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Xu L, Kong X, Li X, Zhang B, Deng Y, Wang J, Duan C, Zhang D, Liu W. Current Status of Novel Multifunctional Targeted Pt(IV) Compounds and Their Reductive Release Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:746. [PMID: 38398498 PMCID: PMC10892972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are widely used in chemotherapy for various types of cancer and are considered crucial. Tetravalent platinum (Pt(IV)) compounds have gained significant attention and have been extensively researched among these drugs. Traditionally, Pt(IV) compounds are reduced to divalent platinum (Pt(II)) after entering cells, causing DNA lesions and exhibiting their anti-tumor effect. However, the available evidence indicates that some Pt(IV) derivatives may differ from the traditional mechanism and exert their anti-tumor effect through their overall structure. This review primarily focuses on the existing literature regarding targeted Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds, with a specific emphasis on their in vivo mode of action and the properties of reduction release in multifunctional Pt(IV) compounds. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the design and synthesis strategies employed for Pt(II) derivatives that selectively target various enzymes (glucose receptor, folate, telomerase, etc.) or substances (mitochondria, oleic acid, etc.). Furthermore, it thoroughly examines and summarizes the rational design, anti-tumor mechanism of action, and reductive release capacity of novel multifunctional Pt(IV) compounds, such as those targeting p53-MDM2, COX-2, lipid metabolism, dual drugs, and drug delivery systems. Finally, this review aims to provide theoretical support for the rational design and development of new targeted Pt(IV) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Xu
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yuxiao Deng
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Chonggang Duan
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
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Saha S, Banskota S, Liu J, Zakharov N, Dzuricky M, Li X, Fan P, Deshpande S, Spasojevic I, Sharma K, Borgnia MJ, Schaal JL, Raman A, Kim S, Bhattacharyya J, Chilkoti A. Genetically Engineered Nanoparticles of Asymmetric Triblock Polypeptide with a Platinum(IV) Cargo Outperforms a Platinum(II) Analog and Free Drug in a Murine Cancer Model. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5898-5908. [PMID: 35839459 PMCID: PMC9912577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of platinum(Pt)-drugs for cancer therapy has stalled, as no new Pt-drugs have been approved in over a decade. Packaging small molecule drugs into nanoparticles is a way to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. To date, there has been no direct comparison of relative merits of the choice of Pt oxidation state in the same nanoparticle system that would allow its optimal design. To address this lacuna, we designed a recombinant asymmetric triblock polypeptide (ATBP) that self-assembles into rod-shaped micelles and chelates Pt(II) or enables covalent conjugation of Pt(IV) with similar morphology and stability. Both ATBP-Pt(II) and ATBP-Pt(IV) nanoparticles enhanced the half-life of Pt by ∼45-fold, but ATBP-Pt(IV) had superior tumor regression efficacy compared to ATBP-Pt(II) and cisplatin. These results suggest loading Pt(IV) into genetically engineered nanoparticles may yield a new generation of more effective platinum-drug nanoformulations.
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Sharma R, Singh VJ, Chawla PA. Advancements in the Use of Platinum Complexes as Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:821-835. [PMID: 34353272 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210805150705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platinum (II) complexes as anticancer agents have been well explored for the development of novel analogs. Yet, none of them achieved clinical importance in oncology. At present, anticancer compounds containing platinum (II) complexes have been employed in the treatment of colorectal, lung, and genitourinary tumors. Among the platinum-based anticancer drugs, Cisplatin (cis-diamine dichloroplatinum (II), cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]) is one of the most potent components of cancer chemotherapy. The nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity, and platinum compounds associated resistant cancer are some major disadvantages. OBJECTIVE With the rapidly growing interest in platinum (II) complexes in tumor chemotherapy, researchers have synthesized many new platinum analogs as anticancer agents that show better cytotoxicity, and less off-target effects with less cellular resistance. This follows the introduction of oxaliplatin, water-soluble carboplatin, multinuclear platinum and newly synthesized complexes, etc. Method: This review emphasizes recent advancements in drug design and development, the mechanism of platinum (II) complexes, their stereochemistry, current updates, and biomedical applications of platinum-based anticancer agents. CONCLUSION In the last few decades, the popularity of platinum complexes as potent anti-cancer agents has risen as scientists have synthesized many new platinum complexes that exhibit better cytotoxicity coupled with less off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana. India
| | - Vikram Jeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Moga-142 001, Punjab. India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab. India
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Merkul E, Muns JA, Sijbrandi NJ, Houthoff H, Nijmeijer B, Rheenen G, Reedijk J, Dongen GAMS. An Efficient Conjugation Approach for Coupling Drugs to Native Antibodies via the Pt
II
Linker
Lx
for Improved Manufacturability of Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Merkul
- Chemistry Department LinXis BV De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Joey A. Muns
- Chemistry Department LinXis BV De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Sijbrandi
- Chemistry Department LinXis BV De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik‐Jan Houthoff
- Chemistry Department LinXis BV De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Bart Nijmeijer
- Chemistry Department LinXis BV De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Gerro Rheenen
- Chemistry Department LinXis BV De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Jan Reedijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University PO Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Guus A. M. S. Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VU medical center Amsterdam The Netherlands
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5
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Merkul E, Muns JA, Sijbrandi NJ, Houthoff H, Nijmeijer B, van Rheenen G, Reedijk J, van Dongen GAMS. An Efficient Conjugation Approach for Coupling Drugs to Native Antibodies via the Pt II Linker Lx for Improved Manufacturability of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3008-3015. [PMID: 33185916 PMCID: PMC7986738 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The PtII linker [ethylenediamineplatinum(II)]2+ , coined Lx, has emerged as a novel non-conventional approach to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and has shown its potential in preclinical in vitro and in vivo benchmark studies. A crucial improvement of the Lx conjugation reaction from initially <15 % to ca. 75-90 % conjugation efficiency is described, resulting from a systematic screening of all relevant reaction parameters. NaI, a strikingly simple inorganic salt additive, greatly improves the conjugation efficiency as well as the conjugation selectivity simply by exchanging the leaving chloride ligand on Cl-Lx-drug complexes (which are direct precursors for Lx-ADCs) for iodide, thus generating I-Lx-drug complexes as more reactive species. Using this iodide effect, we developed a general and highly practical conjugation procedure that is scalable: our lead Lx-ADC was produced on a 5 g scale with an outstanding conjugation efficiency of 89 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Merkul
- Chemistry DepartmentLinXis BVDe Boelelaan 1085cAmsterdam1081HVThe Netherlands
| | - Joey A. Muns
- Chemistry DepartmentLinXis BVDe Boelelaan 1085cAmsterdam1081HVThe Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Sijbrandi
- Chemistry DepartmentLinXis BVDe Boelelaan 1085cAmsterdam1081HVThe Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Nijmeijer
- Chemistry DepartmentLinXis BVDe Boelelaan 1085cAmsterdam1081HVThe Netherlands
| | - Gerro van Rheenen
- Chemistry DepartmentLinXis BVDe Boelelaan 1085cAmsterdam1081HVThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Reedijk
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityPO Box 95022300RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Guus A. M. S. van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam UMC, location VU medical centerAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Štarha P, Vančo J, Trávníček Z. Platinum iodido complexes: A comprehensive overview of anticancer activity and mechanisms of action. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Synthesis, Reactivity Studies, and Cytotoxicity of Two trans-Iodidoplatinum(II) Complexes. Does Photoactivation Work? INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
trans-Platinum complexes have been the landmark in unconventional drugs prompting the development of innovative structures that might exhibit chemical and biological profiles different to cisplatin. Iodido complexes signaled a new turning point in the platinum drug design field when their cytotoxicity was reevaluated and reported. In this new study, we have synthesized and evaluated diodidoplatinum complexes trans-[PtI2(amine)(pyridine)] bearing aliphatic amines (isopropylamine and methylamine) and pyridines in trans configuration. X-ray diffraction data support the structural characterization. Their cytotoxicity has been evaluated in tumor cell lines such as SAOS-2, A375, T-47D, and HCT116. Moreover, we report their solution behavior and reactivity with biological models. Ultraviolet-a (UVA) irradiation induces an increase in their reactivity towards model nucleobase 5′-GMP in early stages, and promotes the release of the pyridine ligand (spectator ligand) at longer reaction times. Density Functional calculations have been performed and the results are compared with our previous studies with other iodido derivatives.
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Basu U, Banik B, Wen R, Pathak RK, Dhar S. The Platin-X series: activation, targeting, and delivery. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:12992-3004. [PMID: 27493131 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer platinum (Pt) complexes have long been considered to be one of the biggest success stories in the history of medicinal inorganic chemistry. Yet there remains the hunt for the "magic bullet" which can satisfy the requirements of an effective chemotherapeutic drug formulation. Pt(iv) complexes are kinetically more inert than the Pt(ii) congeners and offer the opportunity to append additional functional groups/ligands for prodrug activation, tumor targeting, or drug delivery. The ultimate aim of functionalization is to enhance the tumor selective action and attenuate systemic toxicity of the drugs. Moreover, an increase in cellular accumulation to surmount the resistance of the tumor against the drugs is also of paramount importance in drug development and discovery. In this review, we will address the attempts made in our lab to develop Pt(iv) prodrugs that can be activated and delivered using targeted nanotechnology-based delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Basu
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Bhabatosh Banik
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ru Wen
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rakesh K Pathak
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Zhang Y, Luo Q, Zheng W, Wang Z, Lin Y, Zhang E, Lü S, Xiang J, Zhao Y, Wang F. Luminescent cyclometallated platinum(ii) complexes: highly promising EGFR/DNA probes and dual-targeting anticancer agents. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00346c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometallated platinum complexes bearing 4-anilinoquinazolines exhibit high potential as luminescent probes for EGFR/DNA in living cells and dual-targeting anticancer agents.
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10
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Misirlić Denčić S, Poljarević J, Isakovic AM, Marković I, Sabo TJ, Grgurić-Šipka S. Antileukemic action of novel diamine Pt(II) halogenido complexes: Comparison of the representative novel Pt(II) with corresponding Pt(IV) complex. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:262-271. [PMID: 28102932 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and antitumor action of five new Pt(II) halogenido, chlorido, and iodido complexes with edda type of ligands. (S,S)-Ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoic acid dihydrochloride and its methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl esters were prepared according to the previously reported procedure. All investigated complexes were characterized by IR, ESI-MS (1 H, 13 C, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Their cytotoxic action was investigated in four human tumor cell lines: promyelocytic (HL-60) and lymphocytic (REH) leukemia, glioma (U251), and lung carcinoma (H460). Cell viability was assessed by acid phosphatase and LDH assay, while oxidative stress and cell death parameters were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that novel Pt(II) complexes exhibited antitumor action superior to precursor ligands, with iodido complexes being more efficient than corresponding chlorido complexes. Human promyelocytic cell line (HL-60) was the most sensitive to antitumor action of all investigated substances and was used for investigation of the underlying mode of antileukemic action. The investigated Pt(II) complexes showed more potent antileukemic action than corresponding Pt(IV) complex, through induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, evidenced by caspase (8, 9, and 3) activation and phosphatidylserine externalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Misirlić Denčić
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andjelka M Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Marković
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tibor J Sabo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Platinum(II) carboxylato complexes containing 7-azaindoles as N-donor carrier ligands showed cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:109-116. [PMID: 27350081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The platinum(II) malonato (Mal) and decanoato (Dec) complexes of the general formulas [Pt(Mal)(naza)2] (1-3) and cis-[Pt(Dec)2(naza)2] (4-7) were prepared, characterized and tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against cisplatin-sensitive (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780R) human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and non-cancerous human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5); naza=halogeno-derivatives of 7-azaindole. Complexes 1-7 effectively overcome the acquired resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells to cisplatin. Complexes 2 (IC50=26.6±8.9μM against A2780 and 28.9±6.7μM against A2780R), 4 (IC50=14.5±0.6μM against A2780 and 14.5±3.8μM against A2780R) and 5 (IC50=13.0±1.1μM against A2780 and 13.6±4.9μM against A2780R) indicated decreased toxicity against healthy MRC-5 cells (IC50>50.0μM for 2 and >25.0μM for 4 and 5). The representative complexes 2 and 4 showed mutually different effect on the A2780 cell cycle at IC50 concentrations after 24h exposure. Concretely, the complex 2 caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, while 4 induced cell death by apoptosis with high population of cells in sub-G1 cell cycle phase. The hydrolysis and interactions of the selected complexes with biomolecules (glutathione (GSH) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP)) were also studied by means of 1H NMR and ESI+ mass spectra.
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Musumeci D, Platella C, Riccardi C, Merlino A, Marzo T, Massai L, Messori L, Montesarchio D. A first-in-class and a fished out anticancer platinum compound: cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2] and cis-[PtI2(NH3)2] compared for their reactivity towards DNA model systems. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8587-600. [PMID: 27126508 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00294c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to what was believed for many years, cis-PtI2(NH3)2, the diiodido analogue of cisplatin, displays high in vitro antiproliferative activity toward a set of tumour cell lines, overcoming resistance to cisplatin in a platinum-resistant cancer cell line. In the context of a general reappraisal of iodinated Pt(ii) derivatives, aiming at a more systematic evaluation of their chemical and biological profiles, here we report on the reactivity of cis-PtI2(NH3)2 with selected DNA model systems, in single, double strand or G-quadruplex form, using cisplatin as a control. A combined approach has been exploited in this study, including circular dichroism (CD), UV-visible spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses. The data reveal that cis-PtI2(NH3)2 shows an overall reactivity towards the investigated oligonucleotides significantly higher than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ. The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3436-86. [PMID: 26865551 PMCID: PMC4792284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1674] [Impact Index Per Article: 209.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The platinum drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, prevail in the treatment of cancer, but new platinum agents have been very slow to enter the clinic. Recently, however, there has been a surge of activity, based on a great deal of mechanistic information, aimed at developing nonclassical platinum complexes that operate via mechanisms of action distinct from those of the approved drugs. The use of nanodelivery devices has also grown, and many different strategies have been explored to incorporate platinum warheads into nanomedicine constructs. In this Review, we discuss these efforts to create the next generation of platinum anticancer drugs. The introduction provides the reader with a brief overview of the use, development, and mechanism of action of the approved platinum drugs to provide the context in which more recent research has flourished. We then describe approaches that explore nonclassical platinum(II) complexes with trans geometry or with a monofunctional coordination mode, polynuclear platinum(II) compounds, platinum(IV) prodrugs, dual-threat agents, and photoactivatable platinum(IV) complexes. Nanoparticles designed to deliver platinum(IV) complexes will also be discussed, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles. Additional nanoformulations, including supramolecular self-assembled structures, proteins, peptides, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers, will then be described. Finally, the significant clinical progress made by nanoparticle formulations of platinum(II) agents will be reviewed. We anticipate that such a synthesis of disparate research efforts will not only help to generate new drug development ideas and strategies, but also will reflect our optimism that the next generation of approved platinum cancer drugs is about to arrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Xing S, Gleason JL. A robust synthesis of N-glycolyl muramyl dipeptide via azidonitration/reduction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1515-20. [PMID: 25476476 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthetic route leading to N-glycolyl muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a bacterial glycopeptide of particular interest in studies of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), is described. The synthetic strategy hinges on the alkylation of benzylidene-protected glucal with 2-bromopropionic acid and thus circumvents a challenging and non-reproducible SN2 step at the C-3 position of glucosamine derivatives. The subsequent sequence includes an azidonitration and an unusual azide reduction/acylation step via an aza ylide/oxaphospholidine intermediate. This approach generates a protected N-glycolyl MDP that can be either subjected to a one-step global deprotection or differentially deprotected to obtain further derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xing
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8.
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Synthesis, characterization and theoretical calculations of (1,2-diaminocyclohexane)(1,3-diaminopropane)gold(III) chloride complexes: in vitro cytotoxic evaluations against human cancer cell lines. Biometals 2015; 28:827-44. [PMID: 26099502 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The gold(III) complexes of the type (1,2-diaminocyclohexane)(1,3-diaminopropane)gold(III) chloride, [(DACH)Au(pn)]Cl3, [where DACH = cis-, trans-1,2- and S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and pn = 1,3-diaminopropane] have been synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques including elemental analysis, UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy; solution as well as solid-state NMR measurements. The solid-state (13)C NMR shows that 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1,2-DACH) and 1,3-diaminopropane (pn) are strongly bound to the gold(III) center via N donor atoms. The stability of the mixed diamine ligand gold(III) was checked by UV-Vis spectroscopy and NMR measurements. The molecular structure of compound 1 (containing cis-1,2-DACH) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure of 1 consists of [(cis-DACH)Au(pn)](3+) complex ion and chloride counter ions. Each gold atom in the complex ion adopts a distorted square-planar geometry. The structural details and relative stabilities of the four possible isomers of the complexes were also estimated at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theoretical calculations. The computational study demonstrates that trans- conformations are slightly more stable than the cis- conformations. The antiproliferative effects and cytotoxic properties of the mixed ligand gold(III) complexes were evaluated in vitro on human gastric SGC7901 and prostate PC3 cancer cells using MTT assay. The antiproliferative study of the gold(III) complexes on PC3 and SGC7901 cells indicate that complex 3 (containing 1S,2S-(+)-1,2-(DACH)) is the most effective antiproliferative agent. The IC50 data reveal that the in vitro cytotoxicity of complex 3 against SGC7901 cancer cells manifested similar and very pronounced cytotoxic effects with respect to cisplatin. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior, and the interaction of complex 3 with two well-known model proteins, namely, hen egg white lysozyme and bovine serum albumin is also reported.
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Al-Jaroudi SS, Monim-ul-Mehboob M, Altaf M, Al-Saadi AA, Wazeer MIM, Altuwaijri S, Isab AA. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, electrochemical behavior and computational analysis of mixed diamine ligand gold(III) complexes: antiproliferative and in vitro cytotoxic evaluations against human cancer cell lines. Biometals 2014; 27:1115-36. [PMID: 25034122 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gold(III) complexes of the type [(DACH)Au(en)]Cl3, 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane ethylenediamine gold(III) chloride [where 1,2-DACH = cis-, trans-1,2- and S,S-1,2diaminocyclohexane and en = ethylenediamine] have been synthesized and characterized using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques including elemental analysis, UV-Vis and FTIR spectra; and solution as well as solid-state NMR measurements. The solid-state (13)C NMR shows that 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1,2-DACH) and ethylenediamine (en) are strongly bound to the gold(III) center via N donor atoms. The stability of the mixed diamine ligand gold(III) was determined by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra. Their electrochemical behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The structural details and relative stabilities of the four possible isomers of the complexes were also reported at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. The coordination sphere of these complexes around gold(III) center adopts distorted square planar geometry. The computational study also demonstrates that trans- conformations is slightly more stable than the cis-conformations. The antiproliferative effects and cytotoxic properties of the mixed diamine ligand gold(III) complexes were evaluated in vitro on human gastric SGC7901 and prostate PC3 cancer cells using MTT assay. The antiproliferative study of the gold(III) complexes on PC3 and SGC7901 cells indicate that complex 1 is the most effective antiproliferative agent among mixed ligand based gold(III) complexes 1-3. The IC50 data reveal that the in vitro cytotoxicity of complexes 1 and 3 against SGC7901 cancer cells are fairly better than that of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said S Al-Jaroudi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Parro T, Medrano MA, Cubo L, Muñoz-Galván S, Carnero A, Navarro-Ranninger C, Quiroga AG. The second generation of iodido complexes: trans-[PtI2(amine)(amine′)] bearing different aliphatic amines. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 127:182-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Sternberg M, Rust J, Lehmann CW, Mohr F. Synthesis and Metal Complexes of Thiourea Ligands Containing Carbohydrate-Derived Substituents. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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21
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Understanding trans platinum complexes as potential antitumor drugs beyond targeting DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 114:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Bytzek AK, Hartinger CG. Capillary electrophoretic methods in the development of metal-based therapeutics and diagnostics: new methodology and applications. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:622-34. [PMID: 22451055 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has matured to a standard method in medicinal inorganic chemistry. More and more steps of the drug discovery process are followed by CE. However, not only the number of applications has steadily increased but also the variety of used methodology has significantly broadened and, as compared to a few years ago, a wider scope of separation modes and hyphenated systems has been used. Herein, a summary of the newly utilized CE methods and their applications in metallodrug research in the timeframe 2006-2011 is presented, following related reviews from 2003 and 2007 (Electrophoresis, 2003, 24, 2023-2037; Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 3436-3446). Areas covered include impurity profiling, quality control of pharmaceutical formulations, lipophilicity estimation, interactions between metallodrugs and proteins or nucleotides, and characterization and also quantification of metabolites in biological matrices and real-world samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Bytzek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Yamaguchi T, Blázquez B, Hesek D, Lee M, Llarrull LI, Boggess B, Oliver AG, Fisher JF, Mobashery S. Inhibitors for Bacterial Cell-Wall Recycling. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:238-242. [PMID: 22844551 PMCID: PMC3404464 DOI: 10.1021/ml2002746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have evolved an elaborate process for the recycling of their cell wall, which is initiated in the periplasmic space by the action of lytic transglycosylases. The product of this reaction, β-D-N-acetylglucosamine-(1→4)-1,6-anhydro-β-D-N-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-meso-DAP-D-Ala-D-Ala (compound 1), is internalized to begin the recycling events within the cytoplasm. The first step in the cytoplasmic recycling is catalyzed by the NagZ glycosylase, which cleaves in a hydrolytic reaction the N-acetylglucosamine glycosidic bond of metabolite 1. The reactions catalyzed by both the lytic glycosylases and NagZ are believed to involve oxocarbenium transition species. We describe herein the synthesis and evaluation of four iminosaccharides as possible mimetics of the oxocarbenium species, and disclose one as a potent (compound 3, K(i) = 300 ± 15 nM) competitive inhibitor of NagZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yamaguchi
- Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Blas Blázquez
- Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Dusan Hesek
- Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Mijoon Lee
- Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Leticia I. Llarrull
- Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Bill Boggess
- Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Jed F. Fisher
- Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
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24
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Synthesis and hydrolysis studies of novel glyco-functionalized platinum complexes. Carbohydr Res 2012; 348:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Messori L, Cubo L, Gabbiani C, Álvarez-Valdés A, Michelucci E, Pieraccini G, Ríos-Luci C, León LG, Padrón JM, Navarro-Ranninger C, Casini A, Quiroga AG. Reactivity and Biological Properties of a Series of Cytotoxic PtI2(amine)2 Complexes, Either cis or trans Configured. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:1717-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202036c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Messori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leticia Cubo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y
Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Amparo Álvarez-Valdés
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y
Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Michelucci
- Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM),
Università di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino,
Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pieraccini
- Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM),
Università di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino,
Italy
| | - Carla Ríos-Luci
- Instituto Universitario
de Bio-Orgánica
“Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de
La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206
La Laguna, Spain
| | - Leticia G. León
- Instituto Universitario
de Bio-Orgánica
“Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de
La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206
La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- Instituto Universitario
de Bio-Orgánica
“Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de
La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206
La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro-Ranninger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y
Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Casini
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),
CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Research Institute of Pharmacy, University
of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adoración G. Quiroga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y
Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Hanif M, Nazarov AA, Legin A, Groessl M, Arion VB, Jakupec MA, Tsybin YO, Dyson PJ, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG. Maleimide-functionalised organoruthenium anticancer agents and their binding to thiol-containing biomolecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1475-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14713g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Platinum precursor of anticancer drug: a structure fixed by long intermolecular N–H···I and C–H···I hydrogen bonds. Struct Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-011-9826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Messori L, Casini A, Gabbiani C, Michelucci E, Cubo L, Ríos-Luci C, Padrón JM, Navarro-Ranninger C, Quiroga AG. Cytotoxic Profile and Peculiar Reactivity with Biomolecules of a Novel "Rule-Breaker" Iodidoplatinum(II) Complex. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:381-5. [PMID: 24900222 DOI: 10.1021/ml100081e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel and surprising biological properties were disclosed for the platinum(II) complex cis-diiodidodiisopropylamineplatinum(II). Remarkably, this new platinum(II) complex manifests pronounced antiproliferative properties in vitro, in some cases superior to those of cisplatin. A peculiar reactivity with the model protein cytochrome c was indeed highlighted based on the loss of amine ligands and retention of iodides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Messori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ugo Schiff, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ugo Schiff, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Michelucci
- Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM), Università di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leticia Cubo
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Ríos-Luci
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Adoracion G. Quiroga
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Scaffidi-Domianello YY, Meelich K, Jakupec MA, Arion VB, Kukushkin VY, Galanski M, Keppler BK. Novel cis- and trans-configured bis(oxime)platinum(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic activity. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5669-78. [PMID: 20459062 DOI: 10.1021/ic100584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel cis- and trans-configured bis(oxime)platinum(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C, and (195)Pt) NMR spectroscopy, and, in five cases, by X-ray diffraction. Their cytotoxicity was studied in the cisplatin-sensitive CH1 cell line as well as in inherently cisplatin-resistant SW480 cancer cells. Remarkably, every single dihalidobis(oxime)platinum(II) complex (with either a cis or trans configuration) shows a comparable cytotoxic potency in both cell lines, indicating a capacity of overcoming cisplatin resistance. Particularly strong cytotoxicities were observed in the case of trans-[PtCl(2)(R(2)C=NOH)(2)] (R = Me, n-Pr, i-Pr) with IC(50) values in the high nanomolar concentration range in both CH1 and SW480 cancer cells. These complexes are as potent as cisplatin in CH1 cells and up to 20 times more potent than cisplatin in SW480 cells. In comparison to transplatin, the novel compounds are up to 90 (CH1) and 120 times (SW480) more cytotoxic. The previously reported observation that the trans geometry yields a more active complex in the case of [PtCl(2)(Me(2)C=NOH)(2)] could be confirmed for at least two structural analogues.
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30
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Yamaguchi T, Hesek D, Lee M, Oliver AG, Mobashery S. Sulfonylation-induced N- to O-acetyl migration in 2-acetamidoethanol derivatives. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3515-7. [PMID: 20361802 DOI: 10.1021/jo100456z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first example of sulfonylation-induced N- to O-acetyl migration of 2-acetamidoethanol derivatives is described. This type of reaction could happen with any 2-acetamidoethanol derivatives under typical sulfonylation conditions (TsCl or MsCl, pyridine) and might be a common side reaction of significance. Furthermore, the results reveal that 2-acetamidoethanol derivatives with a sterically encumbered hydroxyl group result in the migration products in high yields. The mechanism of the migration reaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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31
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Gao J, Liu YG, Zingaro RA. Cytotoxic activities, cellular uptake, gene regulation, and optical imaging of novel platinum(II) complexes. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 22:1705-12. [PMID: 19694485 DOI: 10.1021/tx900180v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of platinum(II) coordination complexes and their dye tagged conjugates has been synthesized from N-substituted diaminocyclohexane ligands. The in vitro anticancer activities of the platinum compounds have been validated against the breast cancer cell-line MCF-7 and the normal cell-line MCF-10A via sulforhodamine B and colony formation assay. The platinum compounds and the corresponding metal-free ligands exhibited higher drug efficiencies than cisplatin and oxaliplatin against MCF-7 cells. Cellular uptake and DNA-bound Pt were demonstrated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The platinum complexes displayed increased cellular accumulation and DNA binding as compared with cisplatin. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was employed to investigate drug effects on mRNA expression in MCF-7 cells. The results indicated that the study compounds are effective in regulating cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and p53 genes; yet, oxaliplatin is less effective in manipulating those genes. The luminescent probe that was integrated into the platinum complexes made it possible to monitor cellular drug distribution using optical imaging. Targeting of tumor cell nuclei by the study compounds was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Taken together, these new platinum(II)-based antitumor agents are different from marketed platinum drugs in several critical aspects and could have potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA.
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32
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Hanif M, Nazarov AA, Hartinger CG, Kandioller W, Jakupec MA, Arion VB, Dyson PJ, Keppler BK. Osmium(ii)–versus ruthenium(ii)–arene carbohydrate-based anticancer compounds: similarities and differences. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7345-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c003085f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Foteeva LS, Timerbaev AR. Application of capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of metal-containing pharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809120028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Möker J, Thiem J. Synthesis of Novel gluco- and galacto-Functionalized Platinum Complexes. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Groessl M, Hartinger CG, Połeć-Pawlak K, Jarosz M, Dyson PJ, Keppler BK. Elucidation of the interactions of an anticancer ruthenium complex in clinical trials with biomolecules utilizing capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Short communication. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:1609-1614. [PMID: 18729095 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with highly sensitive inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) detection allows the interactions of metal complexes with biomolecules to be characterized. This technique has been used to provide new insights into the mode of action of the ruthenium-based anticancer drug candidate indazolium [trans-tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019). While the compound binds rapidly and efficiently to serum proteins, especially albumin, its reactivity towards the model DNA compound 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-dGMP) is moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groessl
- University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna
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36
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Berger I, Hanif M, Nazarov AA, Hartinger CG, John RO, Kuznetsov ML, Groessl M, Schmitt F, Zava O, Biba F, Arion VB, Galanski M, Jakupec MA, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Dyson PJ, Keppler BK. In vitro anticancer activity and biologically relevant metabolization of organometallic ruthenium complexes with carbohydrate-based ligands. Chemistry 2008; 14:9046-9057. [PMID: 18688905 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of dihalogenido(eta6-p-cymene)(3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-alpha-D-glucofuranoside)ruthenium(II) complexes are described. The compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry, and the molecular structures of dichlorido-, dibromido- and diiodido(eta6-p-cymene)(3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranoside)ruthenium(II) were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexes were shown to undergo aquation of the first halido ligand in aqueous solution, followed by hydrolysis of a P--O bond of the phosphite ligand, and finally formation of dinuclear species. The hydrolysis mechanism was confirmed by DFT calculations. The aquation of the complexes was markedly suppressed in 100 mM NaCl solution, and notably only very slow hydrolysis of the P--O bond was observed. The complexes showed affinity towards albumin and transferrin and monoadduct formation with 9-ethylguanine. In vitro studies revealed that the 3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranoside complex is the most cytotoxic compound in human cancer cell lines (IC50 values from 30 to 300 microM depending on the cell line).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Berger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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37
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Hydrolysis study of the bifunctional antitumour compound RAPTA-C, [Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2(pta)]. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:1743-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Groessl M, Hartinger CG, Polec-Pawlak K, Jarosz M, Keppler BK. Capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: A novel approach for the analysis of anticancer metallodrugs in human serum and plasma. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2224-32. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200780790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Groessl M, Hartinger CG, Dyson PJ, Keppler BK. CZE-ICP-MS as a tool for studying the hydrolysis of ruthenium anticancer drug candidates and their reactivity towards the DNA model compound dGMP. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 102:1060-5. [PMID: 18222004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mode of action and thereby opening the way to the design of chemotherapeutic agents is one of the major goals of metal-based anticancer research. Hydrolysis and DNA binding play an important role for pharmaceutical formulation and for exerting anticancer activity. Herein, for the first time the application of capillary zone electrophoresis-inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CZE-ICP-MS) for studying the hydrolytic stability and the binding of the ruthenium anticancer drug candidates KP418, KP1019, and RAPTA-C to dGMP is described. RAPTA-C was found to hydrolyze fastest and showed the highest reactivity toward the DNA model compound, whereas KP418 was the most stable compound in both these respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groessl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Street 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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40
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Abstract
With the current demographic development and the knowledge that the probability to be diagnosed with cancer increases with age, the search for new treatment options in cancer chemotherapy is of utmost importance for the society. Capillary electrophoretic methods have been applied in the last few years for studying the properties of metal-based drugs and drug candidates. Especially, the elucidation of the mode of action of such compounds could contribute significantly to design new drugs for overcoming the threat of cancer. This review article highlights the developments in metallodrug research applying CE during the last 4 years and follows a review from 2003 (Hartinger, C. G., Timerbaev, A. R., Keppler, B. K., Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 2023-2037). Most importantly the broadening of application areas of CE must be noted: especially the binding studies of metal complexes toward proteins (including the determination of association and rate constants), following redox reactions of metal complexes and their influence on the reactivity toward biotargets, etc. are important development areas of the last few years. In parallel with these new applications goes the usage of new or modified separation methods including microemulsion EKC or ACE, or the advantageous use of equipping the CE system with mass spectrometric detectors such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP) or ESI mass spectrometers (MS) for determining the degree of metallation of a protein or characterizing the adducts. Finally, upcoming requirements for expanding the method's application area are discussed including studies on new targets in the cell, analyzing real-world samples, methodological development, and contributions to improve the design of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Hartinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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