1
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Li D, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang X, Zhong H, Yang H, Xi Y, Liu H, Shen A, Hu Y. Discovery of ( S)- N-(2-Amino-4-fluorophenyl)-4-(1-(3-(4-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-6-oxopyridazin-1(6 H)-yl)ethyl)benzamide as Potent Class I Selective HDAC Inhibitor for Oral Anticancer Drug Candidate. J Med Chem 2023; 66:7016-7037. [PMID: 37184921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of benzamide derivatives were successively designed and synthesized prepared from the pyridazinone scaffold. Among them, (S)-17b, demonstrated potent inhibitory activity in vitro toward human class I HDAC isoforms and human myelodysplastic syndrome (SKM-1) cell line. Also, (S)-17b strongly increased the intracellular level of acetyl-histone H3 and P21 simultaneously and effectively induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Through oral dosing in SKM-1 xenograft models, (S)-17b exhibited excellent in vivo antitumor activity. In addition, compound (S)-17b showed better antitumor efficacy on mouse models with intact immune system than those with thymus deficiencies. Furthermore, this compound displayed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in ICR mice and SD rat, respectively, minimal metabolic property differences among hepatocytes from five species, and a low inhibition upon the human ether-a-go-go (hERG) channel with an IC50 value of 34.6 μΜ. This novel compound (S)-17b may serve as a new drug candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China
| | - Yalei Li
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China
| | - Hanyue Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China
| | - Huajie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Xi
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aijun Shen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
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2
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Lu D, Wu JH, Pan J, Chen X, Ren X, Wang T. Asymmetric synthesis of benzothiazolopyrimidines with high catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity under bifunctional phosphonium salt systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11231-11234. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04820h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional phosphonium salt-mediated formal [4+2] annulation towards chiral benzothiazolopyrimidine compounds with excellent yields and stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jianke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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3
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Laaniste L, Srivastava PK, Stylianou J, Syed N, Cases-Cunillera S, Shkura K, Zeng Q, Rackham OJL, Langley SR, Delahaye-Duriez A, O'Neill K, Williams M, Becker A, Roncaroli F, Petretto E, Johnson MR. Integrated systems-genetic analyses reveal a network target for delaying glioma progression. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1616-1638. [PMID: 31420939 PMCID: PMC6764637 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify a convergent, multitarget proliferation characteristic for astrocytoma transformation that could be targeted for therapy discovery. Methods Using an integrated functional genomics approach, we prioritized networks associated with astrocytoma progression using the following criteria: differential co‐expression between grade II and grade III IDH1‐mutated and 1p/19q euploid astrocytomas, preferential enrichment for genetic risk to cancer, association with patient survival and sample‐level genomic features. Drugs targeting the identified multitarget network characteristic for astrocytoma transformation were computationally predicted using drug transcriptional perturbation data and validated using primary human astrocytoma cells. Results A single network, M2, consisting of 177 genes, was associated with glioma progression on the basis of the above criteria. Functionally, M2 encoded physically interacting proteins regulating cell cycle processes and analysis of genome‐wide gene‐regulatory interactions using mutual information and DNA–protein interactions revealed the known regulators of cell cycle processes FoxM1, B‐Myb, and E2F2 as key regulators of M2. These results suggest functional disruption of M2 via gene mutation or altered expression as a convergent pathway regulating astrocytoma transformation. By considering M2 as a multitarget drug target regulating astrocytoma transformation, we identified several drugs that are predicted to restore M2 expression in anaplastic astrocytoma toward its low‐grade profile and of these, we validated the known antiproliferative drug resveratrol as down‐regulating multiple nodes of M2 including at nanomolar concentrations achievable in human cerebrospinal fluid by oral dosing. Interpretation Our results identify M2 as a multitarget network characteristic for astrocytoma progression and encourage M2‐based drug screening to identify new compounds for preventing glioma transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Laaniste
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Julianna Stylianou
- John Fulcher Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Kirill Shkura
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- John Fulcher Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah R Langley
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Andree Delahaye-Duriez
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK.,PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Kevin O'Neill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Williams
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Albert Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Johnson
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
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4
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Kunig V, Potowski M, Gohla A, Brunschweiger A. DNA-encoded libraries - an efficient small molecule discovery technology for the biomedical sciences. Biol Chem 2019; 399:691-710. [PMID: 29894294 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded compound libraries are a highly attractive technology for the discovery of small molecule protein ligands. These compound collections consist of small molecules covalently connected to individual DNA sequences carrying readable information about the compound structure. DNA-tagging allows for efficient synthesis, handling and interrogation of vast numbers of chemically synthesized, drug-like compounds. They are screened on proteins by an efficient, generic assay based on Darwinian principles of selection. To date, selection of DNA-encoded libraries allowed for the identification of numerous bioactive compounds. Some of these compounds uncovered hitherto unknown allosteric binding sites on target proteins; several compounds proved their value as chemical biology probes unraveling complex biology; and the first examples of clinical candidates that trace their ancestry to a DNA-encoded library were reported. Thus, DNA-encoded libraries proved their value for the biomedical sciences as a generic technology for the identification of bioactive drug-like molecules numerous times. However, large scale experiments showed that even the selection of billions of compounds failed to deliver bioactive compounds for the majority of proteins in an unbiased panel of target proteins. This raises the question of compound library design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kunig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marco Potowski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anne Gohla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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5
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Saha A, Jana A, Choudhury LH. Lemon juice mediated multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of fused imidazoles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green approach for the synthesis of diverse medicinally important tricyclic fused imidazoles has been described using one-pot multicomponent reactions in lemon juice as a biocatalyst as well as the reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argha Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
| | - Asim Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
| | - Lokman H. Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
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6
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Rassokhina IV, Tikhonova TA, Kobylskoy SG, Babkin IY, Shirinian VZ, Gevorgyan V, Zavarzin IV, Volkova YA. Synthesis of Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles via Copper-Catalyzed A3-Coupling in Batch and Continuous Flow. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9682-9692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey G. Kobylskoy
- Laboratory of High Technologies, Ltd, 86 prosp. Vernadskogo, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Yu. Babkin
- Laboratory of High Technologies, Ltd, 86 prosp. Vernadskogo, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor
Street, Room 4500, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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7
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Neto Í, Andrade J, Fernandes AS, Pinto Reis C, Salunke JK, Priimagi A, Candeias NR, Rijo P. Multicomponent Petasis-borono Mannich Preparation of Alkylaminophenols and Antimicrobial Activity Studies. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2015-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Íris Neto
- Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS); Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias; 1749-024 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Joana Andrade
- Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS); Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias; 1749-024 Lisboa Portugal
| | - A. S. Fernandes
- Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS); Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias; 1749-024 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS); Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias; 1749-024 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Jagadish K. Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Nuno R. Candeias
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS); Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias; 1749-024 Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa); Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade de Lisboa; 1649-003 Lisboa Portugal
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8
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Salamon H, Klika Škopić M, Jung K, Bugain O, Brunschweiger A. Chemical Biology Probes from Advanced DNA-encoded Libraries. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:296-307. [PMID: 26820267 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The identification of bioactive compounds is a crucial step toward development of probes for chemical biology studies. Screening of DNA-encoded small molecule libraries (DELs) has emerged as a validated technology to interrogate vast chemical space. DELs consist of chimeric molecules composed of a low-molecular weight compound that is conjugated to a DNA identifier tag. They are screened as pooled libraries using selection to identify "hits." Screening of DELs has identified numerous bioactive compounds. Some of these molecules were instrumental in gaining a deeper understanding of biological systems. One of the main challenges in the field is the development of synthesis methodology for DELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Salamon
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße
6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mateja Klika Škopić
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße
6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jung
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße
6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Olivia Bugain
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße
6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße
6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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9
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Khan SN, Khan AU. Breaking the Spell: Combating Multidrug Resistant 'Superbugs'. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:174. [PMID: 26925046 PMCID: PMC4757689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a severe threat to community wellbeing. Conventional antibiotics are getting progressively more ineffective as a consequence of resistance, making it imperative to realize improved antimicrobial options. In this review we emphasized the microorganisms primarily reported of being resistance, referred as ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae) accentuating their capacity to "escape" from routine antimicrobial regimes. The upcoming antimicrobial agents showing great potential and can serve as alternative therapeutic options are discussed. We also provided succinct overview of two evolving technologies; specifically network pharmacology and functional genomics profiling. Furthermore, In vivo imaging techniques can provide novel targets and a real time tool for potential lead molecule assessment. The employment of such approaches at prelude of a drug development process, will enables more informed decisions on candidate drug selection and will maximize or predict therapeutic potential before clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asad U. Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
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10
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Škopić MK, Bugain O, Jung K, Onstein S, Brandherm S, Kalliokoski T, Brunschweiger A. Design and synthesis of DNA-encoded libraries based on a benzodiazepine and a pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00243a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries based on scaffolds functionalized for DNA-compatible chemistry were synthesized by split-and-pool combinatorial chemistry. The library design was aided by a chemoinformatic filtering cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Klika Škopić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Technical University of Dortmund
- D-44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - O. Bugain
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Technical University of Dortmund
- D-44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - K. Jung
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Technical University of Dortmund
- D-44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - S. Onstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Technical University of Dortmund
- D-44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - S. Brandherm
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Technical University of Dortmund
- D-44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | | | - A. Brunschweiger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Technical University of Dortmund
- D-44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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11
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Samain F, Ekblad T, Mikutis G, Zhong N, Zimmermann M, Nauer A, Bajic D, Decurtins W, Scheuermann J, Brown PJ, Hall J, Gräslund S, Schüler H, Neri D, Franzini RM. Tankyrase 1 Inhibitors with Drug-like Properties Identified by Screening a DNA-Encoded Chemical Library. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5143-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Samain
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Torun Ekblad
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nan Zhong
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mauro Zimmermann
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Nauer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Davor Bajic
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Willy Decurtins
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Brown
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Gräslund
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Herwig Schüler
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dario Neri
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Kell DB, Oliver SG. How drugs get into cells: tested and testable predictions to help discriminate between transporter-mediated uptake and lipoidal bilayer diffusion. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:231. [PMID: 25400580 PMCID: PMC4215795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to experimental science involves creating hypotheses, then testing them by varying one or more independent variables, and assessing the effects of this variation on the processes of interest. We use this strategy to compare the intellectual status and available evidence for two models or views of mechanisms of transmembrane drug transport into intact biological cells. One (BDII) asserts that lipoidal phospholipid Bilayer Diffusion Is Important, while a second (PBIN) proposes that in normal intact cells Phospholipid Bilayer diffusion Is Negligible (i.e., may be neglected quantitatively), because evolution selected against it, and with transmembrane drug transport being effected by genetically encoded proteinaceous carriers or pores, whose “natural” biological roles, and substrates are based in intermediary metabolism. Despite a recent review elsewhere, we can find no evidence able to support BDII as we can find no experiments in intact cells in which phospholipid bilayer diffusion was either varied independently or measured directly (although there are many papers where it was inferred by seeing a covariation of other dependent variables). By contrast, we find an abundance of evidence showing cases in which changes in the activities of named and genetically identified transporters led to measurable changes in the rate or extent of drug uptake. PBIN also has considerable predictive power, and accounts readily for the large differences in drug uptake between tissues, cells and species, in accounting for the metabolite-likeness of marketed drugs, in pharmacogenomics, and in providing a straightforward explanation for the late-stage appearance of toxicity and of lack of efficacy during drug discovery programmes despite macroscopically adequate pharmacokinetics. Consequently, the view that Phospholipid Bilayer diffusion Is Negligible (PBIN) provides a starting hypothesis for assessing cellular drug uptake that is much better supported by the available evidence, and is both more productive and more predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK ; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen G Oliver
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ; Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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13
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Spreckelmeyer S, Orvig C, Casini A. Cellular transport mechanisms of cytotoxic metallodrugs: an overview beyond cisplatin. Molecules 2014; 19:15584-610. [PMID: 25268716 PMCID: PMC6271550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of medicinal inorganic chemistry has grown consistently during the past 50 years; however, metal-containing coordination compounds represent only a minor proportion of drugs currently on the market, indicating that research in this area has not yet been thoroughly realized. Although platinum-based drugs as cancer chemotherapeutic agents have been widely studied, exact knowledge of the mechanisms governing their accumulation in cells is still lacking. However, evidence suggests active uptake and efflux mechanisms are involved; this may be involved also in other experimental metal coordination and organometallic compounds with promising antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo, such as ruthenium and gold compounds. Such knowledge would be necessary to elucidate the balance between activity and toxicity profiles of metal compounds. In this review, we present an overview of the information available on the cellular accumulation of Pt compounds from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, as well as a summary of reports on the possible accumulation mechanisms for different families of experimental anticancer metal complexes (e.g., Ru Au and Ir). Finally, we discuss the need for rationalization of the investigational approaches available to study metallodrug cellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spreckelmeyer
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Angela Casini
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
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Abou-Gharbia M, Childers WE. Discovery of Innovative Therapeutics: Today’s Realities and Tomorrow’s Vision. 2. Pharma’s Challenges and Their Commitment to Innovation. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5525-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401564r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magid Abou-Gharbia
- Moulder
Center for Drug Discovery
Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Wayne E. Childers
- Moulder
Center for Drug Discovery
Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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