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Aitipamula S, Bolla G. Optimizing Drug Development: Harnessing the Sustainability of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3121-3143. [PMID: 38814314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Environmental impacts of the industrial revolution necessitate adoption of sustainable practices in all areas of development. The pharmaceutical industry faces increasing pressure to minimize its ecological footprint due to its significant contribution to environmental pollution. Over the past two decades, pharmaceutical cocrystals have received immense popularity due to their ability to optimize the critical attributes of active pharmaceutical ingredients and presented an avenue to bring improved drug products to the market. This review explores the potential of pharmaceutical cocrystals as an ecofriendly alternative to traditional solid forms, offering a sustainable approach to drug development. From reducing the number of required doses to improving the stability of actives, from eliminating synthetic operations to using pharmaceutically approved chemicals, from the use of continuous and solvent-free manufacturing methods to leveraging published data on the safety and toxicology, the cocrystallization approach contributes to sustainability of drug development. The latest trends suggest a promising role of pharmaceutical cocrystals in bringing novel and improved medicines to the market, which has been further fuelled by the recent guidance from the major regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Aitipamula
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Geetha Bolla
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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2
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Rocha MA, de Campos Vidal B, Mello MLS. Sodium Valproate Modulates the Methylation Status of Lysine Residues 4, 9 and 27 in Histone H3 of HeLa Cells. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:197-210. [PMID: 35297358 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220316110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid/sodium valproate (VPA), a well-known anti-epileptic agent, inhibits histone deacetylases, induces histone hyperacetylation, promotes DNA demethylation, and affects the histone methylation status in some cell models. Histone methylation profiles have been described as potential markers for cervical cancer prognosis. However, histone methylation markers that can be studied in a cervical cancer cell line, like HeLa cells, have not been investigated following treatment with VPA. METHODS In this study, the effect of 0.5 mM and 2.0 mM VPA for 24 h on H3K4me2/me3, H3K9me/me2 and H3K27me/me3 signals as well as on KMT2D, EZH2, and KDM3A gene expression was investigated using confocal microscopy, Western blotting, and RT-PCR. Histone methylation changes were also investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS We found that VPA induces increased levels of H3K4me2/me3 and H3K9me, which are indicative of chromatin activation. Particularly, H3K4me2 markers appeared intensified close to the nuclear periphery, which may suggest their implication in increased transcriptional memory. The abundance of H3K4me2/me3 in the presence of VPA was associated with increased methyltransferase KMT2D gene expression. VPA induced hypomethylation of H3K9me2, which is associated with gene silencing, and concomitant with the demethylase KDM3A, it increased gene expression. Although VPA induces increased H3K27me/me3 levels, it is suggested that the role of the methyltransferase EZH2 in this context could be affected by interactions with this drug. CONCLUSION Histone FTIR spectra were not affected by VPA under present experimental conditions. Whether our epigenetic results are consistent with VPA affecting the aggressive tumorous state of HeLa cells, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Amorim Rocha
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Silveira Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Budhathoki U, Adhikari S, Thapa P. Development and characterization of hygroscopicity controlled sustain release formulation of divalproex sodium. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 19:422-430. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.57615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kendall T, Stratford S, Patterson AR, Lunt RA, Cruickshank D, Bonnaud T, Scott CD. An industrial perspective on co-crystals: Screening, identification and development of the less utilised solid form in drug discovery and development. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 60:345-442. [PMID: 34147205 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients are commonly marketed as a solid form due to ease of transport, storage and administration. In the design of a drug formulation, the selection of the solid form is incredibly important and is traditionally based on what polymorphs, hydrates or salts are available for that compound. Co-crystals, another potential solid form available, are currently not as readily considered as a viable solid form for the development process. Even though co-crystals are gaining an ever-increasing level of interest within the pharmaceutical community, their acceptance and application is still not as standard as other solid forms such as the ubiquitous pharmaceutical salt and stabilised amorphous formulations. Presented in this chapter is information that would allow for a co-crystal screen to be planned and conducted as well as scaled up using solution and mechanochemistry based methods commonly employed in both the literature and industry. Also presented are methods for identifying the formation of a co-crystal using a variety of analytical techniques as well as the importance of confirming the formation of co-crystals from a legal perspective and demonstrating the legal precedent by looking at co-crystalline products already on the market. The benefits of co-crystals have been well established, and presented in this chapter are a selection of examples which best exemplify their potential. The goal of this chapter is to increase the understanding of co-crystals and how they may be successfully exploited in early stage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kendall
- Technobis Crystallization Systems, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - Sam Stratford
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth A Lunt
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Mello MLS. Sodium Valproate-Induced Chromatin Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645518. [PMID: 33959607 PMCID: PMC8093769 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid/sodium valproate (VPA), a drug originally prescribed as an anticonvulsant, has been widely reported to act on epigenetic marks by inducing histone acetylation, affecting the DNA and histone methylation status, and altering the expression of transcription factors, thus leading to modulation of gene expression. All these epigenetic changes have been associated with chromatin remodeling effects. The present minireview briefly reports the main effects of VPA on chromatin and image analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy in association with molecular biology methodological approaches to investigate the VPA-induced changes in chromatin structure and at the higher-order supraorganizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza S. Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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6
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Vicatos AI, Caira MR. Cyclodextrin complexes of the anticonvulsant agent valproic acid. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01024g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VAL) forms complexes with natural and derivatised cyclodextrins (CDs). Stoichiometries were deduced from NMR spectra, thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses, the latter revealing modes of VAL inclusion in CDs for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Vicatos
- Centre for Supramolecular Chemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - M. R. Caira
- Centre for Supramolecular Chemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Eesam S, Bhandaru JS, Naliganti C, Bobbala RK, Akkinepally RR. Solubility enhancement of carvedilol using drug–drug cocrystallization with hydrochlorothiazide. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increasing hydrophilicity of poorly water-soluble drugs is a major challenge in drug discovery and development. Cocrystallization is one of the techniques to enhance the hydrophilicity of such drugs. Carvedilol (CAR), a nonselective beta/alpha1 blocker, used in the treatment of mild to moderate congestive heart failure and hypertension, is classified under BCS class II with poor aqueous solubility and high permeability. Present work is an attempt to improve the solubility of CAR by preparing cocrystals using hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), a diuretic drug, as coformer. CAR-HCT (2:0.5) cocrystals were prepared by slurry conversion method and were characterized by DSC, PXRD, FTIR, Raman, and SEM analysis. The solubility, stability, and dissolution (in vitro) studies were conducted for the cocrystals.
Results
The formation of CAR-HCT cocrystals was confirmed based on melting point, DSC thermograms, PXRD data, FTIR and Raman spectra, and finally by SEM micrographs. The solubility of the prepared cocrystals was significantly enhanced (7.3 times), and the dissolution (in vitro) was improved by 2.7 times as compared to pure drug CAR. Further, these cocrystals were also found to be stable for 3 months (90 days).
Conclusion
It may be inferred that the drug–drug (CAR-HCT) cocrystallization enhances the solubility and dissolution rate of carvedilol significantly. Further, by combining HCT as coformer could well be beneficial pharmacologically too.
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Formulation of Sodium Valproate Nanospanlastics as a Promising Approach for Drug Repurposing in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090866. [PMID: 32933001 PMCID: PMC7559423 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium valproate (SV) is an antiepileptic drug that is widely used in the treatment of different seizure disorders. The topical SV has a hair regenerative potential through activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and anagen phase induction. The aim of the current investigation was to fabricate nanospanlastics of SV for improving its dermal delivery by providing prolonged drug effect and increasing its permeability for treatment of androgenic alopecia (AGA). SV-loaded nanospanlastics were formulated according to 23 factorial design by ethanol injection method using a non-ionic surfactant (Span 60) and edge activators (EAs), such as Tween 80 and Cremophor RH 40, to explore the influence of different independent variables on entrapment efficiency (EE%) and percentage drug released after 12 h (Q12h) in order to choose the optimized formula using Design-Expert software. The optimized formula (F8) appeared as spherical deformable vesicles with EE% of 90.32 ± 2.18% and Q12h of 90.27 ± 1.98%. F8 exhibited significant improvement of ex vivo permeation than free SV. The clinical study exhibited no comparable difference between F8 and marketed minoxidil lotion. However, F8 demonstrates less adverse effects than minoxidil lotion. Nanospanlastics could be a safe and effective method for improving the topical delivery of SV in the management of AGA.
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Millar SA, Maguire RF, Yates AS, O’Sullivan SE. Towards Better Delivery of Cannabidiol (CBD). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E219. [PMID: 32872355 PMCID: PMC7558665 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has substantial therapeutic potential, but its development as an effective drug by the pharmaceutical industry is hindered by intrinsic characteristics such as low bioavailability, low water solubility, and variable pharmacokinetic profiles. Importantly, lack of patentability of the drug substance also limits the likelihood of an expensive, full development programme in anything other than orphan indications. Potential avenues to overcome these issues with CBD include self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, improved crystal formulations and other solid-state delivery formulations, which are mostly in the pre-clinical or early clinical stages of development. This review identifies issues compromising current delivery of solid-state CBD, and how advanced pharmaceutical development strategies can enable CBD to realise the full potential as a successful therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Anne Millar
- Artelo Biosciences, 888 Prospect Street, Suite 210, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (S.A.M.); (A.S.Y.)
| | - Ryan Francis Maguire
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
| | - Andrew Stephen Yates
- Artelo Biosciences, 888 Prospect Street, Suite 210, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (S.A.M.); (A.S.Y.)
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de Campos Vidal B, Mello MLS. Sodium valproate (VPA) interactions with DNA and histones. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:219-231. [PMID: 32619665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid/sodium valproate (VPA) constitutes a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of seizure disorders and is a well-known epigenetic agent, inducing the acetylation of histones and affecting the methylation status of DNA and histones, with consequences on gene expression. Because this drug has been recently reported to exert affinity for histone H1, and to a minor degree for DNA, in this work, we investigated a possible interaction of sodium valproate with DNA and histones H1 and H3 using high-performance polarization microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. The preparations under examination consisted of hemispheres resulting from drop-casting samples containing VPA-DNA and VPA-histone mixtures. The results indicated that VPA may interact with DNA and histones, inducing changes in the textural superstructure and molecular order of the DNA possibly through van der Waals forces, and in histone H1 and H3 conformations, probably as a result of electrostatic binding between the drug and protein amino acid residues. These results contribute to a better understanding of the pharmacological potential of VPA. The precise sites and mechanisms involved in these interactions would certainly benefit from investigations provided by complementary methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza S Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Elkholy NE, Sultan AA, Elosaily GH, El Maghraby GM. Acetone-assisted co-processing of meloxicam with amino acids for enhanced dissolution rate. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:882-891. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1755982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Elkholy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal A. Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ghada H. Elosaily
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal M. El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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12
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Štarha P, Dvořák Z, Trávníček Z. Half-sandwich Ir(III) and Rh(III) 2,2′-dipyridylamine complexes: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity against the ovarian carcinoma cells. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Biancalana L, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S, Marchetti F. Synthesis, characterization and behavior in water/DMSO solution of Ru(II) arene complexes with bioactive carboxylates. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: New Solid Phase Modification Approaches for the Formulation of APIs. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010018. [PMID: 29370068 PMCID: PMC5874831 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocrystals can be used as an alternative approach based on crystal engineering to enhance specific physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) when the approaches to salt or polymorph formation do not meet the expected targets. In this article, an overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals will be presented, with an emphasis on the intermolecular interactions in cocrystals and the methods for their preparation. Furthermore, cocrystals of direct pharmaceutical interest, along with their in vitro properties and available in vivo data and characterization techniques are discussed, highlighting the potential of cocrystals as an attractive route for drug development.
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Ito M, Nambu K, Sakon A, Uekusa H, Yonemochi E, Noguchi S, Terada K. Mechanisms for Improved Hygroscopicity of L-Arginine Valproate Revealed by X-Ray Single Crystal Structure Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:859-865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Half-Sandwich Ru(II) Halogenido, Valproato and 4-Phenylbutyrato Complexes Containing 2,2'-Dipyridylamine: Synthesis, Characterization, Solution Chemistry and In Vitro Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121725. [PMID: 27983703 PMCID: PMC6274116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogenido and carboxylato Ru(II) half-sandwich complexes of the general composition [Ru(η6-p-cym)(dpa)X]PF6 (1–5) were prepared and thoroughly characterized with various techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis); dpa = 2,2′-dipyridylamine; p-cym = p-cymene; X = Cl− (for 1), Br− (for 2), I− (for 3), valproate(1−) (for 4) or 4-phenylbutyrate(1−) (for 5). A single-crystal X-ray analysis showed a pseudo-octahedral piano-stool geometry of [Ru(η6-p-cym)(dpa)I]PF6 (3), with a η6-coordinated p-cymene, bidentate N-donor dpa ligand and iodido ligand coordinated to the Ru(II) atom. The results of the 1H-NMR solution behaviour studies proved that the complexes 1–5 hydrolyse were in the mixture of solvents used (10% MeOD-d4/90% D2O). Complexes 1–5 were in vitro inactive against the A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cell line, up to the highest tested concentration (IC50 > 100 μM).
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Qamar S, Brown P, Ferguson S, Khan RA, Ismail B, Khan AR, Sayed M, Khan AM. The interaction of a model active pharmaceutical with cationic surfactant and the subsequent design of drug based ionic liquid surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 481:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Duggirala NK, Perry ML, Almarsson Ö, Zaworotko MJ. Pharmaceutical cocrystals: along the path to improved medicines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:640-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystals, a long known but understudied class of crystalline solids, have attracted interest from crystal engineers and pharmaceutical scientists in the past decade and are now an integral part of the preformulation stage of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga K. Duggirala
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Sciences and Bernal Institute
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Republic of Ireland
| | - Miranda L. Perry
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Sciences and Bernal Institute
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Sciences and Bernal Institute
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Republic of Ireland
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Cherukuvada S, Kaur R, Guru Row TN. Co-crystallization and small molecule crystal form diversity: from pharmaceutical to materials applications. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dicaire NM, Perras FA, Bryce DL. 23Na magic-angle spinning and double-rotation NMR study of solid forms of sodium valproate. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sodium valproate is a pharmaceutical with applications in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and other ailments. Sodium valproate can exist in many hydrated and acid-stabilized forms in the solid state, and it can be difficult to obtain precise structural information about many of these. Here, we present a 13C and 23Na solid-state NMR study of several forms of sodium valproate, only one of which has been previously structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 23Na magic-angle spinning (MAS), double-rotation (DOR), and multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) NMR spectra are shown to provide useful information on the number of molecules in the asymmetric unit, the local coordination geometry of the sodium cations, and the presence of amorphous phases. Two previously identified forms are shown to be highly similar, or identical, according to the 23Na NMR data. The utility of carrying out both DOR and MQMAS NMR experiments to identify all crystallographically unique sites is demonstrated. 13C cross-polarization MAS NMR spectra also provide complementary information on the number of molecules in the asymmetric unit and the crystallinity of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuiok M. Dicaire
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Frédéric A. Perras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cocrystallization is an effective crystal engineering approach for modifying the crystal structure and properties of drugs. The number of examples of solving drug formulation and manufacture problems by cocrystallization is rapidly growing. An updated review that systematically examines the cocrystal research in the context of drug delivery is timely and valuable. AREAS COVERED Topics covered in this review include nature of cocrystal, impact of cocrystallization on key pharmaceutical properties (both enhancement and deterioration), cocrystal preparation method and future directions in this field. The focus of this review is on the crystal engineering and pharmaceutical literature in the last 5 years. However, classical literature is also examined when relevant. EXPERT OPINION The most effective cocrystal research relies on both in-depth understanding of structure-property relationship and efficient preparation of desired cocrystals. The future cocrystal research will see growth in the areas of designing ternary and higher-order structures, cocrystals between neutral and ionic species, cocrystal polymorphism, cocrystal glasses and thermodynamics of cocrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changquan Calvin Sun
- University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Antovska P, Petruševski G, Makreski P. Solid-state compatibility screening of excipients suitable for development of indapamide sustained release solid-dosage formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:481-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.717948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Paluch KJ, Tajber L, Elcoate CJ, Corrigan OI, Lawrence SE, Healy AM. Solid‐state characterization of novel active pharmaceutical ingredients: Cocrystal of a salbutamol hemiadipate salt with adipic acid (2:1:1) and salbutamol hemisuccinate salt. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3268-3283. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Petruševski G, Ugarkovic S, Makreski P. Solid-state transformation of the pseudopolymorphic forms of codeine phosphate hemihydrate and codeine phosphate sesquihydrate monitored by vibrational spectroscopy and thermal analysis. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Naumov P, Petruševski G, Jovanovski G. Vibrational spectra of calcium, strontium and barium valproates. Self-assembly of valproate nanostrands in aqueous solution and in the solid state. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c000488j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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