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Strang BL. Toward inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication with compounds targeting cellular proteins. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36215160 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral therapy for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) currently relies upon direct-acting antiviral drugs. However, it is now well known that these drugs have shortcomings, which limit their use. Here I review the identification and investigation of compounds targeting cellular proteins that have anti-HCMV activity and could supersede those anti-HCMV drugs currently in use. This includes discussion of drug repurposing, for example the use of artemisinin compounds, and discussion of new directions to identify compounds that target cellular factors in HCMV-infected cells, for example screening of kinase inhibitors. In addition, I highlight developing areas such as the use of machine learning and emphasize how interaction with fields outside virology will be critical for development of anti-HCMV compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair L Strang
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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2
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Batalha PN, da S M Forezi L, Tolentino NMDC, Sagrillo FS, de Oliveira VG, de Souza MCBV, da C S Boechat F. 4-Oxoquinoline Derivatives as Antivirals: A Ten Years Overview. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:244-255. [PMID: 31995008 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200129100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
4-Oxoquinoline derivatives constitute an important family of biologically important substances, associated with different bioactivities, which can be synthesized by different synthetic methods, allowing the design and preparation of libraries of substances with specific structural variations capable of modulating their pharmacological action. Over the last years, these substances have been extensively explored by the scientific community in efforts to develop new biologically active agents, with greater efficiency for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Viral infections have been one of the targets of these studies, although to a lesser extent than other diseases such as cancer and bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the literature provides examples that corroborate with the fact that these substances may act on different pharmacological targets in different viral pathogens. This review provides a compilation of some of the major studies published in recent years showing the discovery and/or development of new antiviral oxoquinoline agents, highlighting, whenever possible, their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro N Batalha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Outeiro de Sao Joao Baptista, 24020-141 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana da S M Forezi
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Outeiro de Sao Joao Baptista, 24020-141 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalia M de C Tolentino
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Outeiro de Sao Joao Baptista, 24020-141 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Sagrillo
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Outeiro de Sao Joao Baptista, 24020-141 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa G de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Outeiro de Sao Joao Baptista, 24020-141 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília B V de Souza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Outeiro de Sao Joao Baptista, 24020-141 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da C S Boechat
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Outeiro de Sao Joao Baptista, 24020-141 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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3
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Adamson CS, Nevels MM. Bright and Early: Inhibiting Human Cytomegalovirus by Targeting Major Immediate-Early Gene Expression or Protein Function. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010110. [PMID: 31963209 PMCID: PMC7019229 DOI: 10.3390/v12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), one of eight human herpesviruses, establishes lifelong latent infections in most people worldwide. Primary or reactivated HCMV infections cause severe disease in immunosuppressed patients and congenital defects in children. There is no vaccine for HCMV, and the currently approved antivirals come with major limitations. Most approved HCMV antivirals target late molecular processes in the viral replication cycle including DNA replication and packaging. “Bright and early” events in HCMV infection have not been exploited for systemic prevention or treatment of disease. Initiation of HCMV replication depends on transcription from the viral major immediate-early (IE) gene. Alternative transcripts produced from this gene give rise to the IE1 and IE2 families of viral proteins, which localize to the host cell nucleus. The IE1 and IE2 proteins are believed to control all subsequent early and late events in HCMV replication, including reactivation from latency, in part by antagonizing intrinsic and innate immune responses. Here we provide an update on the regulation of major IE gene expression and the functions of IE1 and IE2 proteins. We will relate this insight to experimental approaches that target IE gene expression or protein function via molecular gene silencing and editing or small chemical inhibitors.
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4
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Wang R, Xu K, Shi W. Quinolone derivatives: Potential anti‐HIV agent—development and application. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900045. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wang
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiong Shi
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian People's Republic of China
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5
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Andronova VL. [Modern ethiotropic chemotherapy of human cytomegalovirus infection: clinical effectiveness, molecular mechanism of action, drug resistance, new trends and prospects. Part 2.]. Vopr Virusol 2019; 63:250-260. [PMID: 30641020 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-6-250-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of synthetic compounds, such as the nucleoside analog ganciclovir, its L-valine ester (a metabolic precursor of ganciclovir) and pyrophosphate analog foscarnet, are permitted for the treatment of HCMVrelated diseases in the WHO European Region. The viral DNA- polymerase is used by all these drugs as a biotarget. However, the usage of standard anti-CMV therapy is accompanied by severe side effects, as well as the development of drug resistance in the virus, mainly in conditions of immunodefciency. In this review, we focused on viral proteins of interest as new potential targets and their inhibitors, such as the inhibitor of human CMV terminology, lethermovir, which showed great activity in the third phase of clinical trials, inhibitors of viral cyclin-dependent kinase (maribavir, cyclopropavir) and a number of compounds exhibiting anti-HCMV-activity, undergoing only preclinical trials in the experiment. Inclusion of new anti-CMV agents that are active against GСV/PFA/CDV-resistant strains of CMV into standard prophylactic and therapeutic regimens, will allow to increase the effectiveness of anti-CMV therapy, including in cases when standard therapy is ineffective. Areas covered: the international databases such as A MEDLINE, PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, ClinicalTrials.gov., etc. with the purpose of obtaining information on compounds showing selective action against the human cytomegalovirus, the most promising for the development of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Andronova
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation
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6
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Dembélé O, Montoir D, Yvorra T, Sérillon D, Tonnerre A, Duflos M, Robert JM, Bazin MA. Novel approach towards 3,7-disubstituted 1,6-naphthyridin-4(1H)-ones exploiting cross-coupling and SNAr reactions of a dihalogenated compound. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mercorelli B, Luganini A, Celegato M, Palù G, Gribaudo G, Loregian A. Repurposing the clinically approved calcium antagonist manidipine dihydrochloride as a new early inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus targeting the Immediate-Early 2 (IE2) protein. Antiviral Res 2018; 150:130-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Beelontally R, Wilkie GS, Lau B, Goodmaker CJ, Ho CMK, Swanson CM, Deng X, Wang J, Gray NS, Davison AJ, Strang BL. Identification of compounds with anti-human cytomegalovirus activity that inhibit production of IE2 proteins. Antiviral Res 2016; 138:61-67. [PMID: 27956134 PMCID: PMC5244968 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using a high throughput screening methodology we surveyed a collection of largely uncharacterized validated or suspected kinase inhibitors for anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity. From this screen we identified three structurally related 5-aminopyrazine compounds (XMD7-1, -2 and -27) that inhibited HCMV replication in virus yield reduction assays at low micromolar concentrations. Kinase selectivity assays indicated that each compound was a kinase inhibitor capable of inhibiting a range of cellular protein kinases. Western blotting and RNA sequencing demonstrated that treatment of infected cells with XMD7 compounds resulted in a defect in the production of the major HCMV transcriptional transactivator IE2 proteins (IE2-86, IE2-60 and IE2-40) and an overall reduction in transcription from the viral genome. However, production of certain viral proteins was not compromised by treatment with XMD7 compounds. Thus, these novel anti-HCMV compounds likely inhibited transcription from the viral genome and suppressed production of a subset of viral proteins by inhibiting IE2 protein production. High throughput screening identified novel kinase inhibitors that inhibit HCMV protein production. 5-aminopyrazine compounds (XMD7-1, -2 and -27) have anti-HCMV activity. XMD7 compounds inhibited production of HCMV IE2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooksarr Beelontally
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Gavin S Wilkie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Betty Lau
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charles J Goodmaker
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Catherine M K Ho
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Chad M Swanson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xianming Deng
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Blair L Strang
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Franci G, Manfroni G, Cannalire R, Felicetti T, Tabarrini O, Salvato A, Barreca ML, Altucci L, Cecchetti V. Tumour cell population growth inhibition and cell death induction of functionalized 6-aminoquinolone derivatives. Cell Prolif 2016; 48:705-17. [PMID: 26597381 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A number of previous studies has provided evidence that the well-known anti-bacterial quinolones may have potential as anti-cancer drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential anti-tumour activity and selectivity of a set of 6-aminoquinolones showing some chemical similarity to naphthyridone derivative CX-5461, recently described as innovative anti-cancer agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-house quinolones 1-8 and ad hoc synthesized derivatives 9-13 were tested on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells and mesenchymal progenitor (MePR2B) cell lines, analysing their effects on the cell cycle and cell death using FACS methodology. Activation of p53 was evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS Benzyl esters 4, 5 and their amide counterparts 12, 13 drastically modulated MCF-7 cell cycles inducing DNA fragmentation and cell death, thus proving to be potential anti-tumour compounds. When assayed in non-tumour MePR2B cells, compounds 4 and 5 were cytotoxic while 12 and 13 had a certain degree of selectivity, with compound 12 emerging as the most promising. Western blot analysis revealed that severe p53-K382ac activation was promoted by benzylester 5. In contrast, amide 12 exerted only a moderate effect which was, however, comparable to that of suberoylanilide hydoxamic acid (SAHA). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results further reinforce evidence that quinolones have potential as anti-cancer agents. Future work will be focused on understanding compound 12 mechanisms of action, and to obtain more potent and selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Franci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - G Manfroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Cannalire
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - T Felicetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - O Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Salvato
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - M L Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Altucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138, Napoli, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica, IGB, 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso' Via P. Castellino, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - V Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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10
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Mercorelli B, Luganini A, Nannetti G, Tabarrini O, Palù G, Gribaudo G, Loregian A. Drug Repurposing Approach Identifies Inhibitors of the Prototypic Viral Transcription Factor IE2 that Block Human Cytomegalovirus Replication. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:340-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Hedidi M, Erb W, Lassagne F, Halauko YS, Ivashkevich OA, Matulis VE, Roisnel T, Bentabed-Ababsa G, Mongin F. Functionalization of pyridyl ketones using deprotolithiation-in situ zincation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11370b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallation of aryl ketones was achieved by using LiTMP in the presence of ZnCl2·TMEDA, as evidenced by subsequent interception with iodine or by palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madani Hedidi
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226
- Université de Rennes 1-CNRS
- 35042 Rennes
| | - William Erb
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226
- Université de Rennes 1-CNRS
- 35042 Rennes
| | - Frédéric Lassagne
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226
- Université de Rennes 1-CNRS
- 35042 Rennes
| | - Yury S. Halauko
- UNESCO Chair of Belarusian State University
- Minsk 220030
- Belarus
| | | | - Vadim E. Matulis
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Problems of Belarusian State University
- Minsk 220030
- Belarus
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Centre de Diffractométrie X
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226
- Université de Rennes 1-CNRS
- 35042 Rennes
| | - Ghenia Bentabed-Ababsa
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella
- 31000 Oran
- Algeria
| | - Florence Mongin
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226
- Université de Rennes 1-CNRS
- 35042 Rennes
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12
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Dar'in DV, Lobanov PS. Push-pull enamines in the synthesis of fused azaheterocycles. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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The 6-Aminoquinolone WC5 inhibits different functions of the immediate-early 2 (IE2) protein of human cytomegalovirus that are essential for viral replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6615-26. [PMID: 25155603 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03309-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early 2 (IE2) protein is a multifunctional factor essential for viral replication. IE2 modulates both viral and host gene expression, deregulates cell cycle progression, acts as an immunomodulator, and antagonizes cellular antiviral responses. Based on these facts, IE2 has been proposed as an important target for the development of innovative antiviral approaches. We previously identified the 6-aminoquinolone WC5 as a promising inhibitor of HCMV replication, and here, we report the dissection of its mechanism of action against the viral IE2 protein. Using glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assays, mutagenesis, cell-based assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that WC5 does not interfere with IE2 dimerization, its interaction with TATA-binding protein (TBP), and the expression of a set of cellular genes that are stimulated by IE2. On the contrary, WC5 targets the regulatory activity exerted by IE2 on different responsive viral promoters. Indeed, WC5 blocked the IE2-dependent negative regulation of the major immediate-early promoter by preventing IE2 binding to the crs element. Moreover, WC5 reduced the IE2-dependent transactivation of a series of indicator constructs driven by different portions of the early UL54 gene promoter, and it also inhibited the transactivation of the murine CMV early E1 promoter by the IE3 protein, the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) IE2 homolog. In conclusion, our results indicate that the overall anti-HCMV activity of WC5 depends on its ability to specifically interfere with the IE2-dependent regulation of viral promoters. Importantly, our results suggest that this mechanism is conserved in murine CMV, thus paving the way for further preclinical evaluation in an animal model.
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14
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Donalisio M, Massari S, Argenziano M, Manfroni G, Cagno V, Civra A, Sabatini S, Cecchetti V, Loregian A, Cavalli R, Lembo D, Tabarrini O. Ethyl 1,8-Naphthyridone-3-carboxylates Downregulate Human Papillomavirus-16 E6 and E7 Oncogene Expression. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5649-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500340h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department
of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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15
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Manfroni G, Cannalire R, Barreca ML, Kaushik-Basu N, Leyssen P, Winquist J, Iraci N, Manvar D, Paeshuyse J, Guhamazumder R, Basu A, Sabatini S, Tabarrini O, Danielson UH, Neyts J, Cecchetti V. The versatile nature of the 6-aminoquinolone scaffold: identification of submicromolar hepatitis C virus NS5B inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 57:1952-63. [PMID: 24131104 DOI: 10.1021/jm401362f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the 6-aminoquinolone chemotype is a privileged scaffold to obtain antibacterial and antiviral agents. Herein we describe the design, synthesis, and enzymatic and cellular characterization of new 6-aminoquinolone derivatives as potent inhibitors of NS5B polymerase, an attractive and viable therapeutic target to develop safe anti-HCV agents. The 6-amino-7-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]quinolone derivative 8 proved to be the best compound of this series, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.069 μM against NS5B polymerase and selective antiviral effect (EC50 = 3.03 μM) coupled with the absence of any cytostatic effect (CC50 > 163 μM; SI > 54) in Huh 9-13 cells carrying a HCV genotype 1b, as measured by MTS assay. These results indicate that the 6-aminoquinolone scaffold is worthy of further investigation in the context of NS5B-targeted HCV drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manfroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia , Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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