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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Tang Y, Pu M, Lei M. A theoretical study of asymmetric ketone hydrogenation catalyzed by Mn complexes: from the catalytic mechanism to the catalyst design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13365-13375. [PMID: 35608221 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to investigate asymmetric ketone hydrogenation (AKH) catalyzed by Mn complexes, from the catalytic mechanism to the catalyst design. The calculated results indicated that the Mn(CO)2-PSiNSiP (A1, PSiNSiP = P(Ph)2Si(CH3)2NSi(CH3)2P(Ph)2) pincer complex has potential high catalytic activity for ketone hydrogenation. The Mn(CO)-LYB (B, LYB = P(Ph)2Si(CH3)2NSi(CH3)2P(Me)2) pincer complex was then designed to catalyze AKH with good stereoselectivity. The hydrogen transfer (HT) step is the chirality-determining step. To avoid the enantiomer of Mn(CO)2-LYB, which could eliminate the high stereoselectivity during AKH, novel Mn complexes with quadridentate ligands, such as Mn(CO)-LYC (C, LYC = P(CH3)2CH2Si(CH3)NSi(CH3)(Si(CH3)CH2P(CH3)2)CH2P(Ph)2) and Mn(CO)-LYD (D, LYD = P(CH3)2CH2Si(CH3)NSi(CH3)(Si(CH3)CH2P(CH3)2)CH2P(Cy)2), were designed to drive AKH with medium stereoselectivity. In order to increase the stereoselectivity of AKH, Mn(CO)-LYE (E, LYE = PH2CH2Si(CH3)NSi(CH3)(Si(CH3)CH2P(CH3)2)CH2P(Ph)2) and Mn(CO)-LYF (F, LYF = PH2CH2Si(CH3)NSi(CH3)(Si(CH3)CH2P(CH3)2)CH2P(Cy)2) were further designed and showed very good stereoselectivity, which is due to the lower deformation energy and stronger interactions between the ketone substrates and catalysts. This work may shed light on the design of cheap metal catalysts with a new ligand framework for the asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) of CX bonds (X = O, N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yanhui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China. .,School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Pu M, Lei M. A phosphine-free Mn(I)-NNS catalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone: a theoretical prediction. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14738-14744. [PMID: 34590102 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) method was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of the hydrogen activation and asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of acetophenone catalyzed by a well-defined phosphine-free Mn(I)-NNS complex. The calculation results indicate that the Mn-NNS complex has potential high catalytic hydrogenation activity. Meanwhile, the hydrogen transfer step of this reaction is proposed to be a concerted but asynchronous process, and the hydride transfer precedes proton transfer. This work also pointed out that the stereoselectivity of ATH catalyzed by the Mn(I)-NNS complex mainly originates from the noncovalent interaction between the substrate and the catalyst. Additionally, the catalytic activities of Mn-NNS complexes with different X ligands (X = CO, Cl, H, OMe, NCMe, CCMe, and CHCHMe) were compared, and the calculated total reaction energy barriers were all viable, which indicates that these Mn-NNS complexes show higher CO bond hydrogenation activity under mild conditions. This theoretical study predicts that the reactions catalyzed by complexes with H and NCMe ligands exhibit high stereoselectivity with enantiomeric excess (ee) values of 97% and 93%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Zhang L, Wang B, Zhao Y, Pu M, Liu S, Lei M. Using Bases as Initiators to Isomerize Allylic Alcohols: Insights from Density Functional Theory Studies. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2316-2323. [PMID: 33724037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allylic alcohols, as common and readily available building blocks, could be converted into many widely used carbonyl compounds through isomerization reactions. However, these processes often involve expensive transition metal (TM) complexes as the catalyst. What is the bottleneck in the mechanism when no TM is used? In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was employed to explore the mechanistic patterns of allylic alcohols catalyzed using bases, such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH, tBuOK, tBuONa, tBuOLi, 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1-methyl-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine, and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. Our results show that bases containing metal cations follow the metal cation-assisted (MCA) mechanism, whereas organic bases without metal cations follow the ion pair-assisted (IPA) mechanism. The catalytic efficiency of bases containing metal cations is higher than that of bases without metal cations, indicating that metal cations play an important role in the reaction. Additionally, the modulation of substituents R1 and R2 in the substrate reveals that electron-withdrawing groups are favorable for C-H bond cleavage, and electron-donating groups are favorable for hydrogen transfer. To better understand these patterns, we applied the DFT and information-theoretic approach (ITA) to examine the impact of bases and substrate substituents on the reactivity of allylic alcohol isomerization. This work should provide a much-needed theoretical guidance to design better non-TM catalysts for the isomerization of allylic alcohols and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420, United States
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhu L, Zhang L, Yang Z, Pu M, Lei M. A theoretical study of the hydroboration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds catalyzed by a metal-free complex and subsequent C–C coupling with acetonitrile. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02218k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the density functional theory (DFT) method was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of the selective hydroboration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds catalyzed by the metal-free complex 1,3,2-diazaphospholene (DAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
| | - Zuoyin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Institute of Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
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Luo C, Li L, Yue X, Li P, Zhang L, Yang Z, Pu M, Cao Z, Lei M. pH-Dependent transfer hydrogenation or dihydrogen release catalyzed by a [(η 6-arene)RuCl(κ 2- N, N-dmobpy)] + complex: a DFT mechanistic understanding. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10411-10419. [PMID: 35492899 PMCID: PMC9050405 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10651k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of the pH-dependent transfer hydrogenation of a ketone or the dehydrogenation of formic acid catalyzed by a [(η6-arene)RuCl(κ2-N,N-dmobpy)]+ complex in aqueous media has been investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The TM-catalyzed TH of ketones with formic acid as the hydrogen source proceeds via two steps: the formation of a metal hydride and the transfer of the hydride to the substrate ketone. The calculated results show that ruthenium hydride formation is the rate-determining step. This proceeds via an ion-pair mechanism with an energy barrier of 14.1 kcal mol-1. Interestingly, the dihydrogen release process of formic acid and the hydride transfer process that produces alcohols are competitive under different pH environments. The investigation explores the feasibility of the two pathways under different pH environments. Under acidic conditions (pH = 4), the free energy barrier of the dihydrogen release pathway is 4.5 kcal mol-1 that is higher than that of the hydride transfer pathway, suggesting that the hydride transfer pathway is more favorable than the dihydrogen release pathway. However, under strongly acidic conditions, the dihydrogen release pathway is more favorable compared to the hydride transfer pathway. In addition, the ruthenium hydride formation pathway is less favorable than the ruthenium hydroxo complex formation pathway under basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Longfei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Xin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Pengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zuoyin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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Transition-metal-free polycyclic indoline formation via a free radical pathway: a computational mechanistic study. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-2554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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