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Liu H, Chen Z, Ding J, Mamateli S, Cai J, Qiao T. Relationship of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio with a Vulnerable Plaque in Patients with Severe Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Case-Control Study in the Han Chinese Population. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:160-170. [PMID: 35770391 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220629160733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid plaque is often an important factor in ischemic stroke after it changes from stable to vulnerable, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) are associated with plaque vulnerability. We aimed to investigate whether the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, an easily available and novel biomarker, is associated with vulnerable plaques and enhances the warning effect on vulnerability compared to LDL-c or HDL-c alone. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 187 patients with severe CAS admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery at the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2019 to July 2021. They were divided into a stable plaque group and a vulnerable plaque group according to carotid ultrasonography, carotid angiography (CTA), and plaque pathology. Baseline information was collected and compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis was used to determine the degree of correlation between clinical variables. Univariate and multifactor logistic regression analyses were used to examine independent risk factors for vulnerable plaque in patients with severe CAS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the capacity of LDL-c/HDL-c to predict the occurrence of vulnerable plaque. RESULTS The age of the vulnerable plaque group was 68.12 ± 8.90 years, with 85 males (89.91%); the age of the stable plaque group was 68.77 ± 8.43 years, with 70 males (89.74%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LDL-c/HDL-c, smoking and diabetes were independent risk factors for vulnerable plaque (all P <0.05). The risk of vulnerable plaque was 4.78-fold greater in the highest LDL-c/HDL-c quartile (≥ 2.63) than in the lowest quartile (≤ 1.31) (P-trend <0.001), and the area under the ROC curve for LDL-c/HDL-c (AUC=0.681, P <0.001) was higher than that for LDL-c and HDL-c. CONCLUSION LDL-c/HDL-c, smoking and diabetes were independent risk factors for vulnerable plaque in patients with severe CAS, and LDL-c/HDL-c had a higher predictive value for the presence of vulnerable plaque compared with other lipid parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqian Liu
- Department of vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Department of vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiawen Ding
- Department of vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Subinuer Mamateli
- Department of vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Ji X, Leng XY, Dong Y, Ma YH, Xu W, Cao XP, Hou XH, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. Modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:632. [PMID: 31930033 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke, but the conclusion about risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis is still controversial. The aim of our present meta-analysis and systematic review was to explore the modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis. Methods We searched PubMed from January 1962 to October 2018 to include longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. The results were pooled using random effects model. Heterogeneity was measured by I2 statistic and publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. Results A total of 14,700 articles were screened, of which 76 with 27 factors were eligible. Our meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies indicated nine factors (hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, smoking, metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, and higher low density lipoprotein) were significantly associated with the presence of carotid plaque, among which four (hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia) could elevate the risk of atherosclerosis by at least 50%; and one factor (hypertension) was associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness. In the systematic review, another five factors [negative emotion, socioeconomic strain, alcohol, air pollution, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)] were also related to the presence of atherosclerosis. The cross-sectional associations with most of the above 14 factors were further confirmed by longitudinal studies. Among them, the managements of 4 factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and OSAS) were indicated to prevent carotid atherosclerosis by cohort studies. Conclusions Effective interventions targeting pre-existing disease, negative emotion, lifestyle and diet may reduce the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. Further good-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ji
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of Neurology, Xuchang People's Hospital, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Xin-Yi Leng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao-He Hou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Toth PP, Joshi PH, McEvoy JW, Ahmed HM, Elshazly MB, Swiger KJ, Michos ED, Kwiterovich PO, Kulkarni KR, Chimera J, Cannon CP, Blumenthal RS, Jones SR. Very large database of lipids: rationale and design. Clin Cardiol 2013; 36:641-8. [PMID: 24122913 PMCID: PMC6649455 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood lipids have major cardiovascular and public health implications. Lipid-lowering drugs are prescribed based in part on categorization of patients into normal or abnormal lipid metabolism, yet relatively little emphasis has been placed on: (1) the accuracy of current lipid measures used in clinical practice, (2) the reliability of current categorizations of dyslipidemia states, and (3) the relationship of advanced lipid characterization to other cardiovascular disease biomarkers. To these ends, we developed the Very Large Database of Lipids (NCT01698489), an ongoing database protocol that harnesses deidentified data from the daily operations of a commercial lipid laboratory. The database includes individuals who were referred for clinical purposes for a Vertical Auto Profile (Atherotech Inc., Birmingham, AL), which directly measures cholesterol concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, intermediate-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, their subclasses, and lipoprotein(a). Individual Very Large Database of Lipids studies, ranging from studies of measurement accuracy, to dyslipidemia categorization, to biomarker associations, to characterization of rare lipid disorders, are investigator-initiated and utilize peer-reviewed statistical analysis plans to address a priori hypotheses/aims. In the first database harvest (Very Large Database of Lipids 1.0) from 2009 to 2011, there were 1 340 614 adult and 10 294 pediatric patients; the adult sample had a median age of 59 years (interquartile range, 49-70 years) with even representation by sex. Lipid distributions closely matched those from the population-representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The second harvest of the database (Very Large Database of Lipids 2.0) is underway. Overall, the Very Large Database of Lipids database provides an opportunity for collaboration and new knowledge generation through careful examination of granular lipid data on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth S. Martin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael J. Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter P. Toth
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois
| | - Parag H. Joshi
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John W. McEvoy
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haitham M. Ahmed
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohamed B. Elshazly
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kristopher J. Swiger
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter O. Kwiterovich
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven R. Jones
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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