1
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Zhang J, Chen M, Xiao J, Han H, Zhao J, Zhang L, Wang F, Liu ZQ. A Recyclable Electrochemical Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones to Alcohols Using Water as the Hydrogen Source and Solvent. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7065-7075. [PMID: 38666304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
There are several challenging problems such as the usage of combustible and hazardous hydrogen sources and severe environmental pollution in the conventional reduction of aldehydes/ketones to alcohols. We report here a practical, safe, and green electrochemical reduction, which solves these problems to a large extent. Through an undivided cell, Zn(+) and Sn(-) as the electrode, tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as the electrolyte, water as the solvent and hydrogen source, a wide range of aldehydes and ketones are converted into the corresponding alcohols in mild conditions. Furthermore, the electrolytes and water can be recycled, and reductive deuteration can be achieved by simply using D2O as the solvent. Finally, the reduction can be smoothly scaled up to a kilogram level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatai Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongliang Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianyou Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Petkov H, Ravutsov MA, Verganista MJ, Mitrev YN, Candeias NR, Simeonov SP. Cu-Catalyzed Tandem Oxidation-Intramolecular Cannizzaro Reaction of Biorenewables and Bioactive Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400013. [PMID: 38376915 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A tandem Cu-catalyzed oxidation-intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction leading to bioactive α-hydroxyesters from α-hydroxyketones is reported. The process uses oxygen as a sole oxidant to achieve the formation of glyoxals, which are efficiently converted in situ to important α-hydroxyesters. The mechanistic insights are provided by isotopic labeling and supported by DFT calculations. The transformation proved a robust synthetic tool to achieve the synthesis of human metabolites and hydroxyl esters of various biologically active steroid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Petkov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Martin A Ravutsov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Manuel J Verganista
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Yavor N Mitrev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Svilen P Simeonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Yu R, Hao F, Zhang X, Fang Z, Jin Z, Liu G, Dai G, Wu J. Cobalt-Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of N-Heteroaryl Ketones with N, N-Dimethylformamide as a Hydride Source. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37257025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A method for chemoselective reduction of 2-pyridyl ketones and related N-heteroaryl compounds catalyzed by cobalt stearate using DMF as a hydride source is developed. The ketone substrate is activated by chelation with cobalt, which makes the present method highly chemoselective. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rurong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Feiyue Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Zhongbing Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Zhengneng Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Guyue Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Guoliang Dai
- School of Chemical Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jiashou Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
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4
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Klein M, Waldvogel SR. Counter Electrode Reactions-Important Stumbling Blocks on the Way to a Working Electro-organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204140. [PMID: 35668714 PMCID: PMC9828107 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, electro-organic synthesis has gained significant interest, both in technical and academic research as well as in terms of applications. The omission of stoichiometric oxidizers or reducing agents enables a more sustainable route for redox reactions in organic chemistry. Even if it is well-known that every electrochemical oxidation is only viable with an associated reduction reaction and vice versa, the relevance of the counter reaction is often less addressed. In this Review, the importance of the corresponding counter reaction in electro-organic synthesis is highlighted and how it can affect the performance and selectivity of the electrolytic conversion. A selection of common strategies and unique concepts to tackle this issue are surveyed to provide a guide to select appropriate counter reactions for electro-organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klein
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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5
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Wu J, Yan B, Meng J, Yang E, Ye X, Yao Q. Catalyst-free photo-reductions of aromatic olefins and carbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8638-8642. [PMID: 36102896 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein a catalyst-free, traditional reductant-free strategy for the direct photoinduced hydrogenation or deuteration of aromatic olefins, ketones, and aldehydes with simple bases as the only additives. A broad range of substrates were demonstrated with high yields and deuterium incorporations. Mechanistic experiments indicate a radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Boyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Jiangtao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Enqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Xiushen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Qiuli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
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6
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Ji XS, Zuo HD, Shen YT, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Electrochemical selective annulative amino-ketalization and amino-oxygenation of 1,6-enynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10420-10423. [PMID: 36043317 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new electrochemical selective annulative amino-ketalization and amino-oxygenation of 1,6-enynes with disulfonimides and alcohols is reported, producing a series of functionalized benzofurans under catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions. The annulative aminoketalization proceeds with simple short-chain alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and n-propanol as O-nucleophilic reagents, while the reaction occurs in the annulative aminooxygenation direction in the presence of water and large steric sec-butyl alcohol (SBA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuang Ji
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Hang-Dong Zuo
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China. .,School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ting Shen
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
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Yamamoto K, Arita K, Shiota M, Kuriyama M, Onomura O. Electrochemical formal homocoupling of sec-alcohols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1062-1069. [PMID: 36105731 PMCID: PMC9443307 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical pinacol coupling of carbonyl compounds in an undivided cell with a sacrificial anode would be a promising approach toward synthetically valuable vic-1,2-diol scaffolds without using low-valent metal reductants. However, sacrificial anodes produce an equimolar amount of metal waste, which may be a major issue in terms of sustainable chemistry. Herein, we report a sacrificial anode-free electrochemical protocol for the synthesis of pinacol-type vic-1,2-diols from sec-alcohols, namely benzyl alcohol derivatives and ethyl lactate. The corresponding vic-1,2-diols are obtained in moderate to good yields, and good to high levels of stereoselectivity are observed for sec-benzyl alcohol derivatives. The present transformations smoothly proceed in a simple undivided cell under constant current conditions without the use of external chemical oxidants/reductants, and transition-metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Arita
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiota
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masami Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Osamu Onomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Kang C, Xu J, Li X, Wang S, Jiang G, Ji F. Oxidative C-H/N-H Carbonylation of Benzamide by Nickel Catalysis with CO as the Carbonyl Source. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10390-10397. [PMID: 35881524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and direct carbonylation of aminoquinoline benzamides has been developed using abundant and inexpensive Ni(OAc)2·4H2O as the catalyst and carbon monoxide as a cost-efficient C1 building block. This process features good functional-group tolerance and can be conducted on gram scale. The directing group can be easily removed under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shoucai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China
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9
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Golla S, Kokatla HP. Rongalite-Mediated Transition Metal- and Hydride-Free Chemoselective Reduction of α-Keto Esters and α-Keto Amides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9915-9925. [PMID: 35839148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal- and hydride-free protocol has been developed for the chemoselective reduction of α-keto esters and α-keto amides using rongalite as a reducing agent. Here, rongalite acts as a hydride-free reducing agent via a radical mechanism. This protocol offers the synthesis of a wide range of α-hydroxy esters and α-hydroxy amides with 85-98% yields. This chemoselective method is compatible with other reducible functionalities such as halides, alkenes, amides, and nitriles. The use of inexpensive rongalite (ca. $0.03/1 g), mild reaction conditions, and gram-scale synthesis are some of the key features of this methodology. Also, cyclandelate, a vasodilator drug, has been synthesized in gram scale with 79% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaparwathi Golla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Hari Prasad Kokatla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
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10
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Li Z, Shuai B, Ma C, Fang P, Mei T. Nickel‐Catalyzed
Electroreductive Syntheses of Triphenylenes Using
ortho
‐Dihalobenzene‐Derived
Benzynes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao‐Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Bin Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Tian‐Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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