: 36148991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of alkynyl aryl ketones bearing an o-methoxy group with difluoromethyl sulfoxide in the presence of Tf2O was found to conveniently afford the corresponding 3-SCF2H-substituted chromones. The combining use of difluoromethyl sulfoxide/Tf2O could represent the first reagents system that can introduce the biologically important SCF2H moiety under base-free conditions via an interrupted Pummerer reaction. The same protocol could also be applied to the synthesis of 3-SCF3-substituted chromones by replacing difluoromethyl sulfoxide with trifluoromethyl sulfoxide and CH3CN with toluene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P.R. China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P.R. China
| | - Haofeng Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhenkang Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tironi M, Hopkinson MN. Silver‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Deoxydifluoromethylthiolation of Activated Aliphatic Alcohols with BT‐SCF2H. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tironi
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut fuer Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstrasse 34-36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Matthew Neil Hopkinson
- Newcastle University School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Bedson Building NE1 7RU NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE UNITED KINGDOM
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan W, Guo L, Liu Y, Li Q, Shi J, Pan F. Transition‐Metal‐Free Intermolecular Chlorodifluoromethylthiolation of Alkenes and Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan‐Qiang Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610067 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Yun Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610067 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610067 P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610067 P. R. China
| | - Jie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610067 P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610067 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Shen Q. (1S)-(−)-N-Monofluoromethylthio-7,7-dichloro-2,10-camphorsultam: An optically pure reagentfor asymmetric monofluoromethylthiolation. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Wu J, Shen Q. Difluoromethylthiolator: A Toolbox of Reagents for Difluoromethylthiolation. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2946-2958. [PMID: 34184872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the strategic installation of a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group site-selectively at the specific position of the target molecule has become a routine approach and daily practice for medicinal chemists in their endeavor to fine tune the structure of the lead compound to improve its physicochemical properties such as the cell membrane permeability and metabolic stability. Among many fluoroalkyl groups, the difluoromethylthio group (-SCF2H) has attracted recent intense attention. Largely due to the weak acidity of the proton in the difluoromethylthio group, the difluoromethylthio group is generally considered to be a lipophilic hydrogen-bonding donor and a bioisostere of the hydroxy/thio group that might interact with the heteroatom of the enzyme via a hydrogen bond to improve the binding selectivity of the drug molecule. Besides, the difluoromethylthio group is less lipophilic, less electron-withdrawing, and less stable to the acidic or basic environment than its analogue trifluoromethylthio group (-SCF3), making it easier to regulate the metabolic stability of drug molecules. These beneficial effects render the difluoromethylthio group one of the most favorable functional groups in drug design; consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies for the efficient introduction of the difluoromethylthio group into small molecules under mild conditions. Over the last few decades, several different approaches to the preparation of difluoromethylthiolated compounds have been developed, including the difluoromethylation of thiolated substrates with an electrophilic/nucleophilic difluoromethylating reagent or the insertion of a difluoromethyl carbene into the S-H bond of the thiols. In contrast, we adopt an alternative approach to the preparation of difluoromethylthiolated compounds by late-stage direct difluoromethylthiolation of the specific substrates with a difluoromethylthiolating reagent. With this aim in mind, in the last 6 years we have successfully developed a toolbox of reagents that are capable of the direct introduction of the difluoromethylthio group into the target molecules, including nucleophilic difluoromethylthiolating reagent [(SIPr)AgSCF2H] I, electrophilic difluoromethylthiolating reagent PhthSCF2H II, three optically pure difluoromethylthiolating reagents camphorsultam-SCF2H III, radical difluoromethylthiolating reagent PhSO2SCF2H IV, and reagent PhSO2SCFClH V that could be used for the preparation of 18F-labeled [18F]ArSCF2H. These reagents reacted with a broad range of substrates to get access to difluoromethylthiolated compounds efficiently, thus providing medicinal chemists a powerful weapon for the direct introduction of the difluoromethylthio group into promising molecules during the search for new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tironi M, Maas LM, Garg A, Dix S, Götze JP, Hopkinson MN. Deoxygenative Tri- and Difluoromethylthiolation of Carboxylic Acids with Benzothiazolium Reagents. Org Lett 2020; 22:8925-8930. [PMID: 33147033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deoxygenative syntheses of fluorinated thioesters directly from carboxylic acids have been developed employing benzothiazolium reagents. The process using BT-SCF3 represents an attractive approach toward these SCF3-containing compounds that avoids the use of metal -SCF3 salts or preactivated acyl electrophiles. Moreover, the in situ activation of BT-SCF2H allows for an unprecedented nucleophilic difluoromethylthiolation reaction. DFT calculations support a mechanistic scenario involving a four-membered transition state where acyl substitution occurs without the formation of an unstable free -SCF2H anion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tironi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilian M Maas
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arushi Garg
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Dix
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P Götze
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew N Hopkinson
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang S, Xia Z, Lu K, Lu H, Tung C, Xu Z. S‐Trifluoroethyl
Benzenesulfonothioate: A
Bench‐Stable
Reagent for Electrophilic Trifluoroethylthiolation
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Ziheng Xia
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Kui Lu
- Land Surveying and Mapping Institute of Shandong Province Jinan Shandong 250013 China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Zhenghu Xu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Janot C, Chagnoleau JB, Halcovitch NR, Muir J, Aïssa C. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Carbonyl-α'-(hetero)aryl Sulfoxonium Ylides: Scope and Insight into the Mechanism. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1126-1137. [PMID: 31808694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances, a general method for the synthesis of α-carbonyl-α'-(hetero)aryl sulfoxonium ylides is needed to benefit more greatly from the potential safety advantages offered by these compounds over the parent diazo compounds. Herein, we report the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl bromides and triflates with α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides. We also report the use of this method for the modification of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and for the synthesis of a key precursor of antagonists of the neurokinin-1 receptor. In addition, the mechanism of the reaction was inferred from several observations. Thus, the oxidative addition complex [(XPhos)PhPdBr] and its dimer were observed by 31P{1H} NMR, and these complexes were shown to be catalytically and kinetically competent. Moreover, a complex resulting from the transmetalation of [(XPhos)ArPdBr] (Ar = p-CF3-C6H4) with a model sulfoxonium ylide was observed by mass spectrometry. Finally, the partial rate law suggests that the transmetalation and the subsequent deprotonation are rate-determining in the catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Janot
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Baptiste Chagnoleau
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , United Kingdom
| | - Nathan R Halcovitch
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Bailrigg , Lancaster LA1 4YB , United Kingdom
| | - James Muir
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development , AstraZeneca Macclesfield Campus , Cheshire SK10 2NA , United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang P, Chen W, Liu M, Wu H. Synthesis of 3-HCF 2S-Chromones through Tandem Oxa-Michael Addition and Oxidative Difluoromethylthiolation. Org Lett 2019; 21:9326-9329. [PMID: 31769689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple protocol for the synthesis of difluoromethylthiolated chromen-4-ones using elemental sulfur and ClCF2CO2Na as the difluoromethylthiolating agent is described. Three-component reactions of 2'-hydroxychalcones, ClCF2CO2Na, and sulfur under basic conditions using TEMPO as the oxidant afforded HCF2S-containing 4H-chromen-4-one and 9H-thieno[3,2-b]chromen-9-one derivatives in good yield. The protocol is practical and efficient, and the starting materials are cheap and readily available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingshun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Wanzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Miaochang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325027 , China
| | - Huayue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325027 , China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cobalt-catalyzed hydro-difluoromethylthiolation/hydro-trifluoromethylthiolation of unactivated alkenes. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|