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Wang Y, Feng J, Li EQ, Jia Z, Loh TP. Recent advances in ligand-enabled palladium-catalyzed divergent synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 22:37-54. [PMID: 38050418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01679j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and straightforward strategies to rapidly construct structurally distinct and diverse organic molecules is one of the most fundamental tasks in organic synthesis, drug discovery and materials science. In recent years, divergent synthesis of organic functional molecules from the same starting materials has attracted significant attention and has been recognized as an efficient and powerful strategy. To achieve this objective, the proper adjustment of reaction conditions, such as catalysts, solvents, ligands, etc., is required. In this review, we summarized the recent efforts in chemo-, regio- and stereodivergent reactions involving acyclic and cyclic systems catalyzed by palladium complexes. Meanwhile, the reaction types, including carbonylative reactions, coupling reactions and cycloaddition reactions, as well as the probable mechanism have also been highlighted in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CAIST), Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou450001, China.
| | - Jinzan Feng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CAIST), Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou450001, China.
| | - Er-Qing Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CAIST), Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou450001, China.
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CAIST), Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou450001, China.
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Cao J, Xu LW. Palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cascade enantioselective ring-opening/coupling reactions of cyclobutanones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3373-3382. [PMID: 36806356 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of small ring compounds is an intriguing subject in organic chemistry. As the smallest stable cyclic aliphatic ketones, cyclobutanones have garnered tremendous attention owing to their intrinsic high reactivity such as transition-metal catalyzed C-C bond cleavage. In this context, transition-metal catalyzed formal cycloaddition of cyclobutanones via a "cut and sew" strategy has gained marvelous advances. In contrast, an alternative reaction paradigm, i.e., transition-metal catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclobutanones, is still underdeveloped. This feature article aims to summarize our efforts in developing enantioselective palladium-catalyzed ring-opening/coupling reactions and recently emerging nickel-catalyzed ring-opening/reductive coupling reactions of cyclobutanones with a tethered aryl halide. The possible mechanisms are briefly showcased and the advantages and limitations of each strategy as well as their synthetic applications in the synthesis of natural products or bioactive compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute and Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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3
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Sietmann J, Tenberge M, Wahl JM. Wacker Oxidation of Methylenecyclobutanes: Scope and Selectivity in an Unusual Setting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215381. [PMID: 36416612 PMCID: PMC10108300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylenecyclobutanes are found to undergo Wacker oxidation via a semi-pinacol-type rearrangement. Key to a successful process is the use of tert-butyl nitrite as oxidant, which not only enables efficient catalyst turn-over but also ensures high Markovnikov-selectivity under mild conditions. Thus, cyclopentanones (26 examples) can be accessed in an overall good yield and excellent selectivity (up to 97 % yield, generally >99 : 1 ketone:aldehyde ratio). Stereochemical analysis of the reaction sequence reveals migration aptitudes in line with related 1,2-shifts. By introducing a pyox ligand to palladium, prochiral methylenecyclobutanes can be desymmetrized, thus realizing the first enantioselective Wacker oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sietmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Tenberge
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes M Wahl
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Zeng YF, Wu JB, Chen JT, Guo Y, Wang Z. Oxidative functionalization of alkylidenecyclopropanes and alkylidenecyclobutanes: a versatile platform to access nitrated cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7022-7026. [PMID: 36006008 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01426b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A divergent radical nitration of alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) and alkylidenecyclobutanes (ACBs) with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O or AgNO2 has been achieved, affording three categories of products including β-nitro alcohol, α-nitro ketone and nitro nitratosation products with yields up to 90%. Particularly, the cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl rings were conserved in the products. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by the scale-up experiment and reduction of the nitro into an amino group. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that the nitro radical was involved in the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Fu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Jin-Bo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Jin-Tao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Chen T, Wu Y, Han P, Gao J, Wu Y, Zhao J, Liang H, Liu Y, Liu Y. Nickel‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Cyclobutanones towards Indanones. Helv Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengyun Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yunkai Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Peilin Han
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials College of Chemical and Materials Engineering Xuchang University Xuchang Henan 461000 P. R. China
| | - Jiqiang Gao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yuanqi Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Haotian Liang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Li H, Huang W, Yang K, Ye F, Yin G, Xu Z, Xu L. Asymmetric Disilylation of Spirocyclic Palladacyclopentanes via Tandem Heck/C−H Activation of Aryl Iodides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Guan‐Wu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
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