Metal- and Solvent-Free Synthesis of Substituted Pyrimidines via an NH4I-Promoted Three-Component Tandem Reaction

A facile and practical approach for the preparation of substituted pyrimidines from ketones, NH4OAc, and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal has been described. This NH4I-promoted three-component tandem reaction affords a broad range of substituted pyrimidines in acceptable yields under metal- and solvent-free conditions. The present methodology features the advantages of simple and easily available starting materials, metal- and solvent-free conditions, a broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance, and gram-scale synthesis.

Three-Component Synthesis of 2-Substituted Quinolines and Benzo[f]quinolines Using Tertiary Amines as the Vinyl Source

A metal-free method for the construction of 2-substituted quinolines and benzo[f]quinolines from aromatic amines, aldehydes, and tertiary amines has been demonstrated. Cheap and readily available tertiary amines acted as the vinyl source. A new pyridine ring was selectively formed via [4 + 2] condensation that was promoted by ammonium salt under neutral conditions and an oxygen atmosphere. This strategy provided a new route for the preparation of various quinoline derivatives with different substituents at the pyridine ring, which provides the possibility of further modification.

Three-component selective synthesis of phenothiazines and bis-phenothiazines under metal-free conditions

An iodine-containing reagent promoted three-component method for the selective synthesis of phenothiazines and bis-phenothiazines has been developed. The present protocol starts from simple and easily available cyclohexanones, elemental sulfur, and inorganic ammonium salts, selectively producing phenothiazines and bis-phenothiazines in satisfactory yields under aerobic conditions. This method has the advantages of simple and readily available starting materials and metal-free conditions, affording a facile and practical approach for the preparation of phenothiazines and bis-phenothiazines.

Modular Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles through a Four-Component Cyclization Strategy Using Ammonium Salt as the Nitrogen Source

A four-component synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles was developed under metal-free conditions. The pyrrole ring was formed in one pot through [2 + 1 + 1 + 1] condensation using ammonium salt as the nitrogen source. In this strategy, 1,4-naphthoquinones and maleimides were used as the versatile C2 fragments to provide substituted benzo[f]isoindole-4,9-diones and pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3-diones, respectively. This work is highlighted by using ammonium salt as the nitrogen source, readily available starting materials and multibond formation (two C-C and two C-N bonds) in a single operation.

Nitrenoid from Oxime: A Practical Synthesis of Planar Chiral Ferrocenyl Phenanthridines via Nitrene-Involved Ring-Expansion Reaction

Nitrenes and nitrenoids are highly reactive species and the proposed key intermediates in nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound synthesis. In this work, we developed a practical method for the synthesis of phenanthridines by the reaction of oximes and Grignard reagents (with or without diethylzinc) via ring-expansion of magnesium coordinated nitrenoid complex as the key step. The method has been used to synthesize optically active planar chiral ferrocenyl phenanthridines.