1
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Jin X, Piao HR, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Zhuang C, Chen FE. Design of the naphthyl-diarylpyrimidines as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) via structure-based extension into the entrance channel. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113868. [PMID: 34583311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel naphthyl-diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) derivatives were designed and synthesized to explore the entrance channel of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors binding pocket (NNIBP) by incorporating different flexible side chains at the C-6 position. The biological evaluation results showed that all analogues possessed promising HIV-1 inhibitory activity at the nanomolar concentration range. Three compounds (7, 9 and 39) displayed excellent potency against WT HIV-1 strain with EC50 values ranging from 5 to 10 nM and high selectivity indexes (SI = 3504, 30488 and 22846, respectively), which were higher than for nevirapine and comparable to the values for etravirine. The RT inhibition activity, preliminary structure-activity relationship and molecular docking study showed that the side chain at the C-6 position of the DAPYs occupied the entrance channel and significantly influenced anti-HIV activity and selectivity. Additionally, the physicochemical properties were investigated to evaluate the drug-like features, which indicated that introducing various substituents on the pyrimidine ring can improve solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Hu-Ri Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Sang Y, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Zhuang C, Chen F. Chemical space exploration of novel naphthyl-carboxamide-diarylpyrimidine derivatives with potent anti-HIV-1 activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104905. [PMID: 33895602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen naphthyl-carboxamide-DAPYs were generated to explore chemical space in reverse transcriptase (RT) binding site via lead optimization strategy. They displayed up to single-digit nanomolar activity against wild-type (WT) and rilpivirine-associated resistant mutant E138K viruses, as well as potent inhibitory ability toward the RT enzyme. Compound a1 showed exceptionally inhibitory effects with an EC50 value of 3.7 nM against HIV-1 wt strain, and an EC50 of 11 nM targeting mutant E138K. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the newly obtained DAPYs were also investigated. Molecular docking analysis elucidated the biological activity and offered a structural insight for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Sang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Sun R, Kang X, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Wang R, Fu R, Li Y, Hu Y, Wang Z, Shan W, Zhou J, Tian X, Yao J. Sirtuin 3-mediated deacetylation of acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 by protocatechuic acid attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4166-4180. [PMID: 32520409 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hepatic fatty acid metabolism disorder, a key pathogenic mechanism underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with the hyperacetylation of mitochondrial enzymes. Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3), which is involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism, was predicted to contain lysine acetylation sites related to the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism by which SIRT3 deacetylates ACSF3 in NAFLD and the protective effect of the natural phenolic compound protocatechuic acid (PCA) against fatty acid metabolism disorder via the SIRT3/ACSF3 pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The role of protocatechuic acid and its molecular mechanism in NAFLD were detected in rats and SIRT3-knockout mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and in AML-12 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA). KEY RESULTS Pharmacological treatment with protocatechuic acid significantly attenuated high-fat diet-induced fatty acid metabolism disorder in NAFLD. Molecular docking assays showed that protocatechuic acid specifically bound SIRT3 as a substrate and increased SIRT3 protein expression. However, the protective role of protocatechuic acid was abolished by SIRT3 knockdown, which increased ACSF3 expression and exacerbated fatty acid metabolism disorder. Mechanistically, SIRT3 was shown to specifically regulate the acetylation and degradation of ACSF3, which govern the capacity of ACSF3 to mediate fatty acid metabolism disorder during NAFLD. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS SIRT3-mediated ACSF3 deacetylation is a novel molecular mechanism in NAFLD therapy and protocatechuic acid confers protection against high-fat diet- and palmitic acid-induced hepatic fatty acid metabolism disorder through the SIRT3/ACSF3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruiwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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4
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Zhuang C, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Chen F. Development of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): our past twenty years. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:961-978. [PMID: 32642405 PMCID: PMC7332669 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the primary infectious agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are the cornerstone of HIV treatment. In the last 20 years, our medicinal chemistry group has made great strides in developing several distinct novel NNRTIs, including 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT), thio-dihydro-alkoxy-benzyl-oxopyrimidine (S-DABO), diaryltriazine (DATA), diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) analogues, and their hybrid derivatives. Application of integrated modern medicinal strategies, including structure-based drug design, fragment-based optimization, scaffold/fragment hopping, molecular/fragment hybridization, and bioisosterism, led to the development of several highly potent analogues for further evaluations. In this paper, we review the development of NNRTIs in the last two decades using the above optimization strategies, including their structure–activity relationships, molecular modeling, and their binding modes with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Future directions and perspectives on the design and associated challenges are also discussed.
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Key Words
- AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Bioisosterism
- DAPY, diarylpyrimidine
- DAPYs
- DATA, diaryltriazine
- DATAs
- DLV, delavirdine
- DOR, doravirine
- ECD, electronic circular dichroism
- EFV, efavirenz
- ETR, etravirine
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Fragment-based drug design
- HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy
- HENT, napthyl-HEPT
- HENTs
- HEPT, 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HIV-1
- INSTI, integrase inhibitor
- Molecular hybridization
- NNIBP, NNRTI binding pocket
- NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- NNRTIs
- NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- NVP, nevirapine
- PI, protease inhibitor
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PROTAC, proteolysis targeting chimera
- RPV, rilpivirine
- RT, reverse transcriptase
- S-DABO, thio-dihydro-alkoxy-benzyl-oxopyrimidine
- S-DABOs
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SBDD, structure-based drug design
- SFC, supercritical fluid chromatography
- SI, selectivity index
- Structure-based optimization
- UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
- ee, enantiomeric excess
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Corresponding author.
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5
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Zhang E, Liu J, Shi L, Guo X, Liang Z, Zuo J, Xu H, Wang H, Shu X, Huang S, Zhang S, Kang X, Zhen Y. 7-O-geranylquercetin contributes to reverse P-gp-mediated adriamycin resistance in breast cancer. Life Sci 2019; 238:116938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Sang Y, Han S, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Zhuang C, Chen F. Conformational restriction design of thiophene-biphenyl-DAPY HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Follow on-based optimization of the biphenyl-DAPYs as HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against the wild-type and mutant strains. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:102974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Kini SG, Rathi E, Kumar A, Bhat V. Potentials of Diphenyl Ether Scaffold as a Therapeutic Agent: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1392-1406. [PMID: 30864517 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312150132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl ethers (DPE) and its analogs have exhibited excellent potential for therapeutic and industrial applications. Since the 19th century, intensive research is perpetuating on the synthetic routes and biological properties of DPEs. Few well-known DPEs are Nimesulide, Fenclofenac, Triclosan, Sorafenib, MK-4965, and MK-1439 which have shown the potential of this moiety as a lead scaffold for different pharmacological properties. In this review, we recapitulate the diverse synthetic route of DPE moiety inclusive of merits and demerits over the classical synthetic route and how this moiety sparked an interest in researchers to discern the SAR (Structure Activity Relationship) for the development of diversified biological properties of DPEs such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiinflammatory & antiviral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarna G Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ekta Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varadaraj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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9
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Jin K, Sang Y, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Meng G. Design and synthesis of a novel series of non-nucleoside HIV-1 inhibitors bearing pyrimidine and N-substituted aromatic piperazine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3491-3495. [PMID: 30318436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of substituted piperazine-1-yl-pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized as a new type of HIV-1 non-nucleoside inhibitors. Various N-substituted aromatic groups were incorporated into the piperazine ring through a simple and practical route to investigate the biological activity of these target compounds against wild-type and resistant strains of HIV-1. All of the target compounds were also evaluated as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors in MT-4 cell cultures. The biological results showed that six of these compounds displayed inhibitory activities against the wild-type strain, among of which 7q and 7t were found to be the two most active analogues possessing EC50 values of 31.50 μM and 3.36 μM, respectively. Molecular modeling studies of 7q provide valuable information for developing new anti-HIV-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaiJun Jin
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - YaLi Sang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ge Meng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Gu SX, Lu HH, Liu GY, Ju XL, Zhu YY. Advances in diarylpyrimidines and related analogues as HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:371-392. [PMID: 30223123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have been playing an important role in the fight against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs) as the second generation NNRTIs, represented by etravirine (TMC125) and rilpivirine (TMC278), have attracted extensive attention due to their extraordinary potency, high specificity and low toxicity. However, the rapid emergence of drug-resistant virus strains and dissatisfactory pharmacokinetics of DAPYs present new challenges. In the past two decades, an increasing number of novel DAPY derivatives have emerged, which significantly enriched the structure-activity relationship of DAPYs. Studies of crystallography and molecular modeling have afforded a lot of useful information on structural requirements of NNRTIs, which contributes greatly to the improvement of their resistance profiles. In this review, we reviewed the discovery history and their evolution of DAPYs including their structural modification, derivatization and scaffold hopping in continuous pursuit of excellent anti-HIV drugs. And also, we discussed the prospect of DAPYs and the directions of future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China.
| | - Huan-Huan Lu
- Yichang Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yichang, 443005, PR China
| | - Gen-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Xiu-Lian Ju
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China.
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11
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Valuev-Elliston VT, Kochetkov SN. Novel HIV-1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: A Combinatorial Approach. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29523068 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917130107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is one of the most effective means for fighting against HIV-infection. HAART primarily targets HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), and 14 of 28 compounds approved by the FDA as anti-HIV drugs act on this enzyme. HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) hold a special place among HIV RT inhibitors owing to their high specificity and unique mode of action. Nonetheless, these drugs show a tendency to decrease their efficacy due to high HIV-1 variability and formation of resistant virus strains tolerant to clinically applied HIV NNRTIs. A combinatorial approach based on varying substituents within various fragments of the parent molecule that results in development of highly potent compounds is one of the approaches aimed at designing novel HIV NNRTIs. Generation of HIV NNRTIs based on pyrimidine derivatives explicitly exemplifies this approach, which is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Valuev-Elliston
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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12
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Discovery of biphenyl-substituted diarylpyrimidines as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with high potency against wild-type and mutant HIV-1. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:726-734. [PMID: 29353724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) derivatives bearing the biphenyl motif with multiple substituted groups was synthesized as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. All of the target compounds were evaluated for their in vitro activity against HIV in MT-4 cells. Most of the compounds exhibited excellent activity with low nanomolar EC50 values against wild-type, single and double mutant HIV-1 strains. Compound 4b displayed an EC50 value of 1 nM against HIV-1 IIIB, 1.3 nM against L100I, 0.84 nM against K103 N, 1.5 nM against Y181C, 11 nM against Y188L, 2 nM against E138K, 10 nM against K103 N + Y181C, and almost 110 nM against F227L + V106. The improvement in the selectivity and potency of the target molecules against the wild-type and mutant HIV-1 strains validated our hypothesis. The biphenyl ring in the DAPY derivatives could strengthen the π-π stacking effect between the target molecule and the non-nucleoside inhibitor-binding pocket in the reverse transcriptase by extending the conjugating systems. This research represented a significant step toward the discovery of novel therapeutic DAPYs for treating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in patients infected with HIV-1.
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13
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Ge Y, Jin Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Tang Z, Peng J, Liu K, Li Y, Zhou Y, Ma X. Discovery of Novel Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitors Bearing a N,9-Diphenyl-9 H-purin-2-amine Scaffold. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1050-1055. [PMID: 27994736 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the pyrimidine skeleton of EGFRT790M inhibitors, a series of N,9-diphenyl-9H-purin-2-amine derivatives were identified as effective BTK inhibitors. Among these compounds, inhibitors 10d, 10i, and 10j, possessing IC50 values of 0.5, 0.5, and 0.4 nM, displayed anti-BTK kinase activity that was as potent as the reference compounds. In particular, compound 10j suppressed the proliferation of two typical B-cell leukemia cell lines expressing high levels of BTK with concentrations of 7.75 and 12.6 μM. The activity of the subject compound as determined by the CCK-8 method and apoptosis analysis validated that inhibitor 10j is slightly more potent than AVL-292 and ibrutinib. The results of these experimental explorations suggested that 10j could serve as a valuable molecule for control of leukemia pending further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ge
- College
of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Yue Jin
- College
of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College
of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- College
of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- College
of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College
of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Respiratory
Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department
of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College
of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
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14
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Yu H, Li Y, Ge Y, Song Z, Wang C, Huang S, Jin Y, Han X, Zhen Y, Liu K, Zhou Y, Ma X. Novel 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives featuring an 1-adamantyl moiety as potent EGFR inhibitors with enhanced activity against NSCLC cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Wang C, Sun Y, Zhu X, Wu B, Wang Q, Zhen Y, Shu X, Liu K, Zhou Y, Ma X. Novel Quinazoline Derivatives Bearing Various 4-Aniline Moieties as Potent EGFR Inhibitors with Enhanced Activity Against NSCLC Cell Lines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:635-43. [PMID: 26613384 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A class of novel quinazoline derivatives bearing various C-4 aniline moieties was synthesized and biologically evaluated as potent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for intervention of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most of these inhibitors are comparable to gefitinib in inhibiting these cancer cell lines, and several of them even displayed superior inhibitory activity. In particular, analogue 5b with an IC50 of 0.10 μm against the EGFR wild-type A431 cells and 5c with an IC50 of 0.001 μm against the gefitinib-sensitive HCC827 cells (EGFR del E746-A750) was identified as highly active EGFR inhibitors. It was also significant that the discovered analogue 2f, not only has high potency against the gefitinib-sensitive cells (IC50 = 0.031 μm), but also possesses remarkably improved activity against the gefitinib-resistant cells. In addition, the enzymatic assays and the Western blot analysis for evaluating the effects of the typical inhibitors indicated that these molecules strongly interfere with the EGFR target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yajun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xingqi Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuhong Zhen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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16
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A novel family of diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs) featuring a diatomic linker: Design, synthesis and anti-HIV activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6587-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Wu HQ, Yao J, He QQ, Chen WX, Chen FE, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Daelemans D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of DAPY–DPEs hybrids as non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:624-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Wu HQ, Yao J, He QQ, Chen FE. Docking-based CoMFA and CoMSIA studies on naphthyl-substituted diarylpyrimidines as NNRTIs. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 25:761-775. [PMID: 25242254 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.955054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) play a significant role in anti-HIV drug development. A series of naphthyl-substituted diarylpyrimidines with most EC50 values in the nanomolar range was reported as potent NNRTIs by our lab. In order to obtain the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) that can guide rational lead optimization, CoMFA and CoMSIA studies were carried out. Docking study based on the co-crystallized complex (PDB ID: 3MEC) was utilized as an approach to obtain reliable conformations for molecular alignment. Two different molecular alignments were performed, resulting in two CoMFA models and 34 CoMSIA models. The CoMSIA models correspond to all the possible combinations among five fields: steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond donor, and hydrogen bond acceptor. Highly predictive models were achieved, in which the statistically reliable CoMFA model had a q(2) of 0.743 and an r(2) of 0.980, whereas the best CoMSIA model had a q(2) of 0.713 and an r(2) of 0.969. The best models were rigorously validated with an external test set, which gave satisfactory predictive r(2) values for CoMFA and CoMSIA models: 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. Contour maps obtained from selected models revealed important structural features and some rational guidance for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qiu Wu
- a Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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19
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Yan ZH, Huang XY, Wu HQ, Chen WX, He QQ, Chen FE, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C. Structural modifications of CH(OH)-DAPYs as new HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2535-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Sawama Y, Ogata Y, Kawamoto K, Satake H, Shibata K, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H, Kita Y. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Functionalizations of 1,4-Epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalenes. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Johnson BC, Pauly GT, Rai G, Patel D, Bauman JD, Baker HL, Das K, Schneider JP, Maloney DJ, Arnold E, Thomas CJ, Hughes SH. A comparison of the ability of rilpivirine (TMC278) and selected analogues to inhibit clinically relevant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase mutants. Retrovirology 2012; 9:99. [PMID: 23217210 PMCID: PMC3549755 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recently approved anti-AIDS drug rilpivirine (TMC278, Edurant) is a nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI) that binds to reverse transcriptase (RT) and allosterically blocks the chemical step of DNA synthesis. In contrast to earlier NNRTIs, rilpivirine retains potency against well-characterized, clinically relevant RT mutants. Many structural analogues of rilpivirine are described in the patent literature, but detailed analyses of their antiviral activities have not been published. This work addresses the ability of several of these analogues to inhibit the replication of wild-type (WT) and drug-resistant HIV-1. Results We used a combination of structure activity relationships and X-ray crystallography to examine NNRTIs that are structurally related to rilpivirine to determine their ability to inhibit WT RT and several clinically relevant RT mutants. Several analogues showed broad activity with only modest losses of potency when challenged with drug-resistant viruses. Structural analyses (crystallography or modeling) of several analogues whose potencies were reduced by RT mutations provide insight into why these compounds were less effective. Conclusions Subtle variations between compounds can lead to profound differences in their activities and resistance profiles. Compounds with larger substitutions replacing the pyrimidine and benzonitrile groups of rilpivirine, which reorient pocket residues, tend to lose more activity against the mutants we tested. These results provide a deeper understanding of how rilpivirine and related compounds interact with the NNRTI binding pocket and should facilitate development of novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry C Johnson
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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22
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Design, synthesis, anti-HIV evaluation and molecular modeling of piperidine-linked amino-triazine derivatives as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3856-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and docking studies of N-phenylarylformamide derivatives (PAFAs) as non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:504-12. [PMID: 23164656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-phenylarylformamide derivatives (PAFAs) with anti-wild-type HIV-1 activity (EC(50) values) ranging from 0.3 nM to 5.1 nM and therapeutic index (TI) ranging from 10 616 to 271 000 were identified as novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Among them, compound 13g (EC(50) = 0.30 nM, TI = 184 578), 13l (EC(50) = 0.37 nM, TI = 212 819), 13m (EC(50) = 0.32 nM, TI = 260 617) and 13r (EC(50) = 0.27 nM, TI = 271 000) displayed the highest activity against this type virus nearly as potent as lead compound GW678248. Moreover, all of them were also active to inhibit the double mutant strain A(17) (K103N + Y181C) with EC(50) values of 0.29 μM, 0.14 μM, 0.10 μM and 0.27 μM, respectively. In particular, compound 13m, which showed broad-spectrum anti-HIV activity, was also effective to inhibit the HIV-2 ROD replication within 4.37 μM concentration.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cycloalkyl arylpyrimidines (CAPYs) as HIV-1 NNRTIs. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7093-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Minkara MS, Davis PH, Radhakrishnan ML. Multiple drugs and multiple targets: An analysis of the electrostatic determinants of binding between non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors and variants of HIV-1 RT. Proteins 2011; 80:573-90. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.23221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Ma XD, Yang SQ, Gu SX, He QQ, Chen FE, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Pannecouque C. Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of Aryl-2-[(4-cyanophenyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinone hydrazones as Potent Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:2225-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Gu SX, He QQ, Yang SQ, Ma XD, Chen FE, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Pannecouque C. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel diarylpyrimidines with hydromethyl linker (CH(OH)-DAPYs) as HIV-1 NNRTIs. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5117-24. [PMID: 21824782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 26 diarylpyrimidines, characterized by the hydroxymethyl linker between the left wing benzene ring and the central pyrimidine, were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro anti-HIV activity. Most of the compounds exhibited moderate to excellent activities against wild-type HIV-1. Among them, compound 10i, bearing a chlorine atom at the C-2 position of left benzene ring, was the best congener and showed potent activity against wild-type HIV-1 with an EC(50) value of 0.009 μM, along with moderate activities against the double RT mutant (K103N+Y181C) HIV-1(III(B)) and HIV-2(ROD) with an EC(50) value of 6.2 and 6.0 μM, respectively. The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this new series of compounds was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhan P, Chen X, Li D, Fang Z, De Clercq E, Liu X. HIV-1 NNRTIs: structural diversity, pharmacophore similarity, and implications for drug design. Med Res Rev 2011; 33 Suppl 1:E1-72. [PMID: 21523792 DOI: 10.1002/med.20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nowadays represent very potent and most promising anti-AIDS agents that specifically target the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). However, the effectiveness of NNRTI drugs can be hampered by rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses and severe side effects upon long-term use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel, highly potent NNRTIs with broad spectrum antiviral activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties, and more efficient strategies that facilitate and shorten the drug discovery process would be extremely beneficial. Fortunately, the structural diversity of NNRTIs provided a wide space for novel lead discovery, and the pharmacophore similarity of NNRTIs gave valuable hints for lead discovery and optimization. More importantly, with the continued efforts in the development of computational tools and increased crystallographic information on RT/NNRTI complexes, structure-based approaches using a combination of traditional medicinal chemistry, structural biology, and computational chemistry are being used increasingly in the design of NNRTIs. First, this review covers two decades of research and development for various NNRTI families based on their chemical scaffolds, and then describes the structural similarity of NNRTIs. We have attempted to assemble a comprehensive overview of the general approaches in NNRTI lead discovery and optimization reported in the literature during the last decade. The successful applications of medicinal chemistry strategies, crystallography, and computational tools for designing novel NNRTIs are highlighted. Future directions for research are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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29
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Zeng ZS, Liang YH, Feng XQ, Chen FE, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Lead optimization of diarylpyrimidines as non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:837-40. [PMID: 20333620 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Sen Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, RR China
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30
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Zeng ZS, He QQ, Liang YH, Feng XQ, Chen FE, Clercq ED, Balzarini J, Pannecouque C. Hybrid diarylbenzopyrimidine non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as promising new leads for improved anti-HIV-1 chemotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5039-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of 2-naphthyl substituted DAPY analogues as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4601-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Feng XQ, Zeng ZS, Liang YH, Chen FE, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, Clercq ED. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-(hydroxyimino)arylmethyl diarylpyrimidine analogues as potential non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against HIV. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2370-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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