1
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Thonhofer M, Culum A, Dorn T, Fischer R, Prasch H, Stütz AE, Weber P, Wrodnigg TM. A concise synthetic approach for isoiminosugars. Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109239. [PMID: 39142016 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Isoiminosugars are highly biological active substances. Herein, we report a concise synthetic approach for this class of compounds. The key step relies on a stereospecific 1,2-hydride shift in O-2 tosylated glycopyranosides leading to C-2 branched glycofuranosides. This approach enables a 4-step synthesis of powerful β-galactosidase inhibitor 4-epi-isofagomine starting from a simple d-glucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thonhofer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - André Culum
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Dorn
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Fischer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Herwig Prasch
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Arnold E Stütz
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Weber
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
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2
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Hever E, Santhanam V, Alberi S, Dhara A, Bols M, Nasheuer HP, Murphy PV. Synthesis of C-glycoside analogues of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and 1-β-D-galactopyranosyl-2-methylpropane. Conformational analysis and evaluation as inhibitors of the lac repressor in E. coli and as galactosidase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7460-7477. [PMID: 39189157 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Isopropyl 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG, 1) is used widely as an inducer of protein expression in E. coli and 1-β-D-galactopyranosyl-2-methylpropane (2), a C-glycoside analogue of 1, has also been identified as an inducer. Here, synthesis and study of mimetics of 1 and 2, 1-β-D-galactopyranosyl-2-methylpropan-1-ols and two cyclic acetals derivatives, that constrain the presentation of the iPr group in various geometries is described. Conformational analysis of C-glycosides in protic solvent is performed using (i) Desmond metadynamics simulations (OPLS4) and (ii) use of 3JHH values obtained by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. 1-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-2-methylpropane (2) is an effective protein expression inducer when compared to the new mimetics, which were less effective or did not induce expression. 1-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-2-methylpropane (2) led to significantly reduced proteolysis during protein expression, compared to IPTG suggesting that recombinant protein purification will be easier to achieve with 2, yielding proteins with higher quality and activity. IPTG reduced bacterial growth to a greater degree than 2 compared to the control. IPTG's isopropyl group was observed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to be flexible in the binding pocket, deviating from its crystal structure binding mode, without impacting other interactions. The MD simulations predicted that 1-β-D-galactopyranosyl-2-methylpropane (2) was more likely than IPTG to bind the repressor with a conformation favoured in protic solvent, while maintaining interactions observed for IPTG. MD simulations predicted that isobutanol derivatives may disrupt interactions associated with IPTG's binding mode. The compounds were also evaluated as inhibitors of galactosidases, with 2 being the more potent inhibitor of the E. coli β-galactosidase. The constrained cyclic acetals showed similar inhibition constants to IPTG indicating E. coli β-galactosidase can recognize galactopyranoses with varying presentation of the iPr group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Hever
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland, H91TK33.
| | - Venkatesan Santhanam
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland, H91TK33.
| | - Sherivan Alberi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland, H91TK33.
| | - Ashis Dhara
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland, H91TK33.
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, Københavns Universitet, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Heinz-Peter Nasheuer
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland, H91TK33.
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland, H91TK33.
- SSPC - the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland, H91TK33
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3
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Ketata I, Ellouz E. From pathological mechanisms in Krabbe disease to cutting-edge therapy: A comprehensive review. Neuropathology 2024; 44:255-277. [PMID: 38444347 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Since its initial documentation by Knud Krabbe in 1916, numerous studies have scrutinized the characteristics of Krabbe disease (KD) until the identification of the mutation in the GALC gene. In alignment with that, we investigated the natural history of KD spanning eight decades to gain a deeper understanding of the evolutionary trajectory of its mechanisms. Through our comprehensive analysis, we unearthed additional novel elements in molecular biology involving the micropathological mechanism of the disease. This review offers an updated perspective on the metabolic disorder that defines KD. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), autophagy impairment, and α-synuclein have emerged as pivotal players in the neuropathological processes. EVs might serve as a cellular mechanism to avoid or alleviate the detrimental impacts of excessive toxic psychosine levels, and extracting EVs could contribute to synapse dysfunction. Autophagy impairment was found to be independent of psychosine and reliant on AKT and B-cell lymphoma 2. Additionally, α-synuclein has been recognized for inducing cellular death and dysfunction in common biological pathways. Our objective is to assess the effectiveness of advanced therapies in addressing this particular condition. While hematopoietic stem cells have been a primary treatment, its administration proves challenging, particularly in the presymptomatic phase. In this review, we have compiled information from over 10 therapy trials, comparing them based on their benefits and disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ketata
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
- Sfax University, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Ellouz
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
- Sfax University, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia
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4
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Solvent-controlled synthesis of bulky and polar-bulky galactonoamidines. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Ashmus RA, Wang Y, González-Cuesta M, King DT, Tiet B, Gilormini PA, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C, Britton R, Vocadlo DJ. Rational design of cell active C2-modified DGJ analogues for the inhibition of human α-galactosidase A (GALA). Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8057-8062. [PMID: 34494637 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the rational design and synthesis of C2-modified DGJ analogues to improve the selective inhibition of human GALA over other glycosidases. We prepare these analogues using a concise route from non-carbohydrate materials and demonstrate the most selective inhibitor 7c (∼100-fold) can act in Fabry patient cells to drive reductions in levels of the disease-relevant glycolipid Gb3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Ashmus
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Manuel González-Cuesta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Dustin T King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ben Tiet
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Bin HY, Cheng L, Wu X, Zhu CL, Yang XH, Xie JH, Zhou QL. Asymmetric hydrogenation of exocyclic γ,δ-unsaturated β-ketoesters to functionalized chiral allylic alcohols via dynamic kinetic resolution. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7793-7799. [PMID: 34168833 PMCID: PMC8188505 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An iridium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of racemic exocyclic γ,δ-unsaturated β-ketoesters via dynamic kinetic resolution to functionalized chiral allylic alcohols was developed. With the chiral spiro iridium catalysts Ir-SpiroPAP, a series of racemic exocyclic γ,δ-unsaturated β-ketoesters bearing a five-, six-, or seven-membered ring were hydrogenated to the corresponding functionalized chiral allylic alcohols in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (87 to >99% ee) and cis-selectivities (93 : 7 to >99 : 1). The origin of the excellent stereoselectivity was also rationalized by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, this protocol could be performed on gram scale and at a lower catalyst loading (0.002 mol%) without the loss of reactivity and enantioselectivity, and has been successfully applied in the enantioselective synthesis of chiral carbocyclic δ-amino esters and the β-galactosidase inhibitor isogalactofagomine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yu Bin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chang-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jian-Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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7
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Synthesis of " All-Cis" Trihydroxypiperidines from a Carbohydrate-Derived Ketone: Hints for the Design of New β-Gal and GCase Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194526. [PMID: 33023214 PMCID: PMC7582770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are small compounds able to rescue the activity of mutated lysosomal enzymes when used at subinhibitory concentrations. Nitrogen-containing glycomimetics such as aza- or iminosugars are known to behave as PCs for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). As part of our research into lysosomal sphingolipidoses inhibitors and looking in particular for new β-galactosidase inhibitors, we report the synthesis of a series of alkylated azasugars with a relative “all-cis” configuration at the hydroxy/amine-substituted stereocenters. The novel compounds were synthesized from a common carbohydrate-derived piperidinone intermediate 8, through reductive amination or alkylation of the derived alcohol. In addition, the reaction of ketone 8 with several lithium acetylides allowed the stereoselective synthesis of new azasugars alkylated at C-3. The activity of the new compounds towards lysosomal β-galactosidase was negligible, showing that the presence of an alkyl chain in this position is detrimental to inhibitory activity. Interestingly, 9, 10, and 12 behave as good inhibitors of lysosomal β-glucosidase (GCase) (IC50 = 12, 6.4, and 60 µM, respectively). When tested on cell lines bearing the Gaucher mutation, they did not impart any enzyme rescue. However, altogether, the data included in this work give interesting hints for the design of novel inhibitors.
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8
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Wang B, Bogh SA, Poulsen JCN, Laursen BW, Bols M. Synthesis of Isofagomine Derivatives as New Fluorescence pH Indicators/Glycosidase Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | | | - Bo W. Laursen
- Department of chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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9
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Martínez-Bailén M, Carmona AT, Cardona F, Matassini C, Goti A, Kubo M, Kato A, Robina I, Moreno-Vargas AJ. Synthesis of multimeric pyrrolidine iminosugar inhibitors of human β-glucocerebrosidase and α-galactosidase A: First example of a multivalent enzyme activity enhancer for Fabry disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112173. [PMID: 32146376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a chemical library of multimeric pyrrolidine-based iminosugars by incorporation of three pairs of epimeric pyrrolidine-azides into different alkyne scaffolds via CuAAC is presented. The new multimers were evaluated as inhibitors of two important therapeutic enzymes, human α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) and lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Structure-activity relationships were established focusing on the iminosugar inhitope, the valency of the dendron and the linker between the inhitope and the central scaffold. Remarkable is the result obtained in the inhibition of α-Gal A, where one of the nonavalent compounds showed potent inhibition (0.20 μM, competitive inhibition), being a 375-fold more potent inhibitor than the monovalent reference. The potential of the best α-Gal A inhibitors to act as pharmacological chaperones was analyzed by evaluating their ability to increase the activity of this enzyme in R301G fibroblasts from patients with Fabry disease, a genetic disorder related with a reduced activity of α-Gal A. The best enzyme activity enhancement was obtained for the same nonavalent compound, which increased 5.2-fold the activity of the misfolded enzyme at 2.5 μM, what constitutes the first example of a multivalent α-Gal A activity enhancer of potential interest in the treatment of Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Martínez-Bailén
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana T Carmona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di Ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (CINMPIS), 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di Ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (CINMPIS), 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Moemi Kubo
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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10
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Front S, Almeida S, Zoete V, Charollais-Thoenig J, Gallienne E, Marmy C, Pilloud V, Marti R, Wood T, Martin OR, Demotz S. 4-epi-Isofagomine derivatives as pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of lysosomal diseases linked to β-galactosidase mutations: Improved synthesis and biological investigations. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5462-5469. [PMID: 30270003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
(5aR)-5a-C-pentyl-4-epi-isofagomine 1 is a powerful inhibitor of lysosomal β-galactosidase and a remarkable chaperone for mutations associated with GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio disease type B. We report herein an improved synthesis of this compound and analogs (5a-C-methyl, pentyl, nonyl and phenylethyl derivatives), and a crystal structure of a synthetic intermediate that confirms its configuration resulting from the addition of a Grignard reagent. These compounds were evaluated as glycosidase inhibitors and their potential as chaperones for mutant lysosomal galactosidases determined. Based on these results and on docking studies, the 5-C-pentyl derivative 1 was selected as the optimal structure for further investigations: this compound induces the maturation of mutated β-galactosidase in fibroblasts of a GM1-gangliosidosis patient and promote the decrease of keratan sulfate and oligosaccharide load in patient cells. Compound 1 is clearly capable of restoring β-galactosidase activity and of promoting maturation of the protein, which should result in significant clinical benefit. These properties strongly support the development of compound 1 for the treatment of GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio disease type B patients harboring β-galactosidase mutations sensitive to pharmacological chaperoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Front
- Université d'Orléans & CNRS, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR 7311, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Sofia Almeida
- Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture Fribourg, Bd de Pérolles 80, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- SIB (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics), Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Estelle Gallienne
- Université d'Orléans & CNRS, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR 7311, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Céline Marmy
- Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture Fribourg, Bd de Pérolles 80, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Pilloud
- Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture Fribourg, Bd de Pérolles 80, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roger Marti
- Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture Fribourg, Bd de Pérolles 80, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tim Wood
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Olivier R Martin
- Université d'Orléans & CNRS, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR 7311, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans, France.
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11
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Spratley SJ, Deane JE. New therapeutic approaches for Krabbe disease: The potential of pharmacological chaperones. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1203-19. [PMID: 27638604 PMCID: PMC5031207 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Missense mutations in the lysosomal hydrolase β‐galactocerebrosidase (GALC) account for at least 40% of known cases of Krabbe disease (KD). Most of these missense mutations are predicted to disrupt the fold of the enzyme, preventing GALC in sufficient amounts from reaching its site of action in the lysosome. The predominant central nervous system (CNS) pathology and the absence of accumulated primary substrate within the lysosome mean that strategies used to treat other lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are insufficient in KD, highlighting the still unmet clinical requirement for successful KD therapeutics. Pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT) is one strategy being explored to overcome defects in GALC caused by missense mutations. In recent studies, several small‐molecule inhibitors have been identified as promising chaperone candidates for GALC. This Review discusses new insights gained from these studies and highlights the importance of characterizing both the chaperone interaction and the underlying mutation to define properly a responsive population and to improve the translation of existing lead molecules into successful KD therapeutics. We also highlight the importance of using multiple complementary methods to monitor PCT effectiveness. Finally, we explore the exciting potential of using combination therapy to ameliorate disease through the use of PCT with existing therapies or with more generalized therapeutics, such as proteasomal inhibition, that have been shown to have synergistic effects in other LSDs. This, alongside advances in CNS delivery of recombinant enzyme and targeted rational drug design, provides a promising outlook for the development of KD therapeutics. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Spratley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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12
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Graziano ACE, Pannuzzo G, Avola R, Cardile V. Chaperones as potential therapeutics for Krabbe disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1220-30. [PMID: 27638605 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Krabbe's disease (KD) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorder. It is classified among the lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). It was first described in , but the genetic defect for the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene was not discovered until the beginning of the 1970s, 20 years before the GALC cloning. Recently, in 2011, the crystal structures of the GALC enzyme and the GALC-product complex were obtained. For this, compared with other LSDs, the research on possible therapeutic interventions is much more recent. Thus, it is not surprising that some treatment options are still under preclinical investigation, whereas their relevance for other pathologies of the same group has already been tested in clinical studies. This is specifically the case for pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT), a promising strategy for selectively correcting defective protein folding and trafficking and for enhancing enzyme activity by small molecules. These compounds bind directly to a partially folded biosynthetic intermediate, stabilize the protein, and allow completion of the folding process to yield a functional protein. Here, we review the chaperones that have demonstrated potential therapeutics during preclinical studies for KD, underscoring the requirement to invigorate research for KD-addressed PCT that will benefit from recent insights into the molecular understanding of GALC structure, drug design, and development in cellular models. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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13
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Marques ARA, Willems LI, Herrera Moro D, Florea BI, Scheij S, Ottenhoff R, van Roomen CPAA, Verhoek M, Nelson JK, Kallemeijn WW, Biela-Banas A, Martin OR, Cachón-González MB, Kim NN, Cox TM, Boot RG, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG. A Specific Activity-Based Probe to Monitor Family GH59 Galactosylceramidase, the Enzyme Deficient in Krabbe Disease. Chembiochem 2017; 18:402-412. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André R. A. Marques
- Department of Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 15 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Present address: Institute of Biochemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 9 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Lianne I. Willems
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis; Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteeinweg 55 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive Burnaby V5A 1S6 BC Canada
| | - Daniela Herrera Moro
- Department of Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 15 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bogdan I. Florea
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis; Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteeinweg 55 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Scheij
- Department of Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 15 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 15 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Cindy P. A. A. van Roomen
- Department of Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 15 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marri Verhoek
- Department of Biochemistry; Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jessica K. Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 15 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W. Kallemeijn
- Department of Biochemistry; Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Anna Biela-Banas
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry; Université D'Orléans; Rue de Chartres B. P. 6759 45100 Orléans France
| | - Olivier R. Martin
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry; Université D'Orléans; Rue de Chartres B. P. 6759 45100 Orléans France
| | - M. Begoña Cachón-González
- Department of Medicine; University of Cambridge; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Hills Road Cambridge CB2 2QQ UK
| | - Nee Na Kim
- Department of Medicine; University of Cambridge; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Hills Road Cambridge CB2 2QQ UK
| | - Timothy M. Cox
- Department of Medicine; University of Cambridge; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Hills Road Cambridge CB2 2QQ UK
| | - Rolf G. Boot
- Department of Biochemistry; Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis; Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteeinweg 55 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 15 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry; Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
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14
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Stütz AE, Wrodnigg TM. Carbohydrate-Processing Enzymes of the Lysosome: Diseases Caused by Misfolded Mutants and Sugar Mimetics as Correcting Pharmacological Chaperones. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2016; 73:225-302. [PMID: 27816107 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are hereditary disorders caused by mutations on genes encoding for one of the more than fifty lysosomal enzymes involved in the highly ordered degradation cascades of glycans, glycoconjugates, and other complex biomolecules in the lysosome. Several of these metabolic disorders are associated with the absence or the lack of activity of carbohydrate-processing enzymes in this cell compartment. In a recently introduced therapy concept, for susceptible mutants, small substrate-related molecules (so-called pharmacological chaperones), such as reversible inhibitors of these enzymes, may serve as templates for the correct folding and transport of the respective protein mutant, thus improving its concentration and, consequently, its enzymatic activity in the lysosome. Carbohydrate-processing enzymes in the lysosome, related lysosomal diseases, and the scope and limitations of reported reversible inhibitors as pharmacological chaperones are discussed with a view to possibly extending and improving research efforts in this area of orphan diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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15
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Viuff AH, Jensen HH. Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkylated analogues of aza-galacto-fagomine - potential pharmacological chaperones for Krabbe disease. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8545-56. [PMID: 27545315 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Seven novel alkylated or acylated analogues of hexahydropyridazine aza-galacto-fagomine (AGF) was prepared and studied as glycosidase inhibitors with the aim of increasing inhibitory potency and selectivity. The enzyme galactocerebrosidase, implicated in Krabbe disease, was found to be potently inhibited by n-butyl N2-alkylated AGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete H Viuff
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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16
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Navo CD, Corzana F, Sánchez-Fernández EM, Busto JH, Avenoza A, Zurbano MM, Nanba E, Higaki K, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM, Peregrina JM. Conformationally-locked C-glycosides: tuning aglycone interactions for optimal chaperone behaviour in Gaucher fibroblasts. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1473-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of conformationally locked C-glycosides based on the 3-aminopyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-2(1H)-one (APP) scaffold has been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Navo
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - F. Corzana
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | | | - J. H. Busto
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - A. Avenoza
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - M. M. Zurbano
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - E. Nanba
- Division of Functional Genomics
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology
- Tottori University
- Yonago 683-8503
- Japan
| | - K. Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology
- Tottori University
- Yonago 683-8503
- Japan
| | - C. Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - J. M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - J. M. Peregrina
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
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17
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Front S, Gallienne E, Charollais-Thoenig J, Demotz S, Martin OR. N-Alkyl-, 1-C-Alkyl-, and 5-C-Alkyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-(l)-ribitols as Galactosidase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:133-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Front
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); UMR 7311; Université d'Orléans; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Rue de Chartres 45067 Orléans France
| | - Estelle Gallienne
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); UMR 7311; Université d'Orléans; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Rue de Chartres 45067 Orléans France
| | | | | | - Olivier R. Martin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); UMR 7311; Université d'Orléans; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Rue de Chartres 45067 Orléans France
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18
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Mena-Barragán T, Narita A, Matias D, Tiscornia G, Nanba E, Ohno K, Suzuki Y, Higaki K, Garcia Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C. pH-Responsive Pharmacological Chaperones for Rescuing Mutant Glycosidases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11696-700. [PMID: 26386364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A general approach is reported for the design of small-molecule competitive inhibitors of lysosomal glycosidases programmed to 1) promote correct folding of mutant enzymes at the endoplasmic reticulum, 2) facilitate trafficking, and 3) undergo dissociation and self-inactivation at the lysosome. The strategy is based on the incorporation of an orthoester segment into iminosugar conjugates to switch the nature of the aglycone moiety from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in the pH 7 to pH 5 window, which has a dramatic effect on the enzyme binding affinity. As a proof of concept, new highly pH-responsive glycomimetics targeting human glucocerebrosidase or α-galactosidase with strong potential as pharmacological chaperones for Gaucher or Fabry disease, respectively, were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mena-Barragán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla c/Profesor García González 1, 41011 Sevilla (Spain)
| | - Aya Narita
- Division of Child Neurology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504 (Japan)
| | - Dino Matias
- Center for Biomedical Research, Depertamento de Ciencias, Biomedicas y Medicina/Programa de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad do Algarve (Portugal)
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- Center for Biomedical Research, Depertamento de Ciencias, Biomedicas y Medicina/Programa de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad do Algarve (Portugal)
| | - Eiji Nanba
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503 (Japan)
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 204-8588 (Japan)
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503 (Japan).
| | - José Manuel Garcia Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla (Spain).
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla c/Profesor García González 1, 41011 Sevilla (Spain).
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19
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Mena-Barragán T, Narita A, Matias D, Tiscornia G, Nanba E, Ohno K, Suzuki Y, Higaki K, Garcia Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C. pH-Responsive Pharmacological Chaperones for Rescuing Mutant Glycosidases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Hill CH, Viuff AH, Spratley SJ, Salamone S, Christensen SH, Read RJ, Moriarty NW, Jensen HH, Deane JE. Azasugar inhibitors as pharmacological chaperones for Krabbe disease. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3075-3086. [PMID: 26029356 PMCID: PMC4445328 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00754b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by rapid demyelination of nerve fibers. This disease is caused by defects in the lysosomal enzyme β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC), which hydrolyzes the terminal galactose from glycosphingolipids. These lipids are essential components of eukaryotic cell membranes: substrates of GALC include galactocerebroside, the primary lipid component of myelin, and psychosine, a cytotoxic metabolite. Mutations of GALC that cause misfolding of the protein may be responsive to pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT), whereby small molecules are used to stabilize these mutant proteins, thus correcting trafficking defects and increasing residual catabolic activity in cells. Here we describe a new approach for the synthesis of galacto-configured azasugars and the characterization of their interaction with GALC using biophysical, biochemical and crystallographic methods. We identify that the global stabilization of GALC conferred by azasugar derivatives, measured by fluorescence-based thermal shift assays, is directly related to their binding affinity, measured by enzyme inhibition. X-ray crystal structures of these molecules bound in the GALC active site reveal which residues participate in stabilizing interactions, show how potency is achieved and illustrate the penalties of aza/iminosugar ring distortion. The structure-activity relationships described here identify the key physical properties required of pharmacological chaperones for Krabbe disease and highlight the potential of azasugars as stabilizing agents for future enzyme replacement therapies. This work lays the foundation for new drug-based treatments of Krabbe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H Hill
- Department of Haematology , Cambridge Institute for Medical Research , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK .
| | - Agnete H Viuff
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C. , Denmark .
| | - Samantha J Spratley
- Department of Haematology , Cambridge Institute for Medical Research , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK .
| | - Stéphane Salamone
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C. , Denmark .
| | - Stig H Christensen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C. , Denmark .
| | - Randy J Read
- Department of Haematology , Cambridge Institute for Medical Research , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK .
| | - Nigel W Moriarty
- Physical Biosciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C. , Denmark .
| | - Janet E Deane
- Department of Haematology , Cambridge Institute for Medical Research , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK .
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