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Kasahara K, Muramatsu J, Kurashina Y, Miura S, Miyata S, Onoe H. Spatiotemporal single-cell tracking analysis in 3D tissues to reveal heterogeneous cellular response to mechanical stimuli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9917. [PMID: 37831766 PMCID: PMC10575577 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli have been recognized as important for tissue maturation, homeostasis and constructing engineered three-dimensional (3D) tissues. However, we know little about the cellular mechanical response in tissues that could be considerably heterogeneous and spatiotemporally dynamic due to the complex structure of tissues. Here, we report a spatiotemporal single-cell tracking analysis of in vitro 3D tissues under mechanical stretch, to reveal the heterogeneous cellular behavior by using a developed stretch and optical live imaging system. The system could affect the cellular orientation and directly measure the distance of cells in in vitro 3D myoblast tissues (3DMTs) at the single-cell level. Moreover, we observed the spatiotemporal heterogeneous cellular locomotion and shape changes under mechanical stretch in 3DMTs. This single-cell tracking analysis can become a principal method to investigate the heterogeneous cellular response in tissues and provide insights that conventional analyses have not yet offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Kasahara
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Jumpei Muramatsu
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuta Kurashina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Division of Advanced Mechanical Systems Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shigenori Miura
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Chang C, Guo W, Yu X, Guo C, Zhou N, Guo X, Huang RL, Li Q, Zhu Y. Engineered M13 phage as a novel therapeutic bionanomaterial for clinical applications: From tissue regeneration to cancer therapy. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100612. [PMID: 37063776 PMCID: PMC10102448 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are nanostructured viruses with highly selective antibacterial properties that have gained attention beyond eliminating bacteria. Specifically, M13 phages are filamentous phages that have recently been studied in various aspects of nanomedicine due to their biological advantages and more compliant engineering capabilities over other phages. Having nanofiber-like morphology, M13 phages can reach varied target sites and self-assemble into multidimensional scaffolds in a relatively safe and stable way. In addition, genetic modification of the coat proteins enables specific display of peptides and antibodies on the phages, allowing for precise and individualized medicine. M13 phages have also been subjected to novel engineering approaches, including phage-based bionanomaterial engineering and phage-directed nanomaterial combinations that enhance the bionanomaterial properties of M13 phages. In view of these features, researchers have been able to utilize M13 phages for therapeutic applications such as drug delivery, biodetection, tissue regeneration, and targeted cancer therapy. In particular, M13 phages have been utilized as a novel bionanomaterial for precisely mimicking natural tissue environment in order to overcome the shortage in tissue and organ donors. Hence, in this review, we address the recent studies and advances of using M13 phages in the field of nanomedicine as therapeutic agents based upon their characteristics as novel bionanomaterial with biomolecules displayed. This paper also emphasizes the novel engineering approach that enhances M13 phage's bionanomaterial capabilities. Current limitations and future approaches are also discussed to provide insight in further progress for M13 phage-based clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wennan Guo
- School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinbo Yu
- Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Chaoyi Guo
- School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yongzhang Zhu
- School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Corresponding author.
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Kase N, Kitagawa Y, Ikenaka A, Niwa A, Saito MK. A concise in vitro model for evaluating interactions between macrophage and skeletal muscle cells during muscle regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1022081. [PMID: 37274738 PMCID: PMC10236217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1022081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a highly regenerative capacity, but the detailed process is not fully understood. Several in vitro skeletal muscle regeneration models have been developed to elucidate this, all of which rely on specialized culture conditions that limit the accessibility and their application to many general experiments. Here, we established a concise in vitro skeletal muscle regeneration model using mouse primary cells. This model allows evaluation of skeletal muscle regeneration in two-dimensional culture system similar to a typical cell culture, showing a macrophage-dependent regenerative capacity, which is an important process in skeletal muscle regeneration. Based on the concept that this model could assess the contribution of macrophages of various phenotypes to skeletal muscle regeneration, we evaluated the effect of endotoxin pre-stimulation for inducing various changes in gene expression on macrophages and found that the contribution to skeletal muscle regeneration was significantly reduced. The gene expression patterns differed from those of naive macrophages, especially immediately after skeletal muscle injury, suggesting that the difference in responsiveness contributed to the difference in regenerative efficiency. Our findings provide a concise in vitro model that enables the evaluation of the contribution of individual cell types, such as macrophages and muscle stem cells, on skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Rimington RP, Fleming JW, Capel AJ, Wheeler PC, Lewis MP. Bioengineered model of the human motor unit with physiologically functional neuromuscular junctions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11695. [PMID: 34083648 PMCID: PMC8175425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations of the human neuromuscular junction (NMJ) have predominately utilised experimental animals, model organisms, or monolayer cell cultures that fail to represent the physiological complexity of the synapse. Consequently, there remains a paucity of data regarding the development of the human NMJ and a lack of systems that enable investigation of the motor unit. This work addresses this need, providing the methodologies to bioengineer 3D models of the human motor unit. Spheroid culture of iPSC derived motor neuron progenitors augmented the transcription of OLIG2, ISLET1 and SMI32 motor neuron mRNAs ~ 400, ~ 150 and ~ 200-fold respectively compared to monolayer equivalents. Axon projections of adhered spheroids exceeded 1000 μm in monolayer, with transcription of SMI32 and VACHT mRNAs further enhanced by addition to 3D extracellular matrices in a type I collagen concentration dependent manner. Bioengineered skeletal muscles produced functional tetanic and twitch profiles, demonstrated increased acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering and transcription of MUSK and LRP4 mRNAs, indicating enhanced organisation of the post-synaptic membrane. The number of motor neuron spheroids, or motor pool, required to functionally innervate 3D muscle tissues was then determined, generating functional human NMJs that evidence pre- and post-synaptic membrane and motor nerve axon co-localisation. Spontaneous firing was significantly elevated in 3D motor units, confirmed to be driven by the motor nerve via antagonistic inhibition of the AChR. Functional analysis outlined decreased time to peak twitch and half relaxation times, indicating enhanced physiology of excitation contraction coupling in innervated motor units. Our findings provide the methods to maximise the maturity of both iPSC motor neurons and primary human skeletal muscle, utilising cell type specific extracellular matrices and developmental timelines to bioengineer the human motor unit for the study of neuromuscular junction physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan P. Rimington
- grid.6571.50000 0004 1936 8542National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU Leicestershire UK
| | - Jacob W. Fleming
- grid.6571.50000 0004 1936 8542National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU Leicestershire UK
| | - Andrew J. Capel
- grid.6571.50000 0004 1936 8542National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU Leicestershire UK
| | - Patrick C. Wheeler
- grid.6571.50000 0004 1936 8542National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU Leicestershire UK
| | - Mark P. Lewis
- grid.6571.50000 0004 1936 8542National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU Leicestershire UK
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Fleming JW, Capel AJ, Rimington RP, Wheeler P, Leonard AN, Bishop NC, Davies OG, Lewis MP. Bioengineered human skeletal muscle capable of functional regeneration. BMC Biol 2020; 18:145. [PMID: 33081771 PMCID: PMC7576716 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle (SkM) regenerates following injury, replacing damaged tissue with high fidelity. However, in serious injuries, non-regenerative defects leave patients with loss of function, increased re-injury risk and often chronic pain. Progress in treating these non-regenerative defects has been slow, with advances only occurring where a comprehensive understanding of regeneration has been gained. Tissue engineering has allowed the development of bioengineered models of SkM which regenerate following injury to support research in regenerative physiology. To date, however, no studies have utilised human myogenic precursor cells (hMPCs) to closely mimic functional human regenerative physiology. RESULTS Here we address some of the difficulties associated with cell number and hMPC mitogenicity using magnetic association cell sorting (MACS), for the marker CD56, and media supplementation with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and B-27 supplement. Cell sorting allowed extended expansion of myogenic cells and supplementation was shown to improve myogenesis within engineered tissues and force generation at maturity. In addition, these engineered human SkM regenerated following barium chloride (BaCl2) injury. Following injury, reductions in function (87.5%) and myotube number (33.3%) were observed, followed by a proliferative phase with increased MyoD+ cells and a subsequent recovery of function and myotube number. An expansion of the Pax7+ cell population was observed across recovery suggesting an ability to generate Pax7+ cells within the tissue, similar to the self-renewal of satellite cells seen in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This work outlines an engineered human SkM capable of functional regeneration following injury, built upon an open source system adding to the pre-clinical testing toolbox to improve the understanding of basic regenerative physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Fleming
- School of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - A J Capel
- School of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - R P Rimington
- School of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - P Wheeler
- School of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - A N Leonard
- School of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - N C Bishop
- School of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - O G Davies
- School of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - M P Lewis
- School of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Almonacid Suarez AM, Brinker MGL, Brouwer LA, van der Ham I, Harmsen MC, van Rijn P. Topography-Mediated Myotube and Endothelial Alignment, Differentiation, and Extracellular Matrix Organization for Skeletal Muscle Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091948. [PMID: 32872193 PMCID: PMC7564871 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response of endothelial cells to aligned myotubes is important to create an appropriate environment for tissue-engineered vascularized skeletal muscle. Part of the native tissue environment is the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a supportive scaffold for cells and allows cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Interstitial matrix and basal membrane both comprise proteinaceous and polysaccharide components for strength, architecture, and volume retention. Virtually all cells are anchored to their basal lamina. One of the physical factors that affects cell behavior is topography, which plays an important role on cell alignment. We tested the hypothesis that topography-driven aligned human myotubes promote and support vascular network formation as a prelude to in vitro engineered vascularized skeletal muscle. Therefore, we used a PDMS-based topography substrate to investigate the influence of pre-aligned myotubes on the network formation of microvascular endothelial cells. The aligned myotubes produced a network of collagen fibers and laminin. This network supported early stages of endothelial network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Almonacid Suarez
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.A.S.); (M.G.L.B.); (L.A.B.); (I.v.d.H.)
| | - Marja G. L. Brinker
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.A.S.); (M.G.L.B.); (L.A.B.); (I.v.d.H.)
| | - Linda A. Brouwer
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.A.S.); (M.G.L.B.); (L.A.B.); (I.v.d.H.)
| | - Iris van der Ham
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.A.S.); (M.G.L.B.); (L.A.B.); (I.v.d.H.)
| | - Martin C. Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.A.S.); (M.G.L.B.); (L.A.B.); (I.v.d.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.H.); (P.v.R.); Tel.: +31-50361-4776 (M.C.H.); +31-50361-6066 (P.v.R.)
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.C.H.); (P.v.R.); Tel.: +31-50361-4776 (M.C.H.); +31-50361-6066 (P.v.R.)
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Fleming JW, Capel AJ, Rimington RP, Player DJ, Stolzing A, Lewis MP. Functional regeneration of tissue engineered skeletal muscle in vitro is dependent on the inclusion of basement membrane proteins. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:371-382. [PMID: 31376315 PMCID: PMC6790946 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a high regenerative capacity, injuries trigger a regenerative program which restores tissue function to a level indistinguishable to the pre-injury state. However, in some cases where significant trauma occurs, such as injuries seen in military populations, the regenerative process is overwhelmed and cannot restore full function. Limited clinical interventions exist which can be used to promote regeneration and prevent the formation of non-regenerative defects following severe skeletal muscle trauma. Robust and reproducible techniques for modelling complex tissue responses are essential to promote the discovery of effective clinical interventions. Tissue engineering has been highlighted as an alternative method, allowing the generation of three-dimensional in vivo like tissues without laboratory animals. Reducing the requirement for animal models promotes rapid screening of potential clinical interventions, as these models are more easily manipulated, genetically and pharmacologically, and reduce the associated cost and complexity, whilst increasing access to models for laboratories without animal facilities. In this study, an in vitro chemical injury using barium chloride is validated using the C2C12 myoblast cell line, and is shown to selectively remove multinucleated myotubes, whilst retaining a regenerative mononuclear cell population. Monolayer cultures showed limited regenerative capacity, with basement membrane supplementation or extended regenerative time incapable of improving the regenerative response. Conversely tissue engineered skeletal muscles, supplemented with basement membrane proteins, showed full functional regeneration, and a broader in vivo like inflammatory response. This work outlines a freely available and open access methodology to produce a cell line-based tissue engineered model of skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Fleming
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Capel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan P Rimington
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J Player
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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