1
|
Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors to Target Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103220. [PMID: 35630697 PMCID: PMC9143943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on a novel series of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) potentially useful for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The newly designed and synthesized compounds are structurally related to nilotinib (NIL), a second-generation oral TKI, and to a series of imatinib (IM)-based TKIs, previously reported by our research group, these latter characterized by a hybrid structure between TKIs and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitors. The enzyme HO-1 was selected as an additional target since it is overexpressed in many cases of drug resistance, including CML. The new derivatives 1a–j correctly tackle the chimeric protein BCR-ABL. Therefore, the inhibition of TK was comparable to or higher than NIL and IM for many novel compounds, while most of the new analogs showed only moderate potency against HO-1. Molecular docking studies revealed insights into the binding mode with BCR-ABL and HO-1, providing a structural explanation for the differential activity. Cytotoxicity on K562 CML cells, both NIL-sensitive and -resistant, was evaluated. Notably, some new compounds strongly reduced the viability of K562 sensitive cells.
Collapse
|
2
|
Floresta G, Fallica AN, Patamia V, Sorrenti V, Greish K, Rescifina A, Pittalà V. From Far West to East: Joining the Molecular Architecture of Imidazole-like Ligands in HO-1 Complexes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121289. [PMID: 34959690 PMCID: PMC8704944 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HO-1 overexpression has been reported in several cases/types of human malignancies. Unfortunately, poor clinical outcomes are reported in most of these cases, and the inhibition of HO-1 is considered a valuable and proven anticancer approach. To identify novel hit compounds suitable as HO-1 inhibitors, we report here a fragment-based approach where ligand joining experiments were used. The two most important parts of the classical structure of the HO-1 inhibitors were used as a starting point, and 1000 novel compounds were generated and then virtually evaluated by structure and ligand-based approaches. The joining experiments led us to a novel series of indole-based compounds. A synthetic pathway for eight selected molecules was designed, and the compounds were synthesized. The biological activity revealed that some molecules reach the micromolar activity, whereas molecule 4d inhibits the HO-1 with an IC50 of 1.03 μM. This study suggested that our joining approach was successful, and a novel hit compound was generated. These results are ongoing for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (A.N.F.); (V.P.); (V.S.)
- Department of Analytics, Environmental & Forensics, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Antonino Nicolò Fallica
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (A.N.F.); (V.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Patamia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (A.N.F.); (V.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (A.N.F.); (V.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Khaled Greish
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain;
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (A.N.F.); (V.P.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (A.N.F.); (V.P.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (V.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salerno L, Vanella L, Sorrenti V, Consoli V, Ciaffaglione V, Fallica AN, Canale V, Zajdel P, Pignatello R, Intagliata S. Novel mutual prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor (5-FU/HO-1 hybrid): design and preliminary in vitro evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1378-1386. [PMID: 34167427 PMCID: PMC8231349 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1928111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the first mutual prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and heme oxygenase1 inhibitor (5-FU/HO-1 hybrid) has been designed, synthesised, and evaluated for its in vitro chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis stability. Predicted in silico physicochemical properties of the newly synthesised hybrid (3) demonstrated a drug-like profile with suitable Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) properties and low toxic liabilities. Preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation towards human prostate (DU145) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines demonstrated that 3 exerted a similar effect on cell viability to that produced by the reference drug 5-FU. Among the two tested cancer cell lines, the A549 cells were more susceptible for 3. Of note, hybrid 3 also had a significantly lower cytotoxic effect on healthy human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) than 5-FU. Altogether our results served as an initial proof-of-concept to develop 5-FU/HO-1 mutual prodrugs as potential novel anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Consoli
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonino N Fallica
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vittorio Canale
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villa-Pulgarin JA, Salamanca CH, Oñate-Garzón J, Varela-M RE. Antitumor Activity In Vitro Provided by N-Alkyl-Nitroimidazole Compounds. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874104502014010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world, with over 18 million new cases estimated in 2018. Many of the drugs used for cancer can have significant adverse effects and variable effectiveness. Nitroimidazoles are prodrugs that usually have shown antimicrobial activity specifically antiparasitic. However, its antitumor activity in vitro has barely been explored.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the length of the substituted N-alkyl chain in the imidazole ring on the antitumor activity in vitro.
Methods:
Four nitroimidazoles were obtained by chemical synthesis varying the length of the substituted N-alkyl chain from methyl to butyl. The antitumor activity of N-alkyl-nitroimidazoles was evaluated by MTT assay employing two tumor cell lines (MDA-MB231 and A549).
Results:
In this study, it was reported that N-alkyl nitroimidazoles exhibited an LC50 as low as 16.7 µM in breast tumor cells MDA-MB231 while in normal Vero kidney cells, the LC50 was around 30 µM. It was also reported that the length of the substituted N-Alkyl chain in the imidazole ring affects the antitumoral activity in A549 lung cells.
Conclusion:
Increasing the length of the substituted N-Alkyl chain in the imidazole ring decreased the antitumor activity against only A549 cancer cells. N-alkyl nitroimidazoles exhibited considerable selectivity towards tumor cell lines.
Collapse
|
5
|
Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of HO-1 inducers and lung antifibrotic agents. Future Med Chem 2020; 11:1523-1536. [PMID: 31469335 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) analogs were synthesized to obtain inducers of HO-1 and antifibrotic agents. Methods: HO-1 expression levels were measured on lung fibroblasts (MRC5). NMR and docking studies were performed. Heme oxygenase activity, gene levels and protein expression have been measured for the most active compound 1a. Collagen production by fibroblast after exposure to TGF-β was measured. Results: Compound 1a showed to be a strong HO-1 inducer. Its activity seems to be mediated by activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). TGF-β-induced collagen production was significantly decreased on MRC5, pretreated with DMF or 1a. DMF and 1a have a high potential for treatment of lung fibrotic injuries.
Collapse
|
6
|
Heme Oxygenase-2 (HO-2) as a therapeutic target: Activators and inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111703. [PMID: 31550661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are involved in heme catabolism and several physiological functions. Among the different HO isoforms, HO-2 stands out for its neuroprotective properties and modulatory activity in male reproduction. However, unlike the HO-1 ligands, the potential therapeutic applications of HO-2 inhibitors/activators have not been extensively explored yet. Moreover, the physiological role of HO-2 is still unclear, mostly due to the lack of highly selective HO-2 chemical probes. To boost the interest on this intriguing target, the present review updates the knowledge on the structure-activity relationships of HO-2 inhibitors and activators, as well as their potential therapeutic applications. To the best of our knowledge, among HO-2 inhibitors, clemizole derivatives are the most selective HO-2 inhibitors reported so far (IC50 HO-1 >100 μM, IC50 HO-2 = 3.4 μM), while the HO-2 nonselective inhibitors described herein possess IC50 HO-2 values ≤ 10 μM. Furthermore, the development of HO-2 activators, such as menadione analogues, helped to understand the critical moieties required for HO-2 activation. Recent advances in the potential therapeutic applications of HO-2 inhibitors/activators cover the fields of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and reproductive diseases further stimulating the interest towards this target.
Collapse
|
7
|
Targeting heme Oxygenase-1 with hybrid compounds to overcome Imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:937-950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
8
|
Floresta G, Pittalà V, Sorrenti V, Romeo G, Salerno L, Rescifina A. Development of new HO-1 inhibitors by a thorough scaffold-hopping analysis. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:334-339. [PMID: 30189413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
HO-1 inhibition is considered a valuable anticancer approach. In fact, up-regulation of HO-1 had been repeatedly reported in many types of human malignancies, and in these clinical cases, poor outcomes are reported. To identify novel HO-1 inhibitors suitable for drug development, a scaffold-hopping strategy calculation was utilized to design novel derivatives. Different parts of the selected molecule were analyzed and the different series of novel compounds were virtually evaluated. The calculation for the linker moiety of the classical HO-1 inhibitors structure led us to compounds 5 and 6. A synthetic pathway for the two molecules was designed and the compounds were synthesized. The biological activity revealed an HO-1 inhibition of 0.9 and 54 μM for molecules 5 and 6 respectively. This study suggested that our scaffold-hopping approach was successful and these results are ongoing for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Novel Structural Insight into Inhibitors of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by New Imidazole-Based Compounds: Biochemical and In Vitro Anticancer Activity Evaluation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051209. [PMID: 29783634 PMCID: PMC6099553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the design, synthesis, and molecular modeling of a new azole-based HO-1 inhibitors was reported, using compound 1 as a lead compound, in which an imidazole moiety is linked to a hydrophobic group by means of an ethanolic spacer. The tested compounds showed a good inhibitor activity and possessed IC50 values in the micromolar range. These results were obtained by targeting the hydrophobic western region. Molecular modeling studies confirmed a consolidated binding mode in which the nitrogen of the imidazolyl moiety coordinated the heme ferrous iron, meanwhile the hydrophobic groups were located in the western region of HO-1 binding pocket. Moreover, the new compounds were screened for in silico ADME-Tox properties to predict drug-like behavior with convincing results. Finally, the in vitro antitumor activity profile of compound 1 was investigated in different cancer cell lines and nanomicellar formulation was synthesized with the aim of improving compound's 1 water solubility. Finally, compound 1 was tested in melanoma cells in combination with doxorubicin showing interesting synergic activity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Salerno L, Amata E, Romeo G, Marrazzo A, Prezzavento O, Floresta G, Sorrenti V, Barbagallo I, Rescifina A, Pittalà V. Potholing of the hydrophobic heme oxygenase-1 western region for the search of potent and selective imidazole-based inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:54-62. [PMID: 29454190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the design, synthesis, and molecular modeling of new potent and selective imidazole-based HO-1 inhibitors in which the imidazole nucleus and the hydrophobic groups are linked by a phenylethanolic spacer. Most of the tested compounds showed a good inhibitor activity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range, with two of them (1b and 1j) exhibiting also high selectivity toward HO-2. These results were obtained by the idea of potholing the entire volume of the principal hydrophobic western region with an appropriate ligand volume. Molecular modeling studies showed that these molecules bind to the HO-1 in the consolidated fashion where the imidazolyl moiety coordinates the heme iron while the aromatic groups are stabilized by hydrophobic interaction in the western region of the binding pocket. Finally, the synthesized compounds were analyzed for in silico ADME-Tox properties to establish oral drug-like behavior and showed satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hum M, McLaughlin BE, Kong X, Vlahakis JZ, Vukomanovic D, Szarek WA, Nakatsu K. Differential inhibition of rat and mouse microsome heme oxygenase by derivatives of imidazole and benzimidazole. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1454-1461. [PMID: 28793202 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrin heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitors have made an important contribution to elucidating the role of HO in physiological processes. Nevertheless, their off-target effects have drawn substantial criticism, which prompted us to develop non-porphyrin, azole-based inhibitors of HO. These second-generation HO inhibitors were evaluated using spleen and brain microsomes from rats as native sources of HO-1 and HO-2, respectively. Recently, the use of azole-based inhibitors of HO has been extended to other mammalian species and, as a consequence, it will be important to characterize the inhibitors in these species. The goal of this study was to compare the inhibitory profile of imidazole- and benzimidazole-based inhibitors of HO in a breast-cancer-implanted mouse to that of an untreated rat. For spleen and brain microsomes from both species, HO protein expression was determined by Western blotting and concentration-response curves for imidazole- and benzimidazole-derivative inhibition of HO activity were determined using a headspace gas-chromatographic assay. It was found that the effects on HO activity by imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives were different between the 2 species and were not explained by differences in HO expression. Thus, the HO inhibitory profile should be determined for azole derivatives before they are used in mammalian species other than rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Hum
- a Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brian E McLaughlin
- a Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xianqi Kong
- b Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jason Z Vlahakis
- b Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dragic Vukomanovic
- a Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Walter A Szarek
- b Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kanji Nakatsu
- a Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amata E, Marrazzo A, Dichiara M, Modica MN, Salerno L, Prezzavento O, Nastasi G, Rescifina A, Romeo G, Pittalà V. Heme Oxygenase Database (HemeOxDB) and QSAR Analysis of Isoform 1 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1873-1881. [PMID: 28708269 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to increasing interest in the field of heme oxygenases (HOs), we built a ligand database called HemeOxDB that includes the entire set of known HO-1 and HO-2 inhibitors, resulting in more than 400 compounds. The HemeOxDB is available online at http://www.researchdsf.unict.it/hemeoxdb/, and having a robust search engine allows end users to build complex queries, sort tabulated results, and generate color-coded two- and three-dimensional graphs. This database will grow to be a tool for the design of potent and selective HO-1 or HO-2 inhibitors. We were also interested in virtually searching for alternative inhibitors, and, for the first time in the field of HOs, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was built using half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values of the whole set of known HO-1 inhibitors, taken from the HemeOxDB and employing the Monte Carlo technique. The statistical quality suggested that the model is robust and possesses desirable predictive potential. The screening of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, external to our dataset, suggested new predicted inhibitors, opening the way for replacing imidazole groups. The HemeOxDB and the QSAR model reported herein may help in prospectively identifying or repurposing new drugs with optimal structural attributes for HO enzyme inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nastasi
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jez M, Ciesla M, Stepniewski J, Langrzyk A, Muchova L, Vitek L, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. Valproic acid downregulates heme oxygenase-1 independently of Nrf2 by increasing ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:160-166. [PMID: 28189672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; HMOX1 in human, Hmox1 in mice) is an antioxidative enzyme affecting wide range of sub-cellular processes. It was shown to modulate tumor growth or vascular-related diseases, thus being putative molecular target for tailored therapies. Therefore it is of importance to elucidate novel compounds regulating HO-1 activity/expression and to delineate mechanisms of their action. In the present study we aimed to understand mode of action of valproic acid (VA), an antiepileptic drug, on HO-1 expression. RESULTS We demonstrated that HO-1 expression is decreased by VA at protein but not mRNA level in human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line CW9019. Nrf2 transcription factor, the activator of HO-1 expression through ARE sequence, was excluded as a mediator of HO-1 decrease, as VA downregulated Bach1, a Nrf2 repressor, concomitantly upregulating ARE activation. Also miRNA-dependent inhibition was excluded as a mechanism of HMOX1 regulation. However, co-immunoprecipitation assay showed a higher level of ubiquitinated HO-1 after VA treatment. Accordingly, MG132, an inhibitor of proteasomal degradation, reversed the effect of VA on HO-1 suggesting that decrease in HO-1 expression by VA is through protein stability. The inhibitory effect of VA on HO-1 was also observed in murine cells including embryonic fibroblasts isolated from Nrf2-deficient mice, what confirms Nrf2-independent effect of the compound. Importantly, VA decreased also HO-1 expression and activity in murine skeletal muscles in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that VA downregulates HO-1 by acting through ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway leading to decrease in protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Jez
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Ciesla
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Stepniewski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Lucie Muchova
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vitek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10c, Zabrze, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kong X, Vukomanovic D, Nakatsu K, Szarek WA. Structure-Activity Relationships of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles: Selective Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase-2 Activity. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1435-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
15
|
Aliaga-Lavrijsen M, Iglesias M, Cebollada A, Garcés K, Garcı́a N, Sanz Miguel PJ, Fernández-Alvarez FJ, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Oro LA. Hydrolysis and Methanolysis of Silanes Catalyzed by Iridium(III) Bis-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Influence of the Wingtip Groups. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5011726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Aliaga-Lavrijsen
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Iglesias
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Cebollada
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Karin Garcés
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nestor Garcı́a
- Center
for Refining and Petrochemicals and Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pablo J. Sanz Miguel
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fernández-Alvarez
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Center
for Refining and Petrochemicals and Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Röhrig UF, Majjigapu SR, Chambon M, Bron S, Pilotte L, Colau D, Van den Eynde BJ, Turcatti G, Vogel P, Zoete V, Michielin O. Detailed analysis and follow-up studies of a high-throughput screening for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:284-301. [PMID: 25036789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key regulator of immune responses and therefore an important therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases that involve pathological immune escape, such as cancer. Here, we describe a robust and sensitive high-throughput screen (HTS) for IDO1 inhibitors using the Prestwick Chemical Library of 1200 FDA-approved drugs and the Maybridge HitFinder Collection of 14,000 small molecules. Of the 60 hits selected for follow-up studies, 14 displayed IC50 values below 20 μM under the secondary assay conditions, and 4 showed an activity in cellular tests. In view of the high attrition rate we used both experimental and computational techniques to identify and to characterize compounds inhibiting IDO1 through unspecific inhibition mechanisms such as chemical reactivity, redox cycling, or aggregation. One specific IDO1 inhibitor scaffold, the imidazole antifungal agents, was chosen for rational structure-based lead optimization, which led to more soluble and smaller compounds with micromolar activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ute F Röhrig
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Quartier Sorge - Bâtiment Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Somi Reddy Majjigapu
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Quartier Sorge - Bâtiment Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Chambon
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sylvian Bron
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Quartier Sorge - Bâtiment Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luc Pilotte
- de Duve Institute and the Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Didier Colau
- de Duve Institute and the Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Benoît J Van den Eynde
- de Duve Institute and the Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Quartier Sorge - Bâtiment Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Quartier Sorge - Bâtiment Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vlahakis JZ, Vukomanovic D, Nakatsu K, Szarek WA. Selective inhibition of heme oxygenase-2 activity by analogs of 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (clemizole): Exploration of the effects of substituents at the N-1 position. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6788-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Salerno L, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Modica MN, Siracusa MA, Di Giacomo C, Acquaviva R, Barbagallo I, Tibullo D, Sorrenti V. Evaluation of novel aryloxyalkyl derivatives of imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitors and their antitumor properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5145-53. [PMID: 23867390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of aryloxyalkyl derivatives of imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole, 17-31, was designed and synthesized as inhibitors of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2). Some of these compounds were found to be good inhibitors of HO-1, in particular those carrying an imidazole moiety as azolyl group and a 3-bromo or 4-iodophenyl as aryl moiety. The most potent compounds 6 and 30 were selected and studied for their antitumor properties in a model of LAMA-84 R cell line overexpressing HO-1 and resistant to imatinib mesylate (IM), a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of multiple types of cancer, most notably Philadelphia Chromosome positive (Ph(+)) Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). Results show that both 6 and 30 sensitized LAMA-84 R cell line to antitumor properties of IM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Peng XM, Damu GLV, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:340-437. [PMID: 23740514 DOI: 10.1002/med.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rahman MN, Vukomanovic D, Vlahakis JZ, Szarek WA, Nakatsu K, Jia Z. Structural insights into human heme oxygenase-1 inhibition by potent and selective azole-based compounds. J R Soc Interface 2012; 10:20120697. [PMID: 23097500 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitors, especially those that are isozyme-selective, promises powerful pharmacological tools to elucidate the regulatory characteristics of the HO system. It is already known that HO has cytoprotective properties and may play a role in several disease states, making it an enticing therapeutic target. Traditionally, the metalloporphyrins have been used as competitive HO inhibitors owing to their structural similarity with the substrate, heme. However, given heme's important role in several other proteins (e.g. cytochromes P450, nitric oxide synthase), non-selectivity is an unfortunate side-effect. Reports that azalanstat and other non-porphyrin molecules inhibited HO led to a multi-faceted effort to develop novel compounds as potent, selective inhibitors of HO. This resulted in the creation of non-competitive inhibitors with selectivity for HO, including a subset with isozyme selectivity for HO-1. Using X-ray crystallography, the structures of several complexes of HO-1 with novel inhibitors have been elucidated, which provided insightful information regarding the salient features required for inhibitor binding. This included the structural basis for non-competitive inhibition, flexibility and adaptability of the inhibitor binding pocket, and multiple, potential interaction subsites, all of which can be exploited in future drug-design strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona N Rahman
- 1Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and 2Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|