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Freire RVM, Coelho DMA, Maciel LG, Jesus LT, Freire RO, Dos Anjos JV, Junior SA. Luminescent Supramolecular Metallogels: Drug Loading and Eu(III) as Structural Probe. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400680. [PMID: 38593232 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular metallogels combine the rheological properties of gels with the color, magnetism, and other properties of metal ions. Lanthanide ions such as Eu(III) can be valuable components of metallogels due to their fascinating luminescence. In this work, we combine Eu(III) and iminodiacetic acid (IDA) into luminescent hydrogels. We investigate the tailoring of the rheological properties of these gels by changes in their metal:ligand ratio. Further, we use the highly sensitive Eu(III) luminescence to obtain information about the chemical structure of the materials. In special, we take advantage of computational calculations to employ an indirect method for structural elucidation, in which the simulated luminescent properties of candidate structures are matched to the experimental data. With this strategy, we can propose molecular structures for different EuIDA gels. We also explore the usage of these gels for the loading of bioactive molecules such as OXA, observing that its aldose reductase activity remains present in the gel. We envision that the findings from this work could inspire the development of luminescent hydrogels with tunable rheology for applications such as 3D printing and imaging-guided drug delivery platforms. Finally, Eu(III) emission-based structural elucidation could be a powerful tool in the characterization of advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael V M Freire
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - Dhiego M A Coelho
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - Larissa G Maciel
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - Larissa T Jesus
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, 49107-230, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O Freire
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, 49107-230, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Janaína V Dos Anjos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - Severino A Junior
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
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Peter Ventura AM, Haeberlein S, Lange-Grünweller K, Grünweller A, Hartmann RK, Grevelding CG, Schlitzer M. Development of Biarylalkyl Carboxylic Acid Amides with Improved Anti-schistosomal Activity. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1856-1862. [PMID: 31454168 PMCID: PMC7687077 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic disease schistosomiasis is the cause of more than 200 000 human deaths per year. Although the disease is treatable, there is one major shortcoming: praziquantel has been the only drug used to combat these parasites since 1977. The risk of the emergence of resistant schistosomes is known to be increasing, as a reduced sensitivity of these parasites toward praziquantel has been observed. We developed a new class of substances, which are derived from inhibitors of human aldose reductase, and which showed promising activity against Schistosoma mansoni couples in vitro. Further optimisation of the compounds led to an increase in anti‐schistosomal activity with observed phenotypes such as reduced egg production, vitality, and motility as well as tegumental damage and gut dilatation. Here, we performed structure–activity relationship studies on the carboxylic acid moiety of biarylalkyl carboxylic acids. Out of 82 carboxylic acid amides, we identified 10 compounds that are active against S. mansoni at 25 μm. The best five compounds showed an anti‐schistosomal activity up to 10 μm and induced severe phenotypes. Cytotoxicity tests in human cell lines showed that two derivatives had no cytotoxicity at 50 or 100 μm. These compounds are promising candidates for further optimisation toward the new anti‐schistosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Peter Ventura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lange-Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph G Grevelding
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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Caffrey CR, El‐Sakkary N, Mäder P, Krieg R, Becker K, Schlitzer M, Drewry DH, Vennerstrom JL, Grevelding CG. Drug Discovery and Development for Schistosomiasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527808656.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sun Z, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhu T. Understanding Aldose Reductase-Inhibitors interactions with free energy simulation. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 91:10-21. [PMID: 31128525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldose Reductase (AR) reduces a variety of substrates, such as aldehydes, aldoses and corticosteroids. It is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway and is an important target enzyme for diabetes-associated complications, including retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Inhibitors targeting this enzyme are structurally different and some of them have side effects. In existing publications, computational techniques are applied to investigate the binding affinities of existing inhibitors and predicting the affinities of newly designed ligands. However, these calculations only employ coarse and approximated methods such as docking and MM/PBSA. Brute force simulations are employed to study the dynamics of the system but no converged statistics is obtained. As a result, these computations provide results not consistent with experimental values and large discrepancies exist. In the current work, we employ the enhanced sampling technique of alchemical free energy simulation to calculate the binding affinities of several ligands targeting AR. The statistical error is defined with care and the correlation in the time-series data is fully considered. The statistically optimal estimators are used to extract the free energy estimates and the predicted results are in agreement with the experimental values. Less computationally demanding end-point free energy methods are also performed to compare their efficiency with the alchemical methods. As is expected, the end-point methods are of less accuracy and reliability compared with the alchemical free energy methods. The decomposition of the free energy difference in each alchemical transformation into the enthalpic and entropic components gives further insights on the thermodynamics. The enthalpy-entropy compensation is observed in this case. As the structural data obtained from experiments are only snapshots and more details are needed to understand the dynamics of the protein-ligand system, the conformational ensemble is analyzed. We identify important residues involved in the protein-ligand binding case and short-lived interactions formed due to fluctuations in the conformational ensemble. The current work shed light on the atomic detailed understanding of the dynamics of AR-inhibitors interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900, Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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Mäder P, Rennar GA, Ventura AMP, Grevelding CG, Schlitzer M. Chemotherapy for Fighting Schistosomiasis: Past, Present and Future. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2374-2389. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mäder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Georg A. Rennar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Alejandra M. Peter Ventura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Christoph G. Grevelding
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS; Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen; Schubertstraße 81 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
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Banik A, Paira R, Shaw BK, Vijaykumar G, Mandal SK. Accessing Heterobiaryls through Transition-Metal-Free C-H Functionalization. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3236-3244. [PMID: 29436824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a transition-metal-free synthetic protocol for heterobiaryls, one of the most important pharmacophores in the modern drug industry, employing a new multidonor phenalenyl (PLY)-based ligand. The current procedure offers a wide substrate scope (24 examples) with a low catalyst loading resulting in an excellent product yield (up to 95%). The reaction mechanism involves a single electron transfer (SET) from a phenalenyl-based radical to generate a reactive heteroaryl radical. To establish the mechanism, we have isolated the catalytically active SET initiator, characterizing by a magnetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Banik
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Rupankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry , Maharaja Manindra Chandra College , 20 Ramkanto Bose Street , Kolkata 700003 , India
| | - Bikash Kumar Shaw
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Gonela Vijaykumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
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Blohm AS, Mäder P, Quack T, Lu Z, Hahnel S, Schlitzer M, Grevelding CG. Derivatives of biarylalkyl carboxylic acid induce pleiotropic phenotypes in adult Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3831-42. [PMID: 27230017 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomes and other parasitic platyhelminths cause infectious diseases of worldwide significance for humans and animals. Despite their medical and economic importance, vaccines are not available and the number of drugs is alarmingly limited. For most platyhelminths including schistosomes, Praziquantel (PZQ) is the commonly used drug. With respect to its regular application in mass treatment programs, however, there is increasing concern about resistance development.Previous studies demonstrated that inhibitors used to treat non-parasitic human diseases may be useful to be tested for their effects on parasites. To this end, we focused on biarylalkyl carboxylic acids (BACAs) as basis, which had been shown before to be interesting candidates in the context of finding alternative approaches to treat diabetes mellitus. We tested 32 chemically modified derivatives of these substances (biarylalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives (BACADs)) for their effects on adult Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. Treatment with 18 BACADs resulted in egg production-associated phenotypes and reduced pairing stability. In addition, 12 of these derivatives affected vitality and/or caused severe tegument damage, gut dilatation, or other forms of tissue disintegration which led to the death of worms. In most cases (10/12), one derivative caused more than one phenotype at a time. In vitro experiments in the presence of serum albumin (SA) and alpha-acidic glycoprotein (AGP) indicated a varying influence of these blood components on the effects of two selected derivatives. The variety of observed phenotypes suggested that different targets were hit. The results demonstrated that BACADs are interesting substances with respect to their anti-schistosomal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane S Blohm
- BFS, Institut for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, 35392, Germany
| | - Patrick Mäder
- Institute for Pharmaceutic Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, 35032, Germany
| | - Thomas Quack
- BFS, Institut for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, 35392, Germany
| | - Zhigang Lu
- BFS, Institut for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, 35392, Germany
| | - Steffen Hahnel
- BFS, Institut for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, 35392, Germany
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutic Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, 35032, Germany
| | - Christoph G Grevelding
- BFS, Institut for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, 35392, Germany.
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Mäder P, Blohm AS, Quack T, Lange-Grünweller K, Grünweller A, Hartmann RK, Grevelding CG, Schlitzer M. Biarylalkyl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Novel Antischistosomal Agents. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1459-68. [PMID: 27159334 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic platyhelminths are responsible for serious infectious diseases, such as schistosomiasis, which affect humans as well as animals across vast regions of the world. The drug arsenal available for the treatment of these diseases is limited; for example, praziquantel is the only drug currently used to treat ≥240 million people each year infected with Schistosoma spp., and there is justified concern about the emergence of drug resistance. In this study, we screened biarylalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives for their antischistosomal activity against S. mansoni. These compounds showed significant influence on egg production, pairing stability, and vitality. Tegumental lesions or gut dilatation was also observed. Substitution of the terminal phenyl residue in the biaryl scaffold with a 3-hydroxy moiety and derivatization of the terminal carboxylic acid scaffold with carboxamides yielded compounds that displayed significant antischistosomal activity at concentrations as low as 10 μm with satisfying cytotoxicity values. The present study provides detailed insight into the structure-activity relationships of biarylalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives and thereby paves the way for a new drug-hit moiety for fighting schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mäder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ariane S Blohm
- BFS, Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Quack
- BFS, Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lange-Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph G Grevelding
- BFS, Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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9
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Hapău D, Rémond E, Fanelli R, Vivancos M, René A, Côté J, Besserer-Offroy É, Longpré JM, Martinez J, Zaharia V, Sarret P, Cavelier F. Stereoselective Synthesis of β-(5-Arylthiazolyl) α-Amino Acids and Use in Neurotensin Analogues. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Trinh TN, Hizartzidis L, Lin AJS, Harman DG, McCluskey A, Gordon CP. An efficient continuous flow approach to furnish furan-based biaryls. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9562-71. [PMID: 25333944 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01641f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Suzuki cross-couplings of 5-formyl-2-furanylboronic acid with activated or neutral aryl bromides were performed under continuous flow conditions in the presence of (Bu)4N(+)F(-) and the immobilised t-butyl based palladium catalyst CatCart™ FC1032™. Deactivated aryl bromides and activated aryl chlorides were cross-coupled with 5-formyl-2-furanylboronic in the presence of (Bu)4N(+)OAc(-) using the bis-triphenylphosphine CatCart™ PdCl2(PPh3)2-DVB. Initial evidence indicates the latter method may serve as a universal approach to conduct Suzuki cross-couplings with the protocol successfully employed in the synthesis of the current gold standard Hedgehog pathway inhibitor LDE225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trieu N Trinh
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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11
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of new epalrestat analogues as aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs). Eur J Med Chem 2014; 71:53-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Could MM-GBSA be accurate enough for calculation of absolute protein/ligand binding free energies? J Mol Graph Model 2013; 46:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang L, Gu Q, Zheng X, Ye J, Liu Z, Li J, Hu X, Hagler A, Xu J. Discovery of new selective human aldose reductase inhibitors through virtual screening multiple binding pocket conformations. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:2409-22. [PMID: 23901876 DOI: 10.1021/ci400322j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase reduces glucose to sorbitol. It plays a key role in many of the complications arising from diabetes. Thus, aldose reductase inhibitors (ARI) have been identified as promising therapeutic agents for treating such complications of diabetes, as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cataracts. In this paper, a virtual screening protocol applied to a library of compounds in house has been utilized to discover novel ARIs. IC50's were determined for 15 hits that inhibited ALR2 to greater than 50% at 50 μM, and ten of these have an IC50 of 10 μM or less, corresponding to a rather substantial hit rate of 14% at this level. The specificity of these compounds relative to their cross-reactivity with human ALR1 was also assessed by inhibition assays. This resulted in identification of novel inhibitors with IC50's comparable to the commercially available drug, epalrestat, and greater than an order of magnitude better selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery & Institute of Human Virology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
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14
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Pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation approaches for identifying new lead compounds for inhibiting aldose reductase 2. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3267-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Waszkowycz B, Clark DE, Gancia E. Outstanding challenges in protein–ligand docking and structure‐based virtual screening. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David E. Clark
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Emanuela Gancia
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
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16
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Rapposelli S, Da Settimo F, Digiacomo M, La Motta C, Lapucci A, Sartini S, Vanni M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2'-oxo-2,3-dihydro-3'H- spiro[chromene-4,5'-[1,3]oxazolidin]-3'yl]acetic acid derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:372-85. [PMID: 21319207 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (ARL2) is the first enzyme in the polyol pathway which catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Its involvement on diabetic complications makes this enzyme a challenge therapeutic target widely investigated to limit and/or prevent them. On this basis, a limited series of 4-spiro-oxazolidinone-benzopyran derivatives (1-7) were synthesized to evaluate them as potential ARL2 inhibitors. The activity was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring the oxidation of NADPH catalyzed by ALR2. Within the series of compounds, the 4-methoxy derivative 1b showed to be the most active compound, exhibiting inhibitory levels in the submicromolar range. In addition, the activity against the aldehyde reductase isoform (ARL1) was also evaluated. Unlike sorbinil (reference drug) that lack of selectivity towards the two enzyme all the tested compounds resulted to be devoid of ARL1 inhibitory activity (IC(50) > 10 µM), thus proving to be selective.
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