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Hart CJ, Riches AG, Tiash S, Abraham R, Fayd'Herbe K, Joch E, Zulfiqar B, Sykes ML, Avery VM, Šlapeta J, Abraham S, Ryan JH, Skinner-Adams TS. Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole 5-carboxamides as potent and selective inhibitors of Giardia duodenalis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2023; 23:54-62. [PMID: 37776606 PMCID: PMC10560980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is the causative agent of the neglected diarrhoeal disease giardiasis. While often self-limiting, giardiasis is ubiquitous and impacts hundreds of millions of people annually. It is also a common gastro-intestinal disease of domestic pets, wildlife, and livestock animals. However, despite this impact, there is no vaccine for Giardia currently available. In addition, treatment relies on chemotherapies that are associated with increasing failure rates. To identify new treatment options for giardiasis we recently screened the Compounds Australia Scaffold Library for new chemotypes with selective anti-Giardia activity, identifying three compounds with sub-μM activity and promising selectivity. Here we extended these studies by examining the anti-Giardia activity of series CL9569 compounds. This compound series was of interest given the promising activity (IC50 1.2 μM) and selectivity demonstrated by representative compound, SN00798525 (1). Data from this work has identified an additional three thieno [3,2-b]pyrrole 5-carboxamides with anti-Giardia activity, including 2 which displayed potent cytocidal (IC50 ≤ 10 nM) and selective activity against multiple Giardia strains, including representatives from both human-infecting assemblages and metronidazole resistant parasites. Preclinical studies in mice also demonstrated that 2 is well-tolerated, does not impact the normal gut microbiota and can reduce Giardia parasite burden in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Js Hart
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew G Riches
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Biomedical Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Snigdha Tiash
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Abraham
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Keely Fayd'Herbe
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellis Joch
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa L Sykes
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John H Ryan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Biomedical Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tina S Skinner-Adams
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
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2
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Torosyan SA, Nuriakhmetova ZF, Gimalova FA, Miftakhov MS. Aromatic and Heteroaromatic 4-Benzyl-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carbohydrazides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Torosyan SA, Nuriakhmetova ZF, Gimalova FA, Miftakhov MS. New Carboxamides of the Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole Series. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Torosyan SA, Nuriakhmetova ZF, Gimalova FA, Egorov VA, Miftakhov MS. 4H-Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carbohydrazides and Their Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020090079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Yamada T, Shibata Y, Tanaka K. Formal Lossen Rearrangement/Alkenylation or Annulation Cascade of Heterole Carboxamides with Alkynes Catalyzed by CpRh III Complexes with Pendant Amides. Chemistry 2019; 25:16022-16031. [PMID: 31553093 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that a cyclopentadienyl (Cp) RhIII complex with two aryl groups and a pendant amide moiety catalyzes the formal Lossen rearrangement/alkenylation cascade of N-pivaloyl heterole carboxamides with internal alkynes, leading to alkenylheteroles. Interestingly, the use of sterically demanding internal alkynes afforded not the alkenylation but the [3+2] annulation products ([5,5]-fused heteroles). In these reactions, the pendant amide moiety of the CpRhIII complex may accelerate the formal Lossen rearrangement. The use of five-membered heteroles may deter reductive elimination to form strained [5,5]-fused heteroles; instead, protonation proceeds to give the alkenylation products. Bulky alkyne substituents accelerate the reductive elimination to allow the formation of the [5,5]-fused heteroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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6
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Kumari P, Ansari SN, Kumar R, Saini AK, Mobin SM. Design and Construction of Aroyl-Hydrazone Derivatives: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Molecular Docking and Their Biological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900315. [PMID: 31532059 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of four new aroyl-hydrazone derivatives L1 -L4 , and their structural as well as biological activities have been explored. In addition to docking with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and duplex DNA, the experimental results demonstrate the effective binding of L1 -L4 with BSA protein and calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) which is in agreement with the docking results. Further biological activities of L1 -L4 have been examined through molecular docking with different proteins which are involved in the propagation of viral or cancer diseases. L1 shows best binding affinity with influenza A virus polymerase PB2 subunit (2VY7) with binding energy -11.42 kcal/mol and inhibition constant 4.23 nm, whereas L2 strongly bind with the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase (2WCX) with binding energy -10.47 kcal/mol and inhibition constant 21.06 nm. Ligand L3 binds strongly with TGF-beta receptor 1 (3FAA) and L4 with cancer-related EphA2 protein kinases (1MQB) with binding energy -10.61 kcal/mol, -10.02 kcal/mol and inhibition constant 16.67 nm and 45.41 nm, respectively. The binding energies of L1 -L4 are comparable with binding energies of their proven inhibitors. L1 , L3 and L4 can be considered as both 3FAA and 1MQB dual targeting anticancer agents, while L1 and L3 are both 2VY7 and 2WCX dual targeting antiviral agents. On the other side, L2 and L4 target only one virus related target (2WCX). Furthermore, the geometry optimizations of L1 -L4 were performed via density functional theory (DFT). Moreover, all four ligands (L1 -L4 ) were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and their molecular structures were validated by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Kumari
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Shagufi Naz Ansari
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | | | - Shaikh M Mobin
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India.,Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India.,Metallurgical Engineering and Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
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7
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Polamreddy P, Vishwakarma V, Arumugam P, Bheemanati R, Esram P, Mahto MK, Kacker P. Discovery of hit molecules targeting allosteric site of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1448-1466. [PMID: 31007134 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1608864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), plays a key role in viral amplification and is an attractive and most explored target for discovery of new therapeutic agents for Hepatitis C. Though safe and effective, NS5B inhibitors were launched in 2013 (Sovaldi) and 2014 (Harvoni, Viekira Pak), the high price tags of these medications limit their use among poor people in developing countries. Hence, still there exists a need for cost-effective and short duration anti-HCV agents especially those targeting niche patient population who were non-respondent to earlier therapies or with comorbid conditions. The present study describes the discovery of novel non-nucleoside (NNI) inhibitors of NS5B using a series of rational drug design techniques such as virtual screening, scaffold matching and molecular docking. 2D and 3D structure based virtual screening technique identified 300 hit compounds. Top 20 hits were screened out from identified hits using molecular docking technique. Four molecules, that are representative of 20 hits were evaluated for binding affinity under in vitro conditions using surface plasmon resonance-based assay and the results emphasized that compound with CoCoCo ID: 412075 could exhibit good binding response toward NS5B and could be a potential candidate as NS5B inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Polamreddy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.,Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinita Vishwakarma
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Puneet Kacker
- Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Torosyan SA, Nuriakhmetova ZF, Zagitov VV, Gimalova FA, Miftakhov MS. New 4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxamides. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Polamreddy P, Vishwakarma V, Saxena P. Identification of potential anti-hepatitis C virus agents targeting non structural protein 5B using computational techniques. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8574-8587. [PMID: 30058078 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that plays a key role in HCV replication, and, hence, NS5B is an attractive target for hepatitis C drug discovery. Hepatitis C is a chronic liver disease affecting the global population significantly. Many NS5B inhibitors targeting active site were launched in recent years, however, still there exists a pressing need for cost-effective therapies with pan genotypic activity and therapies targeting niche HCV population with comorbities and resistant to earlier therapies. The objective of the current study is to identify potential anti-HCV agents from FDA approved drugs that are already in the market for a different disease-Drug repurposing approach. A combination of computational chemistry and computational biology techniques was used to discover potential therapies for hepatitis C targeting the NS5B Thumb I allosteric site. Computational chemistry analysis emphasized the fact that fluvastatin, a lipid lowering agent, and olopatadine, an antihistamine, exhibited good binding affinity to NS5B. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis brought to light the significant overlap between disease characteristic features and the mechanism of action of fluvastatin and olopatadine. The current study concludes the potentially beneficial use of fluvastatin in niche hepatitis C patient population suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Polamreddy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.,Pharma Analytics Department, Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinita Vishwakarma
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Puneet Saxena
- Pharma Analytics Department, Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
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10
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Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Nitroalkenes: Synthesis of Thienopyrroles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Camarasa M, Puig de la Bellacasa R, González ÀL, Ondoño R, Estrada R, Franco S, Badia R, Esté J, Martínez MÁ, Teixidó J, Clotet B, Borrell JI. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-(8H)-ones as HCV inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:463-83. [PMID: 27054294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The design and selection of a combinatorial library of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones (4) has allowed the synthesis of 121 compounds, using known and new synthetic methodologies, and the evaluation of the inhibitory activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b replicon. Among these compounds, 21{4,10} and 24{2,10} presented very high activities [EC50 = 0.027 μM (CC50 = 5.3 μM) and EC50 = 0.034 μM (CC50 = 13.5 μM), respectively] and high selectivity indexes, 196 and 397. These values are similar to the EC50 reported for sofosbuvir (2) (0.048 μM) using a similar methodological approach and the same virus subtype. 21{4,10} and 24{2,10} are obtained through shorter synthetic itineraries than sofosbuvir and 24{2,10} is achiral contrary to sofosbuvir which presents 4 stereogenic centers. In silico studies suggest that 21{4,10} and 24{2,10} inhibits NS5B polymerase through allosteric site binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Camarasa
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raimon Puig de la Bellacasa
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Àlex L González
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raül Ondoño
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roger Estrada
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sandra Franco
- Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Roger Badia
- Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - José Esté
- Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez
- Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Teixidó
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - José I Borrell
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Ching KC, Kam YW, Merits A, Ng LFP, Chai CLL. Trisubstituted Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole 5-Carboxamides as Potent Inhibitors of Alphaviruses. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9196-213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chieh Ching
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Yiu-Wing Kam
- Singapore
Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building,
Level 4, Singapore 138648
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia 50411
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- Singapore
Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building,
Level 4, Singapore 138648
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #14-01T, Singapore 117599
| | - Christina L. L. Chai
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
- Institute
of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros Building,
#07-01/02/03, Singapore 138665
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13
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Discovery of HCV NS5B thumb site I inhibitors: Core-refining from benzimidazole to indole scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:218-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Mirza MU, Ghori NUH, Ikram N, Adil AR, Manzoor S. Pharmacoinformatics approach for investigation of alternative potential hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5B inhibitors. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:1825-41. [PMID: 25848219 PMCID: PMC4383224 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s75886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major viruses affecting the world today. It is a highly variable virus, having a rapid reproduction and evolution rate. The variability of genomes is due to hasty replication catalyzed by nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) which is also a potential target site for the development of anti-HCV agents. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved sofosbuvir as a novel oral NS5B inhibitor for the treatment of HCV. Unfortunately, it is much highlighted for its pricing issues. Hence, there is an urgent need to scrutinize alternate therapies against HCV that are available at affordable price and do not have associated side effects. Such a need is crucial especially in underdeveloped countries. The search for various new bioactive compounds from plants is a key part of pharmaceutical research. In the current study, we applied a pharmacoinformatics-based approach for the identification of active plant-derived compounds against NS5B. The results were compared to docking results of sofosbuvir. The lead compounds with high-binding ligands were further analyzed for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters based on in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile. The results showed the potential alternative lead compounds that can be developed into commercial drugs having high binding energy and promising ADMET properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor-Ul-Huda Ghori
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Ikram
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rehman Adil
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), The University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Manzoor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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15
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Bisset AA, Dishington A, Jones T, Clarkson GJ, Wills M. Synthesis and reduction reactions of pyridones and 5-acyl-2-methoxypyridines. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Beaulieu PL. Design and Development of NS5B Polymerase Non‐nucleoside Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737814-00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 130–170 million people worldwide and is associated with life‐threatening liver diseases. The recent introduction of the first two HCV direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) as a complement to the interferon/ribavirin standard of care has provided patients with improved outcomes. Still, 25–30% of subjects infected with genotype 1 HCV do not respond adequately to treatment owing to the emergence of resistant virus and many suffer from severe side effects. A paradigm shift towards the development of interferon‐free combinations of DAAs with complementary modes of action is currently taking place. Virally encoded proteins and enzymes have become the target of HCV drug discovery efforts and several promising new agents are currently being evaluated in the clinic for treatment of chronic HCV infection. The NS5B RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase is responsible for replication of viral RNA and plays a pivotal role in the virus life cycle. NS5B is undoubtedly the most druggable HCV target and is susceptible to several classes of allosteric inhibitors that bind to four distinct sites on the enzyme. This chapter describes successful strategies that have led to the discovery of HCV NS5B antivirals. It is divided according to allosteric sites and describes how each of the known families of inhibitors was discovered, characterized and optimized to provide clinical candidates. When available, the strategies adopted by medicinal chemists to optimize initial leads and address challenges and liabilities encountered on the path to candidate selection are described, along with reported clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L. Beaulieu
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec Canada, H7S 2G5 resgeneral.lav@boehringer‐ingelheim.com
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17
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Bisset AA, Shiibashi A, Desmond JL, Dishington A, Jones T, Clarkson GJ, Ikariya T, Wills M. Synthesis and asymmetric hydrogenation of (3E)-1-benzyl-3-[(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)methylidene]piperidine-2,6-dione. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:11978-80. [PMID: 23128555 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36807b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (3E)-1-benzyl-3-[(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)methylidene]piperidine-2,6-dione 5 from N-benzylglutarimide was achieved in three steps. The asymmetric hydrogenation of 4 gave either the product of partial reduction (10) or full reduction (13), depending on the catalyst which was employed, in high ee in each case. Attempts at asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of resulted in formation of a racemic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Bisset
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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18
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Haudecoeur R, Peuchmaur M, Ahmed-Belkacem A, Pawlotsky JM, Boumendjel A. Structure-Activity Relationships in the Development of Allosteric Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors: Ten Years of Research. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:934-84. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Haudecoeur
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
| | | | | | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
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19
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Sofia MJ, Chang W, Furman PA, Mosley RT, Ross BS. Nucleoside, nucleotide, and non-nucleoside inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2481-531. [PMID: 22185586 DOI: 10.1021/jm201384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sofia
- Pharmasset, Inc., 303A College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.
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Kwo PY, Vinayek R. The therapeutic approaches for hepatitis C virus: protease inhibitors and polymerase inhibitors. Gut Liver 2011; 5:406-17. [PMID: 22195237 PMCID: PMC3240782 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2011.5.4.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care for hepatitis C infection is peginterferon/ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV). We are entering the era where direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) will be added to PegIFN/RBV, leading to higher sustained response rates in genotype 1 infected individuals. Currently DAAs are directed toward specific proteins involved in hepatitis C replication with NS3/NS4A protease inhibitors furthest in development. Telaprevir and boceprevir are both NS3/NS4a inhibitors that significantly improve sustained response when added to PegIFN and RBV. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase inhibitors are another promising DAA class. These molecules are divided into nucleoside/nucleotide polymerase inhibitors and nonnucleotide/nucleoside polymerase inhibitors. Nucleoside/nucleotide polymerase inhibitors have a high barrier to resistance and appear to be effective across a broad range of genotypes. Nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitors have a lower barrier of resistance and appear to be genotype specific. Preliminary data with these compounds are also promising. A third class, NS5A inhibitors, has also shown potent HCV RNA suppression in preliminary studies as monotherapy and with PegIFN and RBV. Combinations of these agents are also entering clinical trials and indeed a preliminary report has demonstrated that the combination of an NS3/4A protease inhibitor and NS5B polymerase inhibitor can effectively suppress virus in genotype 1 individuals. Future studies will concentrate on combinations of direct-acting antiviral agents without and with PegIFN and RBV. Clinicians will need to be familiar with managing side effects as well as resistance as we enter this new era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Y Kwo
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Narjes F, Crescenzi B, Ferrara M, Habermann J, Colarusso S, Ferreira MDRR, Stansfield I, Mackay AC, Conte I, Ercolani C, Zaramella S, Palumbi MC, Meuleman P, Leroux-Roels G, Giuliano C, Fiore F, Di Marco S, Baiocco P, Koch U, Migliaccio G, Altamura S, Laufer R, De Francesco R, Rowley M. Discovery of (7R)-14-cyclohexyl-7-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl) amino}-7,8-dihydro-6H-indolo[1,2-e][1,5]benzoxazocine-11-carboxylic acid (MK-3281), a potent and orally bioavailable finger-loop inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Med Chem 2010; 54:289-301. [PMID: 21141896 DOI: 10.1021/jm1013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a significant world health problem for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. The polymerase of HCV is responsible for the replication of viral genome and has been a prime target for drug discovery efforts. Here, we report on the further development of tetracyclic indole inhibitors, binding to an allosteric site on the thumb domain. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies around an indolo-benzoxazocine scaffold led to the identification of compound 33 (MK-3281), an inhibitor with good potency in the HCV subgenomic replication assay and attractive molecular properties suitable for a clinical candidate. The compound caused a consistent decrease in viremia in vivo using the chimeric mouse model of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Narjes
- Istituto Di Ricerche Di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti SpA (Merck Research Laboratories, Rome), Pomezia, Italy.
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