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Machado CB, DA Silva EL, Dias Nogueira BM, DA Silva JBS, DE Moraes Filho MO, Montenegro RC, DE Moraes MEA, Moreira-Nunes CA. The Relevance of Aurora Kinase Inhibition in Hematological Malignancies. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2021; 1:111-126. [PMID: 35399305 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that play a central role in eukaryotic cell division. Overexpression of aurora kinases in cancer and their role as major regulators of the cell cycle quickly inspired the idea that their inhibition might be a potential pathway when treating oncologic patients. Over the past couple of decades, the search for designing and testing of molecules capable of inhibiting aurora activities fueled many pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this study, data from the past 10 years of in vitro and in vivo investigations, as well as clinical trials, utilizing aurora kinase inhibitors as therapeutics for hematological malignancies were compiled and discussed, aiming to highlight potential uses of these inhibitors as a novel monotherapy model or alongside conventional chemotherapies. While there is still much to be elucidated, it is clear that these kinases play a key role in oncogenesis, and their manageable toxicity and potentially synergistic effects still render them a focus of interest for future investigations in combinatorial clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Bezerra Machado
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM),Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena DA Silva
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM),Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Maria Dias Nogueira
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM),Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jean Breno Silveira DA Silva
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM),Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico DE Moraes Filho
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM),Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM),Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM),Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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2
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Nehlig A, Seiler C, Steblyanko Y, Dingli F, Arras G, Loew D, Welburn J, Prigent C, Barisic M, Nahmias C. Reciprocal regulation of Aurora kinase A and ATIP3 in the control of metaphase spindle length. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1765-1779. [PMID: 32789689 PMCID: PMC11072152 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the integrity of the mitotic spindle in metaphase is essential to ensure normal cell division. We show here that depletion of microtubule-associated protein ATIP3 reduces metaphase spindle length. Mass spectrometry analyses identified the microtubule minus-end depolymerizing kinesin Kif2A as an ATIP3 binding protein. We show that ATIP3 controls metaphase spindle length by interacting with Kif2A and its partner Dda3 in an Aurora kinase A-dependent manner. In the absence of ATIP3, Kif2A and Dda3 accumulate at spindle poles, which is consistent with reduced poleward microtubule flux and shortening of the spindle. ATIP3 silencing also limits Aurora A localization to the poles. Transfection of GFP-Aurora A, but not kinase-dead mutant, rescues the phenotype, indicating that ATIP3 maintains Aurora A activity on the poles to control Kif2A targeting and spindle size. Collectively, these data emphasize the pivotal role of Aurora kinase A and its mutual regulation with ATIP3 in controlling spindle length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nehlig
- Inserm U981, Department of Molecular Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
- LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Cynthia Seiler
- Inserm U981, Department of Molecular Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
- LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Yulia Steblyanko
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florent Dingli
- Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Guillaume Arras
- Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Julie Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Claude Prigent
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Unité CNRS, UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Nahmias
- Inserm U981, Department of Molecular Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France.
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3
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Ling H, Peng L, Wang J, Rahhal R, Seto E. Histone Deacetylase SIRT1 Targets Plk2 to Regulate Centriole Duplication. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2851-2865.e3. [PMID: 30517871 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein deacetylase SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) regulates many cellular processes, including cell-cycle progression, DNA damage response, and metabolism. Although the centrosome is a key regulator of cell-cycle progression and genome stability, little is known concerning SIRT1 controlled centrosome-associated events. Here we report that the centrosome protein Plk2 is acetylated and undergoes deacetylation by SIRT1. Acetylation protects Plk2 from ubiquitination, and SIRT1-mediated deacetylation promotes ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Plk2. SIRT1 controls centriole duplication by temporally modulating centrosomal Plk2 levels. AURKA phosphorylates SIRT1 and promotes the SIRT1-Plk2 interaction in mitosis. In early-mid G1, phosphorylated SIRT1 deacetylates and promotes Plk2 degradation. In late G1, SIRT1 is hypophosphorylated and its affinity to Plk2 is decreased, resulting in a rapid accumulation of centrosomal Plk2, which contributes to the timely initiation of centriole duplication. Collectively, our findings uncover a critical role of SIRT1 in centriole duplication and provide a mechanistic insight into SIRT1-mediated centrosome-associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Ling
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Lirong Peng
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Raneen Rahhal
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Edward Seto
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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4
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Fang CT, Kuo HH, Hsu SC, Yih LH. HSP70 is required for the proper assembly of pericentriolar material and function of mitotic centrosomes. Cell Div 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 31110557 PMCID: PMC6511203 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-019-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the onset of mitosis, the centrosome expands and matures, acquiring enhanced activities for microtubule nucleation and assembly of a functional bipolar mitotic spindle. However, the mechanisms that regulate centrosome expansion and maturation are largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated in an immortalized human cell line CGL2 and cancer cell line HeLa that the inducible form of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) accumulates at the mitotic centrosome and is required for centrosome maturation and bipolar spindle assembly. Results In this study, we further show that HSP70 accumulated at the spindle pole in a PLK1-dependent manner. HSP70 colocalized with pericentrin (PCNT), CEP215 and γ-tubulin at the spindle pole and was required for the 3D assembly of these three proteins, which supports mitotic centrosome function. Loss of HSP70 disrupted mitotic centrosome structure, reduced pericentriolar material recruitment and induced fragmentation of spindle poles. In addition, HSP70 was necessary for the interaction between PCNT and CEP215 and also facilitated PLK1 accumulation and function at the spindle pole. Furthermore, we found that HSP70 chaperone activity is required for PCNT accumulation at the mitotic centrosome and assembly of mitotic spindles. Conclusion Our current results demonstrate that HSP70 is required for the accurate assembly of the pericentriolar material and proper functioning of mitotic centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ting Fang
- 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- 2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Hsu
- 2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- 2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
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5
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Aurora kinase and FGFR3 inhibition results in significant apoptosis in molecular subgroups of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34582-34594. [PMID: 30349651 PMCID: PMC6195373 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of proteins involved in cell division is a constant feature in multiple myeloma (MM), especially in high-risk disease. Increasingly, therapy of myeloma is moving towards individualization based on underlying genetic abnormalities. Aurora kinases are important mediators of cell cycle and are up regulated in MM. Functional loss of Aurora kinases results in genetic instability and dysregulated division leading to cellular aneuploidy and growth arrest. We investigated the role of Aurora kinase inhibition in MM, using a small molecule inhibitor A1014907. Low nanomolar A1014907 concentrations induced aneuploidy in MM cell lines independent of underlying cytogenetic abnormalities by inhibiting Aurora Kinases. However, A1014907 induced more pronounced and dose dependent apoptosis in cell lines with t(4;14) translocation. Translocation t(4;14) is observed in about 15% of patients with MM leading to constitutive activation of FGFR3 in two-thirds of these patients. Further investigation of the mechanism of action of A1014907 revealed potent FGFR3 pathway inhibition only in the sensitive cell lines. Thus, our results show that aurora kinase inhibition causes cell cycle arrest and aneuploidy with minimal apoptosis whereas inhibiting both aurora kinase and FGFR3 activity induced potent apoptosis in MM cells. These results support clinical evaluation of A1014907 in MM patients with t(4;14) translocation and/or FGFR3 expression.
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6
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Ryu J, Pyo J, Lee CW, Kim JE. An Aurora kinase inhibitor, AMG900, inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation by disrupting mitotic progression. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5589-5603. [PMID: 30221846 PMCID: PMC6246935 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aurora kinase family of serine/threonine protein kinases comprises Aurora A, B, and C and plays an important role in mitotic progression. Several inhibitors of Aurora kinase have been developed as anti‐cancer therapeutics. Here, we examined the effects of a pan‐Aurora kinase inhibitor, AMG900, against glioblastoma cells. AMG900 inhibited proliferation of A172, U‐87MG, and U‐118MG glioblastoma cells by upregulating p53 and p21 and subsequently inducing cell cycle arrest and senescence. Abnormal cell cycle progression was triggered by dysregulated mitosis. Mitosis was prolonged due to a defect in mitotic spindle assembly. Despite the presence of an unattached kinetochore, BubR1, a component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, was not recruited. In addition, Aurora B was not recruited to central spindle at anaphase. Abnormal mitotic progression resulted in accumulation of multinuclei and micronuclei, a type of chromosome missegregation, and ultimately inhibited cell survival. Therefore, the data suggest that AMG900‐mediated inhibition of Aurora kinase is a potential anti‐cancer therapy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Pyo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Mangal S, Sacher J, Kim T, Osório DS, Motegi F, Carvalho AX, Oegema K, Zanin E. TPXL-1 activates Aurora A to clear contractile ring components from the polar cortex during cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:837-848. [PMID: 29311228 PMCID: PMC5839786 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During cytokinesis, a signal from the central spindle that forms between the separating anaphase chromosomes promotes the accumulation of contractile ring components at the cell equator, while a signal from the centrosomal microtubule asters inhibits accumulation of contractile ring components at the cell poles. However, the molecular identity of the inhibitory signal has remained unknown. To identify molecular components of the aster-based inhibitory signal, we developed a means to monitor the removal of contractile ring proteins from the polar cortex after anaphase onset. Using this assay, we show that polar clearing is an active process that requires activation of Aurora A kinase by TPXL-1. TPXL-1 concentrates on astral microtubules coincident with polar clearing in anaphase, and its ability to recruit Aurora A and activate its kinase activity are essential for clearing. In summary, our data identify Aurora A kinase as an aster-based inhibitory signal that restricts contractile ring components to the cell equator during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriyash Mangal
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jennifer Sacher
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel Sampaio Osório
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fumio Motegi
- Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ana Xavier Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Karen Oegema
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Esther Zanin
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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8
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The Aurora kinase A inhibitor TC-A2317 disrupts mitotic progression and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84718-84735. [PMID: 27713168 PMCID: PMC5356694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression is crucial for the maintenance of chromosomal stability. A proper progression is ensured by the activities of multiple kinases. One of these enzymes, the serine/threonine kinase Aurora A, is required for proper mitosis through the regulation of centrosome and spindle assembly. In this study, we functionally characterized a newly developed Aurora kinase A inhibitor, TC-A2317. In human lung cancer cells, TC-A2317 slowed proliferation by causing aberrant formation of centrosome and microtubule spindles and prolonging the duration of mitosis. Abnormal mitotic progression led to accumulation of cells containing micronuclei or multinuclei. Furthermore, TC-A2317–treated cells underwent apoptosis, autophagy or senescence depending on cell type. In addition, TC-A2317 inactivated the spindle assembly checkpoint triggered by paclitaxel, thereby exacerbating mitotic catastrophe. Consistent with this, the expression level of Aurora A in tumors was inversely correlated with survival in lung cancer patients. Collectively, these data suggest that inhibition of Aurora kinase A using TC-A2317 is a promising target for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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9
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Kong Y, Bender A, Yan A. Identification of Novel Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) Inhibitors via Hierarchical Ligand-Based Virtual Screening. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 58:36-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kong
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 53, 15 BeiSanHuan East Road, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Centre
for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre
for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Aixia Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 53, 15 BeiSanHuan East Road, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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10
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Wang GF, Dong Q, Bai Y, Yuan J, Xu Q, Cao C, Liu X. Oxidative stress induces mitotic arrest by inhibiting Aurora A-involved mitotic spindle formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 103:177-187. [PMID: 28017898 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the oxidative modification of cellular components, including lipids, proteins and DNA, and results in DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying oxidative stress-induced mitotic abnormalities is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoted mitotic arrest. Delayed formation and abnormal function of the mitotic spindle, which directly impeded mitosis and promoted abnormal chromosome separation, was responsible for ROS-induced mitotic arrest. As a key regulator of mitotic spindle assembly, Aurora A kinase was hyperphosphorylated in early mitosis under oxidative stress, which may disturb the function of Aurora A in mitotic spindle formation. Our findings identified a mechanism by which ROS regulate mitotic progression and indicated a potential molecular target for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Avenue, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qincai Dong
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Quanbin Xu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China.
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11
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Kurokawa C, Geekiyanage H, Allen C, Iankov I, Schroeder M, Carlson B, Bakken K, Sarkaria J, Ecsedy JA, D'Assoro A, Friday B, Galanis E. Alisertib demonstrates significant antitumor activity in bevacizumab resistant, patient derived orthotopic models of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2016; 131:41-48. [PMID: 27816996 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aurora A kinase (AURKA), a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, plays a critical role in cell division, and it is widely overexpressed in a variety of tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). Alisertib (MLN8237) is an orally administered selective AURKA inhibitor with potent antiproliferative activity, currently undergoing clinical testing in different tumor types. In vitro evaluation of alisertib against the primary GBM lines, GBM6, GBM10, GBM12 and GBM39 showed significant antitumor activity with IC50s ranging between 30 and 95 nM. Orthotopic xenografts of GBM10 and the bevacizumab resistant lines GBM6 and GBM39 were established by implantating 3 × 105 cells in the caudate nucleus of nude mice; animals were randomized to treatment with either alisertib 30 mg/kg/day or vehicle. In all three models, treatment with alisertib resulted in a statistically significant prolongation of survival (p < 0.0001). In addition, alisertib administration in these mice decreased phosphorylated aurora-A, induced mitotic arrest and significantly decreased histone H3 phosphorylation in tumors. In conclusion, alisertib displays significant antitumor activity against primary GBM lines and xenografts, including patient derived GBM lines resistant to bevacizumab; these data support clinical translation in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - H Geekiyanage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - C Allen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - I Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - M Schroeder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - B Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - K Bakken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - J Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - J A Ecsedy
- Translational Medicine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - A D'Assoro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - B Friday
- Essentia Health Oncology, 420 E 1st St, Duluth, MN, 55805, USA
| | - E Galanis
- Departments of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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12
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Lui C, Mok MTS, Henderson BR. Characterization of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein Dynamics and Localization at the Centrosome. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8050047. [PMID: 27144584 PMCID: PMC4880864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor is a multifunctional regulator of Wnt signaling and acts as a mobile scaffold at different cellular sites. APC was recently found to stimulate microtubule (MT) growth at the interphase centrosome; however, little is known about its dynamics and localization at this site. To address this, we analysed APC dynamics in fixed and live cells by fluorescence microscopy. In detergent-extracted cells, we discovered that APC was only weakly retained at the centrosome during interphase suggesting a rapid rate of exchange. This was confirmed in living cells by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), which identified two pools of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-APC: a major rapidly exchanging pool (~86%) and minor retained pool (~14%). The dynamic exchange rate of APC was unaffected by C-terminal truncations implicating a targeting role for the N-terminus. Indeed, we mapped centrosome localization to N-terminal armadillo repeat (ARM) domain amino acids 334–625. Interestingly, the rate of APC movement to the centrosome was stimulated by intact MTs, and APC dynamics slowed when MTs were disrupted by nocodazole treatment or knockdown of γ-tubulin. Thus, the rate of APC recycling at the centrosome is enhanced by MT growth, suggesting a positive feedback to stimulate its role in MT growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lui
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Myth T S Mok
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Beric R Henderson
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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13
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Wu J, Yang L, Shan Y, Cai C, Wang S, Zhang H. AURKA promotes cell migration and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through regulation of the AURKA/Akt/FAK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1889-1894. [PMID: 26998095 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which Aurora kinase A (AURKA) promotes cell migration and invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Transwell assays were performed to investigate the cell migration and invasion abilities of AURKA, whilst western blotting was used to analyze the protein expression in FaDu and Hep2 cells, each treated with pharmacological inhibitors. Following the inhibition of AURKA, Akt and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the migration and invasion of the FaDu and Hep2 cells decreased. The expression of phosphorylated (p)-AURKA and p-FAK (Y397) was observed to decrease following FaDu and Hep2 cell treatment with VX-680, a small molecular inhibitor of AURKA. The expression of p-Akt and p-FAK (Y397) ceased following treatment with the Akt inhibitor triciribine. The expression of p-FAK (Y397) decreased, however, p-Akt expression did not change following treatment with the FAK inhibitor TAE226. In conclusion, AURKA activates FAK through the AURKA/Akt/FAK signaling pathway, promoting the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells, which may subsequently provide a novel approach for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yamin Shan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Changping Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Shili Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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14
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D'Assoro AB, Haddad T, Galanis E. Aurora-A Kinase as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 5:295. [PMID: 26779440 PMCID: PMC4701905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Aurora family of serine/threonine kinases are master regulators of mitotic progression and are frequently overexpressed in human cancers. Among the three members of the Aurora kinase family (Aurora-A, -B, and -C), Aurora-A and Aurora-B are expressed at detectable levels in somatic cells undergoing mitotic cell division. Aberrant Aurora-A kinase activity has been implicated in oncogenic transformation through the development of chromosomal instability and tumor cell heterogeneity. Recent studies also reveal a novel non-mitotic role of Aurora-A activity in promoting tumor progression through activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition reprograming resulting in the genesis of tumor-initiating cells. Therefore, Aurora-A kinase represents an attractive target for cancer therapeutics, and the development of small molecule inhibitors of Aurora-A oncogenic activity may improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. In the present review, we will discuss mitotic and non-mitotic functions of Aurora-A activity in oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. We will also review the current clinical studies, evaluating small molecule inhibitors of Aurora-A activity and their efficacy in the management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino B D'Assoro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tufia Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, MN , USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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15
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Ye AA, Deretic J, Hoel CM, Hinman AW, Cimini D, Welburn JP, Maresca TJ. Aurora A Kinase Contributes to a Pole-Based Error Correction Pathway. Curr Biol 2015; 25:1842-51. [PMID: 26166783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome biorientation, where sister kinetochores attach to microtubules (MTs) from opposing spindle poles, is the configuration that best ensures equal partitioning of the genome during cell division. Erroneous kinetochore-MT attachments are commonplace but are often corrected prior to anaphase. Error correction, thought to be mediated primarily by the centromere-enriched Aurora B kinase (ABK), typically occurs near spindle poles; however, the relevance of this locale is unclear. Furthermore, polar ejection forces (PEFs), highest near poles, can stabilize improper attachments by pushing mal-oriented chromosome arms away from spindle poles. Hence, there is a conundrum: erroneous kinetochore-MT attachments are weakened where PEFs are most likely to strengthen them. Here, we report that Aurora A kinase (AAK) opposes the stabilizing effect of PEFs. AAK activity contributes to phosphorylation of kinetochore substrates near poles and its inhibition results in chromosome misalignment and an increased incidence of erroneous kinetochore-MT attachments. Furthermore, AAK directly phosphorylates a site in the N-terminal tail of Ndc80/Hec1 that has been implicated in reducing the affinity of the Ndc80 complex for MTs when phosphorylated. We propose that an AAK activity gradient contributes to correcting mal-oriented kinetochore-MT attachments in the vicinity of spindle poles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Ye
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jovana Deretic
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Christopher M Hoel
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Albert W Hinman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Julie P Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Thomas J Maresca
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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16
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Li S, Deng Z, Fu J, Xu C, Xin G, Wu Z, Luo J, Wang G, Zhang S, Zhang B, Zou F, Jiang Q, Zhang C. Spatial Compartmentalization Specializes the Function of Aurora A and Aurora B. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17546-58. [PMID: 25987563 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.652453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase A and B share great similarity in sequences, structures, and phosphorylation motif, yet they show different localizations and play distinct crucial roles. The factors that determine such differences are largely unknown. Here we targeted Aurora A to the localization of Aurora B and found that Aurora A phosphorylates the substrate of Aurora B and substitutes its function in spindle checkpoint. In return, the centrosome targeting of Aurora B substitutes the function of Aurora A in the mitotic entry. Expressing the chimera proteins of the Auroras with exchanged N termini in cells indicates that the divergent N termini are also important for their spatiotemporal localizations and functions. Collectively, we demonstrate that functional divergence of Aurora kinases is determined by spatial compartmentalization, and their divergent N termini also contribute to their spatial and functional differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingyan Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Caiyue Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangwei Xin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhige Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuli Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boyan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fangdong Zou
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 and
| | - Qing Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Jung Y, Shin SY, Yong Y, Jung H, Ahn S, Lee YH, Lim Y. Plant-Derived Flavones as Inhibitors of Aurora B Kinase and Their Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:574-85. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yearam Jung
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology; BMIC; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Yeonjoong Yong
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology; BMIC; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Hyeryoung Jung
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology; BMIC; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Seunghyun Ahn
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology; BMIC; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology; BMIC; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
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18
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Zhao J, Zou Y, Liu H, Wang H, Zhang H, Hou W, Li X, Jia X, Zhang J, Hou L, Zhang B. TEIF associated centrosome activity is regulated by EGF/PI3K/Akt signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1851-64. [PMID: 24769208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome amplification, which is a characteristic of cancer cells, has been understood as a driving force of genetic instability in the development of cancer. In previous work, we demonstrated that TEIF (transcriptional element-interacting factor) distributes in the centrosomes and regulates centrosome status under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Here we identify TEIF as a downstream effector in EGF/PI3K/Akt signaling. The addition of EGF or transfection of active Akt stimulates centrosome TEIF distribution, resulting in an increase of centrosome splitting and amplification, while inhibitors of either PI3K or Akt attenuate these changes in TEIF and the associated centrosome status. A consensus motif for Akt phosphorylation (RHRVLT) proved to be involved in centrosomal TEIF localization, and the 469-threonine of this motif may be phosphorylated by Akt both in vitro and in vivo. Elimination of this phosphorylated site on TEIF caused reduced centrosome distribution and centrosome splitting or amplification. Moreover, TEIF closely co-localized with C-NAP1 at the proximal ends of centrioles, and centriolar loading of TEIF stimulated by EGF/Akt could displace C-NAP1, resulting in centrosome splitting. These findings reveal linkage of the EGF/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulation of centrosome status which may act as an oncogenic pathway and induce genetic instability in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinying Jia
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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19
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Friis-Ottessen M, De Angelis PM, Schjølberg AR, Andersen SN, Clausen OPF. Reduced hTERT protein levels are associated with DNA aneuploidy in the colonic mucosa of patients suffering from longstanding ulcerative colitis. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1477-83. [PMID: 24676865 PMCID: PMC4055619 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Longstanding ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease of chronic inflammation of the colon. It is associated with the development of colorectal cancer through a multistep process including increasing degrees of dysplasia and DNA-ploidy changes. However, not all UC patients will develop these characteristics even during lifelong disease, and patients may therefore be divided into progressors who develop dysplasia or cancer, and non-progressors who do not exhibit such changes. In the present study, the amount of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, was estimated by using peroxidase immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a set of progressor and non-progressor UC colectomies. The protein levels in the colonic mucosa of the progressors and non-progressors were compared, and further comparisons between different categories of dysplastic development and to DNA-ploidy status within the progressors were made. Levels of hTERT were elevated in the colonic mucosa of the progressors and non-progressors when compared to non-UC control samples, but no difference was observed between the hTERT levels in the mucosa of progressors and non-progressors. The levels of hTERT associated with levels of Ki67 to a significant degree within the non-progressors. hTERT expression in lesions with DNA-aneuploidy were decreased as compared to diploid lesions, when stratified for different classes of colonic morphology. Our results indicate an association between hTERT protein expression and aneuploidy in UC-progressor colons, and also a possible protective mechanism in the association between hTERT and Ki67, against development of malignant features within the mucosa of a UC-colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Friis-Ottessen
- Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Paula M De Angelis
- Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Solveig N Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, 1474 Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Ole Petter F Clausen
- Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Goldenson B, Crispino JD. The aurora kinases in cell cycle and leukemia. Oncogene 2014; 34:537-45. [PMID: 24632603 PMCID: PMC4167158 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Aurora kinases, which include Aurora A (AURKA), Aurora B (AURKB) and Aurora C (AURKC), are serine/threonine kinases required for the control of mitosis (AURKA and AURKB) and meiosis (AURKC). Since their discovery nearly 20 years ago, Aurora kinases have been studied extensively in cell and cancer biology. Several early studies found that Aurora kinases are amplified and overexpressed at the transcript and protein level in various malignancies, including several types of leukemia. These discoveries and others provided a rationale for the development of small-molecule inhibitors of Aurora kinases as leukemia therapies. The first generation of Aurora kinase inhibitors did not fare well in clinical trials, owing to poor efficacy and high toxicity. However, the creation of second-generation, highly selective Aurora kinase inhibitors has increased the enthusiasm for targeting these proteins in leukemia. This review will describe the functions of each Aurora kinase, summarize their involvement in leukemia and discuss inhibitor development and efficacy in leukemia clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Goldenson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Fargier G, Favard C, Parmeggiani A, Sahuquet A, Mérezègue F, Morel A, Denis M, Molinari N, Mangeat PH, Coopman PJ, Montcourrier P. Centrosomal targeting of Syk kinase is controlled by its catalytic activity and depends on microtubules and the dynein motor. FASEB J 2012; 27:109-22. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fargier
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire (CRBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5237Universités Montpellier 1 and Montpellier 2MontpellierFrance
- Equipe Labellisée 2007 Ligue Nationale contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Cyril Favard
- Centre d'Etudes d'Agents Pathogénes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), CNRS UMR 5236Universités Montpellier 1 and Montpellier 2MontpellierFrance
| | - Andrea Parmeggiani
- CNRS, UMR 5235, Biological Physics and System BiologyUniversité Montpellier 2MontpellierFrance
| | - Alain Sahuquet
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire (CRBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5237Universités Montpellier 1 and Montpellier 2MontpellierFrance
- Equipe Labellisée 2007 Ligue Nationale contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Fabrice Mérezègue
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire (CRBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5237Universités Montpellier 1 and Montpellier 2MontpellierFrance
- Equipe Labellisée 2007 Ligue Nationale contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Anne Morel
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire (CRBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5237Universités Montpellier 1 and Montpellier 2MontpellierFrance
- Equipe Labellisée 2007 Ligue Nationale contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Marie Denis
- Laboratoire de Biostatistique, d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Unité Pédagogique MédicaleInstitut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Université Montpellier 1MontpellierFrance
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- Laboratoire de Biostatistique, d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Unité Pédagogique MédicaleInstitut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Université Montpellier 1MontpellierFrance
| | - Paul H. Mangeat
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire (CRBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5237Universités Montpellier 1 and Montpellier 2MontpellierFrance
- Equipe Labellisée 2007 Ligue Nationale contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Peter J. Coopman
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire (CRBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5237Universités Montpellier 1 and Montpellier 2MontpellierFrance
- Equipe Labellisée 2007 Ligue Nationale contre le CancerParisFrance
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U896Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer (CRLC) Val d'AurelleUniversité Montpellier 1MontpellierFrance
| | - Philippe Montcourrier
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire (CRBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5237Universités Montpellier 1 and Montpellier 2MontpellierFrance
- Equipe Labellisée 2007 Ligue Nationale contre le CancerParisFrance
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U896Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer (CRLC) Val d'AurelleUniversité Montpellier 1MontpellierFrance
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22
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Brodie KM, Henderson BR. Characterization of BRCA1 protein targeting, dynamics, and function at the centrosome: a role for the nuclear export signal, CRM1, and Aurora A kinase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:7701-16. [PMID: 22262852 PMCID: PMC3293534 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.327296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 is a DNA damage response protein and functions in the nucleus to stimulate DNA repair and at the centrosome to inhibit centrosome overduplication in response to DNA damage. The loss or mutation of BRCA1 causes centrosome amplification and abnormal mitotic spindle assembly in breast cancer cells. The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer binds and ubiquitinates γ-tubulin to inhibit centrosome amplification and promote microtubule nucleation; however regulation of BRCA1 targeting and function at the centrosome is poorly understood. Here we show that both N and C termini of BRCA1 are required for its centrosomal localization and that BRCA1 moves to the centrosome independently of BARD1 and γ-tubulin. Mutations in the C-terminal phosphoprotein-binding BRCT domain of BRCA1 prevented localization to centrosomes. Photobleaching experiments identified dynamic (60%) and immobilized (40%) pools of ectopic BRCA1 at the centrosome, and these are regulated by the nuclear export receptor CRM1 (chromosome region maintenance 1) and BARD1. CRM1 mediates nuclear export of BRCA1, and mutation of the export sequence blocked BRCA1 regulation of centrosome amplification in irradiated cells. CRM1 binds to undimerized BRCA1 and is displaced by BARD1. Photobleaching assays implicate CRM1 in driving undimerized BRCA1 to the centrosome and revealed that when BRCA1 subsequently binds to BARD1, it is less well retained at centrosomes, suggesting a mechanism to accelerate BRCA1 release after formation of the active heterodimer. Moreover, Aurora A binding and phosphorylation of BRCA1 enhanced its centrosomal retention and regulation of centrosome amplification. Thus, CRM1, BARD1 and Aurora A promote the targeting and function of BRCA1 at centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M. Brodie
- From the Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, Darcy Road (P.O. Box 412), Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Beric R. Henderson
- From the Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, Darcy Road (P.O. Box 412), Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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23
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Brodie KM, Mok MTS, Henderson BR. Characterization of BARD1 targeting and dynamics at the centrosome: the role of CRM1, BRCA1 and the Q564H mutation. Cell Signal 2012; 24:451-459. [PMID: 21982881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BARD1 heterodimerizes with BRCA1, forming an E3 ubiquitin ligase that functions at nuclear foci to repair DNA damage and the centrosome to regulate mitosis. We compared BARD1 recruitment at these structures using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assays to measure YFP-BARD1 dynamics in live cells. In nuclei at ionizing radiation-induced foci, 20% of the BARD1 pool was immobile and 80% of slow mobility exhibiting a recovery time >500 s. In contrast, at centrosomes 83% of BARD1 was rapidly mobile with extremely fast turnover (recovery time ~20s). The ~25-fold faster exchange of BARD1 at centrosomes correlated with BRCA1-independent recruitment. We mapped key targeting sequences to a combination of the N and C-termini, and showed that mutation of the nuclear export signal reduced centrosome localization by 50%, revealing a role for CRM1. Deletion of the sequence 128-550 increased BARD1 turnover at the centrosome, consistent with a role in transient associations. Conversely, the cancer mutation Q564H reduced turnover by 25%. BARD1 is one of the most highly mobile proteins yet detected at the centrosome, and in contrast to its localization at DNA repair foci, which requires dimerization with BRCA1, targeting of BARD1 to the centrosome occurs prior to heterodimerization and its rapid turnover may provide a mechanism to regulate dimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Brodie
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Myth T S Mok
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Beric R Henderson
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Mahen R, Venkitaraman AR. Pattern formation in centrosome assembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:14-23. [PMID: 22245706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A striking but poorly explained feature of cell division is the ability to assemble and maintain organelles not bounded by membranes, from freely diffusing components in the cytosol. This process is driven by information transfer across biological scales such that interactions at the molecular scale allow pattern formation at the scale of the organelle. One important example of such an organelle is the centrosome, which is the main microtubule organising centre in the cell. Centrosomes consist of two centrioles surrounded by a cloud of proteins termed the pericentriolar material (PCM). Profound structural and proteomic transitions occur in the centrosome during specific cell cycle stages, underlying events such as centrosome maturation during mitosis, in which the PCM increases in size and microtubule nucleating capacity. Here we use recent insights into the spatio-temporal behaviour of key regulators of centrosomal maturation, including Polo-like kinase 1, CDK5RAP2 and Aurora-A, to propose a model for the assembly and maintenance of the PCM through the mobility and local interactions of its constituent proteins. We argue that PCM structure emerges as a pattern from decentralised self-organisation through a reaction-diffusion mechanism, with or without an underlying template, rather than being assembled from a central structural template alone. Self-organisation of this kind may have broad implications for the maintenance of mitotic structures, which, like the centrosome, exist stably as supramolecular assemblies on the micron scale, based on molecular interactions at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mahen
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OXZ, United Kingdom.
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25
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Pérez de Castro I, Aguirre-Portolés C, Martin B, Fernández-Miranda G, Klotzbucher A, Kubbutat MHG, Megías D, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Malumbres M. A SUMOylation Motif in Aurora-A: Implications for Spindle Dynamics and Oncogenesis. Front Oncol 2011; 1:50. [PMID: 22649767 PMCID: PMC3355891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora-A is a serine/threonine kinase that plays critical roles in centrosome maturation, spindle dynamics, and chromosome orientation and it is frequently over-expressed in human cancers. In this work, we show that Aurora-A interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and co-localizes with SUMO1 in mitotic cells. Aurora-A can be SUMOylated in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of the highly conserved SUMOylation residue lysine 249 significantly disrupts Aurora-A SUMOylation and mitotic defects characterized by defective and multipolar spindles ensue. The Aurora-AK249R mutant has normal kinase activity but displays altered dynamics at the mitotic spindle. In addition, ectopic expression of the Aurora-AK249R mutant results in a significant increase in susceptibility to malignant transformation induced by the Ras oncogene. These data suggest that modification by SUMO residues may control Aurora-A function at the spindle and that deficiency of SUMOylation of this kinase may have important implications for tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Pérez de Castro
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas Madrid, Spain
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26
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Kim HS, Vassilopoulos A, Wang RH, Lahusen T, Xiao Z, Xu X, Li C, Veenstra TD, Li B, Yu H, Ji J, Wang XW, Park SH, Cha YI, Gius D, Deng CX. SIRT2 maintains genome integrity and suppresses tumorigenesis through regulating APC/C activity. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:487-99. [PMID: 22014574 PMCID: PMC3199577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of sirtuin family regulate multiple critical biological processes, yet their role in carcinogenesis remains controversial. To investigate the physiological functions of SIRT2 in development and tumorigenesis, we disrupted Sirt2 in mice. We demonstrated that SIRT2 regulates the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activity through deacetylation of its coactivators, APC(CDH1) and CDC20. SIRT2 deficiency caused increased levels of mitotic regulators, including Aurora-A and -B that direct centrosome amplification, aneuploidy, and mitotic cell death. Sirt2-deficient mice develop gender-specific tumorigenesis, with females primarily developing mammary tumors, and males developing more hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Human breast cancers and HCC samples exhibited reduced SIRT2 levels compared with normal tissues. These data demonstrate that SIRT2 is a tumor suppressor through its role in regulating mitosis and genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Kim
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rui-Hong Wang
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyler Lahusen
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 20170, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiling Li
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy D. Veenstra
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 20170, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Junfang Ji
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yong I. Cha
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Nakajima Y, Cormier A, Tyers RG, Pigula A, Peng Y, Drubin DG, Barnes G. Ipl1/Aurora-dependent phosphorylation of Sli15/INCENP regulates CPC-spindle interaction to ensure proper microtubule dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 194:137-53. [PMID: 21727193 PMCID: PMC3135399 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201009137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic microtubules facilitate chromosome arrangement before anaphase, whereas during anaphase microtubule stability assists chromosome separation. Changes in microtubule dynamics at the metaphase-anaphase transition are regulated by Cdk1. Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of Sli15/INCENP promotes preanaphase microtubule dynamics by preventing chromosomal passenger complex (CPC; Sli15/INCENP, Bir1/Survivin, Nbl1/Borealin, Ipl1/Aurora) association with spindles. However, whether Cdk1 has sole control over microtubule dynamics, and how CPC-microtubule association influences microtubule behavior, are unclear. Here, we show that Ipl1/Aurora-dependent phosphorylation of Sli15/INCENP modulates microtubule dynamics by preventing CPC binding to the preanaphase spindle and to the central spindle until late anaphase, facilitating spatiotemporal control of microtubule dynamics required for proper metaphase centromere positioning and anaphase spindle elongation. Decreased Ipl1-dependent Sli15 phosphorylation drives direct CPC binding to microtubules, revealing how the CPC influences microtubule dynamics. We propose that Cdk1 and Ipl1/Aurora cooperatively modulate microtubule dynamics and that Ipl1/Aurora-dependent phosphorylation of Sli15 controls spindle function by excluding the CPC from spindle regions engaged in microtubule polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakajima
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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28
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Yang F, Guo X, Yang G, Rosen DG, Liu J. AURKA and BRCA2 expression highly correlate with prognosis of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:836-45. [PMID: 21441901 PMCID: PMC3152794 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinase A (AURKA), a serine/threonine kinase, has been shown to regulate the cell cycle checkpoint and maintain genomic integrity. AURKA is overexpressed in various carcinomas. Breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) has an important role in maintaining genomic stability and acts as a tumor suppressor. Our recent study suggested that AURKA regulates genomic instability and tumorigenesis through cell cycle dysregulation and suppression of BRCA2 expression. However, the expression of AURKA, BRCA2 and their clinical significance is unknown in endometrioid ovarian cancer. In this study, we determined AURKA and BRCA2 expression in endometrioid ovarian carcinoma and correlated them with clinicopathologic characteristics and patient survival. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 51 primary endometrioid ovarian carcinoma tumor samples, using tissue microarray. We then analyzed the associations between AURKA and BRCA2 expression and clinical factors (tumor grade, disease stage, surgical type, clinical response, and relapse) and overall and disease-free survival durations. AURKA and BRCA2 expression were found in 48 and 29% of the samples, respectively. The results of Fisher's exact test suggested that AURKA expression was significantly associated with no family history of ovarian cancer (P=0.03) and that BRCA2 expression was associated with early-stage disease (P=0.03), low ascites incidence (P=0.03), younger age (<60) at diagnosis (P=0.03), and low-grade tumors (P<0.01). The nuclear BRCA2 score was negatively correlated with AURKA score (P=0.019, two-tailed Pearson correlation). A log-rank test demonstrated that AURKA expression was associated with shorter overall (P=0.001) and disease-free (P=0.009) survival durations, and that BRCA2 expression was associated with longer overall (P=0.000) and disease-free (P=0.002) durations. Patients with BRCA2-positive and AURKA-negative tumors had higher overall (P=0.001) and disease-free (P=0.001) survival rates than did patients with AURKA-positive and BRCA2-negative tumors. Our results demonstrate that a negative regulatory loop exists between AURKA and BRCA2 expression in the ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. AURKA expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with endometrioid ovarian cancer and BRCA2 is favorable, combination of these two markers may better predict the prognosis of patients with endometrioid ovarian carcinoma than individual marker alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gong Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel G Rosen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Effects of stable knockdown of Aurora kinase A on proliferation, migration, chromosomal instability, and expression of focal adhesion kinase and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in HEp-2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 357:95-106. [PMID: 21590355 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is frequently observed in various cancers, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We investigated the effects of knockdown of AURKA on laryngeal cancer HEp-2 cells both in vitro and in vivo. A plasmid containing short hairpin (sh)RNA against AURKA was constructed and transfected into HEp-2. Measurements included the CCK-8 assay for viability and proliferation, flow cytometry for apoptosis and effects on the mitotic checkpoint, a trans-well assay for migration, immunofluorescence for assessment of genomic instability, and western blotting for protein expression. AURKA knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and colony formation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. The knockdown induced the accumulation of cells in G2-M phase and eventual apoptosis. Knockdown of AURKA caused delayed entry into mitosis after treatment with nocodazole, reduced chromosomal instability, and decreased expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphorylated FAK, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), key regulators in cell adhesion and invasion. Knockdown of AURKA inhibits the growth and invasiveness of this LSCC cell line both in vitro and in vivo. These effects may partially result from the reduced expression of FAK and MMP-2. Knockdown of AURKA expression may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of LSCC.
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30
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Ma N, Matsunaga S, Morimoto A, Sakashita G, Urano T, Uchiyama S, Fukui K. The nuclear scaffold protein SAF-A is required for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and contributes to the targeting of Aurora-A to mitotic spindles. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:394-404. [PMID: 21242313 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.063347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Segregation of chromosomes during cell division requires correct formation of mitotic spindles. Here, we show that a scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A), also known as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-U, contributes to the attachment of spindle microtubules (MTs) to kinetochores and spindle organization. During mitosis, SAF-A was localized at the spindles, spindle midzone and cytoplasmic bridge. Depletion of SAF-A by RNA interference induced mitotic delay and defects in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly. We found that SAF-A specifically co-immunoprecipitated with the chromosome peripheral protein nucleolin and the spindle regulators Aurora-A and TPX2, indicating that SAF-A is associated with nucleolin and the Aurora-A-TPX2 complex. SAF-A was colocalized with TPX2 and Aurora-A in spindle poles and MTs. Elimination of TPX2 or Aurora-A from cells abolished the association of SAF-A with the mitotic spindle. Interestingly, SAF-A can bind to MTs and contributes to the targeting of Aurora-A to mitotic spindle MTs. Our finding indicates that SAF-A is a novel spindle regulator that plays an essential role in kinetochore-MT attachment and mitotic spindle organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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31
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Persico A, Cervigni RI, Barretta ML, Corda D, Colanzi A. Golgi partitioning controls mitotic entry through Aurora-A kinase. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:3708-21. [PMID: 20844084 PMCID: PMC2965687 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-03-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
At the onset of mitosis, the Golgi complex undergoes a multistep fragmentation process that is required for its correct partitioning into the daughter cells. Inhibition of this Golgi fragmentation results in cell cycle arrest at the G2 stage, suggesting that correct inheritance of the Golgi complex is monitored by a "Golgi mitotic checkpoint." However, the molecular basis of this G2 block is not known. Here, we show that the G2-specific Golgi fragmentation stage is concomitant with centrosome recruitment and activation of the mitotic kinase Aurora-A, an essential regulator for entry into mitosis. We show that a block of Golgi partitioning impairs centrosome recruitment and activation of Aurora-A, which results in the G2 block of cell cycle progression. Overexpression of Aurora-A overrides this cell cycle block, indicating that Aurora-A is a major effector of the Golgi checkpoint. Our findings provide the basis for further understanding of the signaling pathways that coordinate organelle inheritance and cell duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Persico
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
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32
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Molli PR, Li DQ, Bagheri-Yarmand R, Pakala SB, Katayama H, Sen S, Iyer J, Chernoff J, Tsai MY, Nair SS, Kumar R. Arpc1b, a centrosomal protein, is both an activator and substrate of Aurora A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 190:101-14. [PMID: 20603326 PMCID: PMC2911675 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200908050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its function as an Arp2/3 complex subunit, Arp1cb interacts with and stimulates Aurora A at centrosomes, functioning in cell cycle progression. Here we provide evidence in support of an inherent role for Arpc1b, a component of the Arp2/3 complex, in regulation of mitosis and demonstrate that its depletion inhibits Aurora A activation at the centrosome and impairs the ability of mammalian cells to enter mitosis. We discovered that Arpc1b colocalizes with γ-tubulin at centrosomes and stimulates Aurora A activity. Aurora A phosphorylates Arpc1b on threonine 21, and expression of Arpc1b but not a nonphosphorylatable Arpc1b mutant in mammalian cells leads to Aurora A kinase activation and abnormal centrosome amplification in a Pak1-independent manner. Together, these findings reveal a new function for Arpc1b in centrosomal homeostasis. Arpc1b is both a physiological activator and substrate of Aurora A kinase and these interactions help to maintain mitotic integrity in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam R Molli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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33
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Katsetos CD, Dráberová E, Legido A, Dráber P. Tubulin targets in the pathobiology and therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. II. γ-tubulin. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:514-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Kishi K, van Vugt MATM, Okamoto KI, Hayashi Y, Yaffe MB. Functional dynamics of Polo-like kinase 1 at the centrosome. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:3134-50. [PMID: 19307309 PMCID: PMC2682011 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01663-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) functions as a key regulator of mitotic events by phosphorylating substrate proteins on centrosomes, kinetochores, the mitotic spindle, and the midbody. Through mechanisms that are incompletely understood, Plk1 is released from and relocalizes to different mitotic structures as cells proceed through mitosis. We used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to examine the kinetics of this process in more detail. We observed that Plk1 displayed a range of different recovery rates that differ at each mitotic substructure and depend on both the Polo-box domain and a functional kinase domain. Upon mitotic entry, centrosomal Plk1 becomes more dynamic, a process that is directly enhanced by Plk1 kinase activity. In contrast, Plk1 displays little dynamic exchange at the midbody, a process that again is modulated by the kinase activity of Plk1. Our findings suggest that the intrinsic kinase activity of Plk1 triggers its release from early mitotic structures and its relocalization to late mitotic structures. To assess the importance of Plk1 dynamic relocalization, Plk1 was persistently tethered to the centrosome. This resulted in a G(2) delay, followed by a prominent prometaphase arrest, as a consequence of defective spindle formation and activation of the spindle checkpoint. The dynamic release of Plk1 from early mitotic structures is thus crucial for mid- to late-stage mitotic events and demonstrates the importance of a fully dynamic Plk1 at the centrosome for proper cell cycle progression. This dependence on dynamic Plk1 was further observed during the mitotic reentry of cells after a DNA damage G(2) checkpoint, as this process was significantly delayed upon centrosomal tethering of Plk1. These results indicate that mitotic progression and control of mitotic reentry after DNA damage resides, at least in part, on the dynamic behavior of Plk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kishi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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35
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Harper M, Tillit J, Kress M, Ernoult-Lange M. Phosphorylation-dependent binding of human transcription factor MOK2 to lamin A/C. FEBS J 2009; 276:3137-47. [PMID: 19490114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human MOK2 is a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor. Previously, we identified nuclear lamin A/C proteins as protein partners of hsMOK2. Furthermore, we found that a fraction of hsMOK2 protein was associated with the nuclear matrix. We therefore suggested that hsMOK2 interactions with lamin A/C and the nuclear matrix may be important for its ability to repress transcription. In this study, we identify JNK-associated leucine zipper and JSAP1 scaffold proteins, two members of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting proteins family as partners of hsMOK2. Because these results suggested that hsMOK2 could be phosphorylated, we investigated the phosphorylation status of hsMOK2. We identified Ser38 and Ser129 of hsMOK2 as phosphorylation sites of JNK3 kinase, and Ser46 as a phosphorylation site of Aurora A and protein kinase A. These three serine residues are located in the lamin A/C-binding domain. Interestingly, we were able to demonstrate that the phosphorylation of hsMOK2 interfered with its ability to bind lamin A/C.
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36
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Kong X, Ball AR, Sonoda E, Feng J, Takeda S, Fukagawa T, Yen TJ, Yokomori K. Cohesin associates with spindle poles in a mitosis-specific manner and functions in spindle assembly in vertebrate cells. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:1289-301. [PMID: 19116315 PMCID: PMC2649254 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-04-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is an essential protein complex required for sister chromatid cohesion. Cohesin associates with chromosomes and establishes sister chromatid cohesion during interphase. During metaphase, a small amount of cohesin remains at the chromosome-pairing domain, mainly at the centromeres, whereas the majority of cohesin resides in the cytoplasm, where its functions remain unclear. We describe the mitosis-specific recruitment of cohesin to the spindle poles through its association with centrosomes and interaction with nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA). Overexpression of NuMA enhances cohesin accumulation at spindle poles. Although transient cohesin depletion does not lead to visible impairment of normal spindle formation, recovery from nocodazole-induced spindle disruption was significantly impaired. Importantly, selective blocking of cohesin localization to centromeres, which disrupts centromeric sister chromatid cohesion, had no effect on this spindle reassembly process, clearly separating the roles of cohesin at kinetochores and spindle poles. In vitro, chromosome-independent spindle assembly using mitotic extracts was compromised by cohesin depletion, and it was rescued by addition of cohesin that was isolated from mitotic, but not S phase, cells. The combined results identify a novel spindle-associated role for human cohesin during mitosis, in addition to its function at the centromere/kinetochore regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangduo Kong
- *Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1700
| | - Alexander R. Ball
- *Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1700
| | - Eiichiro Sonoda
- CREST Research Project, Japan Science and Technology, Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jie Feng
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- CREST Research Project, Japan Science and Technology, Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics and SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tim J. Yen
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Kyoko Yokomori
- *Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1700
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Localization of TEIF in the centrosome and its functional association with centrosome amplification in DNA damage, telomere dysfunction and human cancers. Oncogene 2009; 28:1549-60. [PMID: 19198626 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Centrosome amplification and telomere shortening, which are commonly detected in human cancers, have been implicated in the induction of chromosome instability in tumorigenesis. The functions of these two structures are closely related to DNA damage repair machinery, and some factors that operate in the maintenance of telomeres also take part in the regulation of centrosome status, suggesting they are functionally linked. We report that TEIF (telomerase transcriptional elements-interacting factor), a transactivator of the hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit) gene, is distributed in the centrosome throughout the cell cycle, but its transport into the centrosome is increased under some conditions, and its distribution is dependent on its C-terminal domain. Experimental modulation of TEIF expression through overexpression, polypeptide expression or depletion affected centrosome status and increased abnormalities of cell mitosis. Localization of TEIF to the centrosome was also stimulated by treatment with genotoxic agents and experimental telomere dysfunction, accompanying centrosome amplification. Moreover, we demonstrated that the expression level of TEIF is not only closely correlated with centrosome amplification in soft tissue sarcomas but it is also significantly related to tumor histologic grade. Our data confirmed TEIF functions as a centrosome regulator. Its participation in DNA damage response, including telomere dysfunction and tumorigenesis, indicates TEIF is likely to be a factor involved in linking centrosome amplification and telomere dysfunction in cancer development.
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Rannou Y, Troadec MB, Petretti C, Hans F, Dutertre S, Dimitrov S, Prigent C. Localization of aurora A and aurora B kinases during interphase: role of the N-terminal domain. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:3012-20. [PMID: 18802402 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.19.6718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases possess a conserved catalytic domain (CD) and a N-terminal domain (ND) that varies in size and sequence. We have previously reported that the N-terminal domain of AuroraA (AurA) participates in the localization of the kinase to the centrosome in interphase. AuroraB (AurB) is a chromosome passenger protein and its N-terminal domain is not necessary for its localization or function during mitosis. Using various combinations of GFP-AurA and AurB protein domains we show that AurB N-terminal domain is required for nuclear localization in Xenopus XL2 cells in interphase. In human cells, however, we found both AurA and AurB kinases in the nucleus, AurA being mainly cytoplasmic and AurB mainly nuclear. Both proteins are actively excluded from the nucleus by a CRM1 dependent pathway. Interestingly, at a functional level, in interphase, every combination of Aurora kinase domains (ND-CD) rescues histone H3 Serine10 phosphorylation defect induced by AurB knockdown. This clearly indicates the presence of a functional AurA in the nucleus. However, the chimera ND-AurA/CD-AurB was much more efficient than the ND-AurB/ CD-AurA to rescue multinucleation also induced by AurB knockdown. This indicates that the catalytic domain of AurB is required to fulfill specific functions during mitosis that cannot be fulfilled by the catalytic domain of AurA, probably for localization reasons during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Rannou
- CNRS UMR 6061 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140, Rennes, France
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Chan EHY, Santamaria A, Silljé HHW, Nigg EA. Plk1 regulates mitotic Aurora A function through betaTrCP-dependent degradation of hBora. Chromosoma 2008; 117:457-69. [PMID: 18521620 PMCID: PMC2921497 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-008-0165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and Aurora A play key roles in centrosome maturation, spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation during cell division. Here we show that the functions of these kinases during early mitosis are coordinated through Bora, a partner of Aurora A first identified in Drosophila. Depletion of human Bora (hBora) results in spindle defects, accompanied by increased spindle recruitment of Aurora A and its partner TPX2. Conversely, hBora overexpression induces mislocalization of Aurora A and monopolar spindle formation, reminiscent of the phenotype seen in Plk1-depleted cells. Indeed, Plk1 regulates hBora. Following Cdk1-dependent recruitment, Plk1 triggers hBora destruction by phosphorylating a recognition site for SCF(Beta-TrCP). Plk1 depletion or inhibition results in a massive accumulation of hBora, concomitant with displacement of Aurora A from spindle poles and impaired centrosome maturation, but remarkably, co-depletion of hBora partially restores Aurora A localization and bipolar spindle formation. This suggests that Plk1 controls Aurora A localization and function by regulating cellular levels of hBora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice H. Y. Chan
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Present Address: Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX UK
| | - Anna Santamaria
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Herman H. W. Silljé
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Present Address: Kiadis Pharma, Zernikepark 6-8, 9747 AN Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erich A. Nigg
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Wang L, Zhu G, Yang D, Li Q, Li Y, Xu X, He D, Zeng C. The spindle function of CDCA4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:581-93. [PMID: 18498124 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to discover novel proteins functioning in both interphase nucleus and mitotic spindle as NuMA does, we carried out cDNA library screening with pooled autoimmune antibodies. Among positive clones we found a recently identified transcription regulatory protein (CDCA4) with the distinctive nuclear-mitotic apparatus distribution. CDCA4 localizes at metaphase spindle poles and the midzone in later stages. Additionally, an intensive CDCA4 accumulation parallel to spindle was observed in half of metaphase cells but not in later stages, implying a transient form of CDCA4 binding to midzone from anaphase. Mitotic arrest dissolved CDCA4 from centrosomes but during the spindle recovery, CDCA4 invariably colocalized with the microtubule nucleation foci as a component of microtubule organization center. RNA interference of CDCA4 resulted in significant increase of multinuclei and multipolar spindles, suggesting impaired function in chromosome segregation or cytokinesis. However, the spindle checkpoint and the centrosome cycle appeared not to be affected by such interference. Furthermore, CDCA4 depletion resulted in accelerated cell proliferation, perhaps due to the disruption of CDCA4 nuclear function as a transcription suppressor. Interphase CDCA4 is localized in nucleoli by immunofluorescence, although GFP-CDCA4 expressed in the nucleoplasm. An N-terminal KRKC domain appears to be the nuclear localization signal as identified by sequence alignment and the expression of truncated mutants. Taken together, our results suggested that as a novel nuclearmitotic apparatus protein, CDCA4 is involved in spindle organization from prometaphase. When anaphase begins, CDCA4 may play a different role as a midzone factor involved in chromosome segregation or cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing China
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41
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Dissecting the role of Aurora A during spindle assembly. EMBO J 2008; 27:2567-79. [PMID: 18756265 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosomal kinase Aurora A (AurA) is required for cell cycle progression, centrosome maturation and spindle assembly. However, the way it participates in spindle assembly is still quite unclear. Using the Xenopus egg extract system, we have dissected the role of AurA in the different microtubule (MT) assembly pathways involved in spindle formation. We developed a new tool based on the activation of AurA by TPX2 to clearly define the requirements for localization and activation of the kinase during spindle assembly. We show that localized AurA kinase activity is required to target factors involved in MT nucleation and stabilization to the centrosome, therefore promoting the formation of a MT aster. In addition, AurA strongly enhances MT nucleation mediated by the Ran pathway through cytoplasmic phosphorylation. Altogether, our data show that AurA exerts an effect as a key regulator of MT assembly during M phase and therefore of bipolar spindle formation.
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Sugimoto K, Senda-Murata K, Oka S. Construction of three quadruple-fluorescent MDA435 cell lines that enable monitoring of the whole chromosome segregation process in the living state. Mutat Res 2008; 657:56-62. [PMID: 18778791 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic events from prophase to telophase are defined by morphology or movement of chromatin, nuclear envelope, centrosomes and spindles. Live-cell imaging is useful for characterizing the whole chromosome segregation process in the living state. In this study, we constructed three quadruple-fluorescent MDA435 cell lines in which chromatin, kinetochores, nuclear envelope and either inner centromere, microtubules or centrosomes/spindles were differentially visualized with cyan, green, orange and red fluorescent proteins (ECFP, EGFP, mKO and DsRed). Each mitotic stage of the individual cells could be identified by capturing live-cell images without the requirement of fixing or staining steps. In addition, we obtained four-color time-lapse images of one cell line, MDA-Auro/imp/H3/AF, from prophase to metaphase and from early anaphase to telophase. These quadruple-fluorescent cell lines will be useful for precisely analyzing the mitotic events from prophase through to telophase in single cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugimoto
- Live Cell Imaging Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Alieva IB, Uzbekov RE. The centrosome is a polyfunctional multiprotein cell complex. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:626-43. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908060023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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AIP regulates stability of Aurora-A at early mitotic phase coordinately with GSK-3beta. Oncogene 2008; 27:4478-87. [PMID: 18391981 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3beta) regulates microtubule dynamics and cellular polarity through phosphorylating various microtubule associating proteins and plus-end tracking proteins. Although it was also reported that GSK-3beta is inactivated by protein kinase B at the spindle poles, functions and targets of GSK-3beta in the mitotic phase are unknown. Here, we identified Aurora-A-interacting protein (AIP), a negative regulator of Aurora-A, as a binding partner of GSK-3beta. AIP was colocalized with Aurora-A and GSK-3beta to the spindle poles in metaphase, and its depletion in cells stabilized and activated Aurora-A in early mitotic phase and caused mitotic cell arrest. Treatment of the cells with a GSK-3beta inhibitor reduced the protein level of Aurora-A and this reduction was suppressed by AIP knockdown. AIP was phosphorylated by GSK-3beta, and an AIP mutant in which the GSK-3beta phosphorylation site was mutated could bind and downregulate Aurora-A more efficiently. These results suggest that GSK-3beta modulates the early mitotic Aurora-A level through binding and phosphorylating AIP.
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Abstract
The gene encoding the Aurora-A protein kinase is located in the 20q13 breast cancer amplicon and is also overexpressed in colorectal, pancreatic and gastric tumours. Although Aurora-A may not be a bona fide oncoprotein in humans, it is a promising drug target in cancer therapy. Thus, it is surprising that so little is known of its role in normal cells. The primary function of Aurora-A is to promote bipolar spindle assembly, but the molecular details of this process remained obscure until recently. The discovery of several novel Aurora-A-binding proteins and substrates has implicated Aurora-A in centrosome maturation and separation, acentrosomal and centrosomal spindle assembly, kinetochore function, cytokinesis and in cell fate determination. Here we discuss recent advances in determining the early mitotic role of Aurora-A, with a strong emphasis on its function at the mitotic spindle poles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis R Barr
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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Functional Significance of Aurora Kinase A in Centrosome Amplification and Genomic Instability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 617:99-108. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhang Z, Singh M, Davidson S, Rosen DG, Yang G, Liu J. Activation of BTAK expression in primary ovarian surface epithelial cells of prophylactic ovaries. Mod Pathol 2007; 20:1078-84. [PMID: 17673924 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ovarian epithelial cells carrying heterozygous BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (we called BRCA1/2 mutation) are known to predispose to the development of ovarian cancer; however, the molecular basis of such predisposition is largely unknown. We hypothesize that BTAK may be a potential target for heterozygous BRCA1/2 mutation. We sought to determine the relationship between the status of BRCA1/2 heterozygous mutation and BTAK expression in prophylactically removed ovaries as compared with normal ovaries and ovarian cancer controls. Western blot analysis of BTAK was performed in a primary cell culture carrying heterozygous BRCA1 mutation and three normal ovarian surface epithelial cell cultures. Immunohistochemical analysis of BTAK expression was also performed by image analysis in ovaries of 21 patients with known BRCA1/2 mutation or very strong family history of breast/ovarian cancer that underwent prophylactic oophorectomy, 38 normal ovaries from patients without any known mutation, and 194 ovarian carcinomas. The BTAK expression was significantly increased in primary culture carrying a heterozygous BRCA1 mutation as compared to those with no known BRCA1/2 mutation. Immunohistochemical staining of BTAK showed increased expression in ovarian epithelial cells carrying BRCA1/2 mutation or strong breast/ovarian family history compared with normal ovaries (P<0.001). Higher BTAK expression was found in ovarian cancer cells compared to ovaries without cancer but with known BRCA1/2 mutation or strong family history (P<0.001), and expression levels of BTAK and p53 were directly correlated (r=0.306; P<0.001). Increased expression of BTAK is directly correlated with mutation status of BRCA1/2 genes, suggesting that mutation in a single allele of either BRCA1 or 2 may be responsible for the activation of BTAK. This activation may be a key early genetic event in the development of hereditary ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4095, USA
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North BJ, Verdin E. Interphase nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and localization of SIRT2 during mitosis. PLoS One 2007; 2:e784. [PMID: 17726514 PMCID: PMC1949146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT2 resides predominantly in the cytoplasm where it functions as a tubulin deacetylase. Here we report that SIRT2 maintains a largely cytoplasmic localization during interphase by active nuclear export in a Crm1-dependent manner. We identified a functional, leptomycin B-sensitive, nuclear export signal sequence within SIRT2. During the cell cycle, SIRT2 becomes enriched in the nucleus and is associated with mitotic structures, beginning with the centrosome during prophase, the mitotic spindle during metaphase, and the midbody during cytokinesis. Cells overexpressing wild-type or a catalytically inactive SIRT2 exhibit an increase in multinucleated cells. The findings suggest a novel mechanism of regulating SIRT2 function by nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, as well as a role for SIRT2 in the nucleus during interphase and throughout mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. North
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Portier N, Audhya A, Maddox PS, Green RA, Dammermann A, Desai A, Oegema K. A microtubule-independent role for centrosomes and aurora a in nuclear envelope breakdown. Dev Cell 2007; 12:515-29. [PMID: 17419991 PMCID: PMC2973840 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aurora A kinase localizes to centrosomes and is required for centrosome maturation and spindle assembly. Here we describe a microtubule-independent role for Aurora A and centrosomes in nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) during the first mitotic division of the C. elegans embryo. Aurora A depletion does not alter the onset or kinetics of chromosome condensation, but dramatically lengthens the interval between the completion of condensation and NEBD. Inhibiting centrosome assembly by other means also lengthens this interval, albeit to a lesser extent than Aurora A depletion. By contrast, centrosomally nucleated microtubules and the nuclear envelope-associated motor dynein are not required for timely NEBD. These results indicate that mitotic centrosomes generate a diffusible factor, which we propose is activated Aurora A, that promotes NEBD. A positive feedback loop, in which an Aurora A-dependent increase in centrosome size promotes Aurora A activation, may temporally couple centrosome maturation to NEBD during mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Portier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | | | - Rebecca A. Green
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alexander Dammermann
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Li JJ, Li SA. Mitotic kinases: the key to duplication, segregation, and cytokinesis errors, chromosomal instability, and oncogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 111:974-84. [PMID: 16603252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are commonly observed in the vast majority of human solid tumors and in many hematological malignancies. These features are considered defining characteristics of human breast, bladder and kidney cancers since they markedly exceed a 50% aneuploidy frequency. The detection of persistent mitotic kinase over-expression, particularly the Aurora family, and centrosome amplification in precursor/pre-malignant stages, strongly implicate these molecular changes in precipitating the aneuploidy seen in many human neoplasms. Mitotic spindle checkpoint defects may also lead to aneuploid tumors. However, the sustained over-expression and activity of various members of the mitotic kinase families, including Aurora (Aur) (A, B, C), Polo-like (Plk1-4), and Nek (NIMA1-11) in diverse human tumors strongly indicate that these entities are intimately involved in the development of errors in centrosome duplication, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. Mitotic kinases have also been implicated in regulating the centrosome cycle, spindle checkpoint and microtubule-kinetochore attachment, spindle assembly, and chromosome condensation. These mitotic kinases are modulated by de-novo synthesis, stability factors, phosphorylation, and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. They, in turn, phosphorylate a myriad of centrosomal/mitotic protein substrates, and have the ability to behave as oncogenes (i.e. Aur-A, Plk-1), providing a compelling link between errors in mitosis and oncogenic processes. The recent development of selective small molecule inhibitors of Aurora kinases, in particular, will provide useful tools to ascertain more precisely their role in cancer development. Potent inhibitors of mitotic kinases, when fully developed, have the promise to be effective agents against tumor growth, and possibly, tumor prevention as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Li
- Hormonal Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Mail Stop 1018, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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