Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl-benzamidines: a Class of Protective Agents on Culture of Human Cartilage and Chondrocytes Stimulated by IL-1β

4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives as MMP Inhibitors in Tissue Damage: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies

Nine 2-(1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl)-N-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)propanamides combining a benzisothiazole and 4-thiazolidinone in one framework were designed and synthesized. The aim of the study was to verify their effectiveness to affect the inflammatory/oxidative process in which free oxygen and nitrite (ROS and RNS) radicals, inflammatory mediators, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved. Docking studies of all the compounds were performed in order to explore their binding mode at the MMP-9 protein. An appreciable anti-inflammatory/potential wound healing effects of the tested compounds was highlighted. Derivative 23, bearing a 4-carboxyphenyl substituent at C2 of the 4-thiazolidinone ring, exhibited the highest activity, being able to inhibit MMP-9 at nanomolar level(IC50 = 40 nM).

Heteroarylimino-4-thiazolidinones as inhibitors of cartilage degradation

2-Benzo[d]thiazolyl- and 2-benzo[d]isothiazolyl-imino-5-benzylidene-4-thiazolidinone derivatives were investigated as potential metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitors and evaluated for their antidegenerative activity on human chondrocyte cultures stimulated by IL-1β, using an experimental model that reproduces the mechanisms involved in osteoarthritic (OA) diseases. Cell viability, the amount of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The most potent compound, 5-(4-methoxy-benzylidene)-2-(benzo[d]isothiazol-3-ylimino)-thiazolidin-4-one (4b), a MMP-13 inhibitor at nanomolar concentration (IC(50)=0.036 μM), could be considered as a lead compound for the development of novel clinical agents, inhibitors of cartilage degradation, for the treatment of OA.

Complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignment of benzo[d]isothiazole derivatives and of an isoindole isoster

The complete (1)H and (13)C NMR assignments of the novel compound methyl 2-amino-3-(benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)propanoate (1), of 3-amino-5-methylbenzo[d]isothiazole (2) and N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-aminobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one (3) and of the desulfurated isostere of 3, N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-aminoisoindolin-1-one (4), using 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including COSY, INADEQUATE, HSQC, and HMBC experiments are reported.

Metronidazole-flavonoid derivatives as anti-Helicobacter pylori agents with potent inhibitory activity against HPE-induced interleukin-8 production by AGS cells

Three series of metronidazole-flavonoid derivatives were generated and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against H. pylori. Among these compounds, high anti-H. pylori activities were observed in isoflavones derivatives 4-7, 19, and 20 but exhibited no inhibitory activity against other sorts of bacteria and fungi, for example, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence, and Aspergillus niger. Genistein derivative 6 with the potent activity (MIC=0.39 microg mL(-1)) was >50-fold more than metronidazole, and comparable to the positive control amoxicillin. Additionally, compound 6 can significantly attenuate the increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in the AGS cells stimulated by H. pylori water extract (HPE) at concentrations of 15, 30, and 60 micromol L(-1), which did not show any effects on the cell viability.

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 5-arylidene-3-hydroxyalkyl-2-phenylimino-4-thiazolidinones with antidegenerative activity on human chondrocyte cultures

5-Arylidene-3-hydroxyalkyl-2-phenylimino-4-thiazolidinones (7,8) were synthesized and evaluated for their antidegenerative activity on human chondrocyte cultures stimulated by IL-1beta. This in vitro model has proven to be a useful experimental model to reproduce the mechanisms involved in arthritic diseases. The cell viability, the amount of GAGs, the production of NO and PGE(2) and the inhibition of MMP-3 were measured. Several thiazolidinones 7 and 8 exhibited the ability to block the production or action of the degenerative factors induced by IL-1beta.