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Li X, Li X, Liu F, Li S, Shi D. Rational Multitargeted Drug Design Strategy from the Perspective of a Medicinal Chemist. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10581-10605. [PMID: 34313432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) has become a widely focused research topic, but rational design remains as an enormous challenge. This paper reviews and discusses the design strategy of incorporating the second activity into an existing single-active ligand. If the binding sites of both targets share similar endogenous substrates, MTDLs can be designed by merging two lead compounds with similar functional groups. If the binding sites are large or adjacent to the solution, two key pharmacophores can be fused directly. If the binding regions are small and deep inside the proteins, the linked-pharmacophore strategy might be the only way. The added pharmacophores of second targets should not affect the binding mode of the original ones. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of the two targets need to be adjusted to achieve an optimal ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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Schoepf AM, Salcher S, Hohn V, Veider F, Obexer P, Gust R. Synthesis and Characterization of Telmisartan-Derived Cell Death Modulators to Circumvent Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1067-1077. [PMID: 32298535 PMCID: PMC7318623 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
New strategies to eradicate cancer stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) include a combination of imatinib with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands. Recently, we identified the partial PPARγ agonist telmisartan as effective sensitizer of resistant K562 CML cells to imatinib treatment. Here, the importance of the heterocyclic core on the cell death-modulating effects of the telmisartan-derived lead 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (3 b) was investigated. Inspired by the pharmacodynamics of HYL-6d and the selective PPARγ ligand VSP-51, the benzimidazole was replaced by a carbazole or an indole core. The results indicate no correlation between PPARγ activation and sensitization of resistant CML cells to imatinib. The 2-COOH derivatives of the carbazoles or indoles achieved low activity at PPARγ, while the benzimidazoles showed 60-100 % activation. Among the 2-CO2 CH3 derivatives, only the ester of the lead (2 b) slightly activated PPARγ. Sensitizing effects were further observed for this non-cytotoxic 2 b (80 % cell death), and to a lesser extent for the lead 3 b or the 5-Br-substituted ester of the benzimidazoles (5 b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Schoepf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy CMBI – Center for Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of Innsbruck, CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Stefan Salcher
- Tyrolean Cancer Research InstituteInnrain 666020InnsbruckAustria
- Department of Internal Medicine VMedical University InnsbruckAnichstraße 356020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Verena Hohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy CMBI – Center for Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of Innsbruck, CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Florina Veider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy CMBI – Center for Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of Innsbruck, CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Petra Obexer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research InstituteInnrain 666020InnsbruckAustria
- Department of Pediatrics IIMedical University InnsbruckInnrain 666020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy CMBI – Center for Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of Innsbruck, CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
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Obermoser V, Mauersberger R, Schuster D, Czifersky M, Lipova M, Siegl M, Kintscher U, Gust R. Importance of 5/6-aryl substitution on the pharmacological profile of 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid derived PPARγ agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:590-603. [PMID: 27918994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this structure-activity relationship study, the influence of aryl substituents at position 5 or 6 on the pharmacological profile of the partial PPARγ agonist 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid was investigated. This lead was previously identified as the essential part of telmisartan to induce PPARγ activation. Para-OCH3-phenyl substitution strongly increased potency and efficacy independent of the position. Both compounds represent full agonists because of strong hydrophobic contacts with the amino acid Phe363 in the ligand binding domain. Partial agonists with higher potency than telmisartan or the lead were obtained with OH or Cl substituents at the phenyl ring. Molecular modeling suggested additional hydrogen or halogen bonds with Phe360 located at helix 7. It is assumed that these interactions fix helix 7, thereby promoting a partial agonist conformation of the receptor. The theoretical considerations correlate very well with the results from the luciferase transactivation assay using hPPARγ-LBD as well as those from a time-resolved fluorescent resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay in which the coactivator (TRAP220, PGC-1α) recruitment and corepressor (NCoR1) release pattern was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Obermoser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Mauersberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Czifersky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marina Lipova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Siegl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Obermoser V, Urban ME, Murgueitio MS, Wolber G, Kintscher U, Gust R. New telmisartan-derived PPARγ agonists: Impact of the 3D-binding mode on the pharmacological profile. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:138-152. [PMID: 27569195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, the 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid was identified as pharmacophoric core for PPARγ activation. In this structure-activity relationship study the C2-alkyl chain was elongated and the 2-COOH group was changed to a carbamide/carbonitrile or shifted to the 3- or 4-position. Furthermore, the benzo[d]imidazole was exchanged by 2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole or 1H-indole. C2-propyl derivatives showed the profile of partial agonists, while elongation of the C2-chain to that of an n-heptyl group or a 4-COOH shift changed the pharmacological profile to that of a potent full agonist. This finding can be explained by binding to the LBD in different ligand conformations. Two anchoring points (Tyr473 and Arg288) exist in the LBD, which have to be contacted to achieve receptor activation. In a crystal violet chemosensitivity assay using COS-7 cells and LNCaP cells expressing PPARγ only the carbamide derivatives influenced the cell growth, independently on the presence of the PPARγ. Therefore, receptor mediated cytotoxicity can be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Obermoser
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margarethe E Urban
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela S Murgueitio
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Gust
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Asteian A, Blayo AL, He Y, Koenig M, Shin Y, Kuruvilla DS, Corzo CA, Cameron MD, Lin L, Ruiz C, Khan S, Kumar N, Busby S, Marciano DP, Garcia-Ordonez RD, Griffin PR, Kamenecka TM. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Indole Biphenylcarboxylic Acids as PPARγ Antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:998-1003. [PMID: 26396687 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The thiazolidinediones (TZD) typified by rosiglitazone are the only approved therapeutics targeting PPARγ for the treatment of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). Unfortunately, despite robust insulin sensitizing properties, they are accompanied by a number of severe side effects including congestive heart failure, edema, weight gain, and osteoporosis. We recently identified PPARγ antagonists that bind reversibly with high affinity but do not induce transactivation of the receptor, yet they act as insulin sensitizers in mouse models of diabetes (SR1664).1 This Letter details our synthetic exploration around this novel series of PPARγ antagonists based on an N-biphenylmethylindole scaffold. Structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of compound 46 as a high affinity PPARγ antagonist that exhibits antidiabetic properties following oral administration in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Asteian
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Anne-Laure Blayo
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yuanjun He
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Marcel Koenig
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Youseung Shin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dana S. Kuruvilla
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Claudia Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Susan Khan
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Scott Busby
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - David P. Marciano
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ruben D. Garcia-Ordonez
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Patrick R. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Lamotte Y, Faucher N, Sançon J, Pineau O, Sautet S, Fouchet MH, Beneton V, Tousaint JJ, Saintillan Y, Ancellin N, Nicodeme E, Grillot D, Martres P. Discovery of novel indazole derivatives as dual angiotensin II antagonists and partial PPARγ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1098-103. [PMID: 24462665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification of indazole derivatives acting as dual angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists and partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists is described. Starting from Telmisartan, we previously described that indole derivatives were very potent partial PPARγ agonists with loss of AT1 receptor antagonist activity. Design, synthesis and evaluation of new central scaffolds led us to the discovery of pyrrazolopyridine then indazole derivatives provided novel series possessing the desired dual activity. Among the new compounds, 38 was identified as a potent AT1 receptor antagonist (IC50=0.006 μM) and partial PPARγ agonist (EC50=0.25 μM, 40% max) with good oral bioavailability in rat. The dual pharmacology of compound 38 was demonstrated in two preclinical models of hypertension (SHR) and insulin resistance (Zucker fa/fa rat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Lamotte
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Nicolas Faucher
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Sançon
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Pineau
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Sautet
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Fouchet
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Beneton
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Tousaint
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yannick Saintillan
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Ancellin
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Edwige Nicodeme
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Grillot
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paul Martres
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
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