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Emadi R, Bahrami Nekoo A, Molaverdi F, Khorsandi Z, Sheibani R, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H. Applications of palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18715-18733. [PMID: 37346956 PMCID: PMC10280806 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
C-N cross-coupling bond formation reactions have become valuable approaches to synthesizing anilines and their derivatives, known as important chemical compounds. Recent developments in this field have focused on versatile catalysts, simple operation methods, and green reaction conditions. This review article presents an overview of C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compound synthesis reports. Selected examples of N-arylation reactions of various nitrogen-based compounds and aryl halides are defined for preparing pharmaceutical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Emadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Bahrami Nekoo
- Nanoalvand Pharmaceutical Company, Department of Quality Control, Unit of Raw Materials Simindasht Alborz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaverdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, Tehran University Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Khorsandi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
| | - Reza Sheibani
- Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus University St., Nahiyeh san'ati Mahshahr Khouzestan Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
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2
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Angelucci F, Cirillo D, Bjørsvik HR. Imidazole backbone functionalization with olefin crossmetathesis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- University of Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen Department of Chemistry Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen NORWAY
| | - Davide Cirillo
- University of Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen Department of Chemistry Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen NORWAY
| | - Hans-René Bjørsvik
- University of Bergen Department of Chemistry Allegaten 41 N-5007 Bergen NORWAY
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3
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Şahin-Bölükbaşı S, Cantürk-Kılıçkaya P, Kılıçkaya O. Silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes challenge cancer; evaluation of their anticancer properties and in silico studies. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:907-926. [PMID: 33978961 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of the continuous need for efficient therapeutic agents against various kinds of cancers and infectious diseases, the pharmaceutical industry has to find new candidates and strategies to develop novel and efficient drugs. They increasingly use computational tools in R&D stages for screening extensive sets of drug candidates before starting pre-clinical and clinical trials. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) can be evaluated as good drug candidates because they offer both anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory features with their general low-toxicity profiles. To date, different kinds of NHCs (Cu, Co, Ni, Au, Ag, Ru, etc.) have been synthesized and their therapeutic uses has been shown. Here, we have reviewed the recent studies focused on Ag(I)-NHC complexes and their anti-cancer activities. Also, existing examples of the usage of density functional theory and structure-activity relationship have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Pakize Cantürk-Kılıçkaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ozan Kılıçkaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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4
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Cirillo D, Angelucci F, Bjørsvik H. Functionalization of the Imidazole Backbone by Means of a Tailored and Optimized Oxidative Heck Cross‐Coupling. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cirillo
- Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Hans‐René Bjørsvik
- Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
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5
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Alme E, Törnroos KW, Gjertsen BT, Bjørsvik HR. Synthesis of N-Aryl- and N-alkyl-Substituted Imidazolium Silver Complexes: Cytotoxic Screening by Using Human Cell Lines Modelling Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1509-1514. [PMID: 32558262 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-aryl- and N-alkyl substituted imidazoles has been synthesised and complexed with Ag+ to obtain silver-NHC complexes of the form [Ag(NHC)2 ]X. These silver-NHC complexes were tested in vitro against the human cell lines HL-60 and MOLM-13, which both model acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). A substantial difference in cytotoxicity was revealed varying in the range 13-4 μM and 22-9 μM for HL-60 and MOLM-13, respectively. Furthermore, this study revealed that when an alkyl group is installed on the imidazole scaffold, its position substantially influences the cytotoxicity of the corresponding silver NHC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirin Alme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, P.B. 1400, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-René Bjørsvik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway
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6
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Bjørsvik HR, Gjertsen BT, Elumalai V. Hit to Leads with Cytotoxic Effect in Leukemic Cells: Total Synthesis Intermediates as a Molecule Treasure Chest. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:862-870. [PMID: 32233065 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A previously designed and developed 12-step total synthesis that includes [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amine and carbazole intermediates and that ultimately produces the carbazole alkaloid carbazomycin G was exploited as a screening compound library with the goal of identifying potential lead compound(s) with cytotoxic effect. These compounds were investigated by using in-vitro tests involving the two human cell lines HL-60 and MOLM-13, which both model acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The in-vitro biological test results were used together with the molecular structures of the various intermediates in a concise SAR analysis. Several of the intermediates revealed cytotoxicity (IC50 <10-4 M), although the final natural product carbazomycin G did not reveal cytotoxicity versus the two said human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-René Bjørsvik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, P.B. 1400, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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Geetha B, Brinda K, Achar G, Małecki JG, Alwarsamy M, Betageri VS, Budagumpi S. Coumarin incorporated 1,2,4–triazole derived silver(I) N–heterocyclic carbene complexes as efficient antioxidant and antihaemolytic agents. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Deev S, Batsyts S, Sheina E, Shestakova TS, Khalimbadzha I, Kiskin MA, Charushin V, Chupakhin O, Paramonov AS, Shenkarev ZO, Namyslo JC, Schmidt A. Betaine–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Interconversions of Quinazolin‐4‐One Imidazolium Mesomeric Betaines. Sulfur, Selenium, and Borane Adduct Formation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Deev
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Sviatoslav Batsyts
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Ekaterina Sheina
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | | | | | - Mikhail A. Kiskin
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS 31 Leninsky Av. 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Valery Charushin
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
- E I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street 620219 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Oleg Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
- E I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street 620219 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Alexander S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 16/10 Miklukho‐Maklaya Street 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 16/10 Miklukho‐Maklaya Street 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
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9
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Beillard A, Quintin F, Gatignol J, Retailleau P, Renaud JL, Gaillard S, Métro TX, Lamaty F, Bantreil X. Solving the challenging synthesis of highly cytotoxic silver complexes bearing sterically hindered NHC ligands with mechanochemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12592-12598. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Challenging silver(i) NHC complexes displaying cytotoxicity 256 times higher than cisplatin were synthesized by ball-milling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
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10
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Onar G, Karataş MO, Balcıoğlu S, Tok TT, Gürses C, Kılıç-Cıkla I, Özdemir N, Ateş B, Alıcı B. Benzotriazole functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene–silver(I) complexes: Synthesis, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, DNA binding, and molecular docking studies. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Lundevall FJ, Elumalai V, Drageset A, Totland C, Bjørsvik HR. A Co2
B Mediated NaBH4
Reduction Protocol Applicable to a Selection of Functional Groups in Organic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Audun Drageset
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bergen; Allégaten 41 5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Christian Totland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bergen; Allégaten 41 5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Hans-René Bjørsvik
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bergen; Allégaten 41 5007 Bergen Norway
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12
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Gravel J, Schmitzer AR. Imidazolium and benzimidazolium-containing compounds: from simple toxic salts to highly bioactive drugs. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:1051-1071. [PMID: 28045182 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02293f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of simple imidazolium and benzimidazolium salts started to be more and more investigated in the last few years and was taken in consideration in the context of microorganisms, plants and more evolved organisms' exposure. However, the toxicity of these salts can be exploited in the development of different biological applications by incorporating them in the structure of compounds that specifically target microorganisms and cancer cells. We highlight in this minireview the way researchers became aware of the inherent problem of the stability and bioaccumulation of imidazolium and benzimidazolium salts and how they found inspiration to exploit their toxicity by incorporating them into new highly potent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gravel
- Département de Chimie- Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit CP 6128 Succursalle Centre Ville Montréal Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
| | - A R Schmitzer
- Département de Chimie- Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit CP 6128 Succursalle Centre Ville Montréal Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
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13
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14
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Yang D, Shan L, Xu ZF, Li CY. Metal-free synthesis of imidazole by BF3·Et2O promoted denitrogenative transannulation of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1461-1464. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first BF3·Et2O promoted metal-free denitrogenative transannulation of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole was reported, leading to the synthesis of functionalized imidazoles with a broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Lihong Shan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Ze-Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Chuan-Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
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15
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Recent Developments in the Medicinal Applications of Silver-NHC Complexes and Imidazolium Salts. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081263. [PMID: 28749425 PMCID: PMC6152056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their great structural diversity and multitude of chemical properties, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been utilized in a variety of capacities. Most recently, NHCs have been utilized as carrier molecules for many transition metals in medicinal chemistry. Specifically, Ag(I)-NHCs have been investigated as potent antibacterial agents and chemotherapeutics and have shown great efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Ag(I)-NHC compounds have been shown to be effective against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Many compounds have also shown great efficacy as antitumor agents demonstrating comparable or better antitumor activity than standard chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. While these compounds have shown great promise, clinical use has remained an unattained goal. Current research has been focused upon synthesis of novel Ag(I)-NHC compounds and further investigations of their antibacterial and antitumor activity. This review will focus on recent advances of Ag(I)-NHCs in medicinal applications.
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16
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Zhao W, Ferro V, Baker MV. Carbohydrate– N -heterocyclic carbene metal complexes: Synthesis, catalysis and biological studies. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Achar G, V. C. R, K. U, Budagumpi S. Coumarin‐tethered (benz)imidazolium salts and their silver(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and antibacterial studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Achar
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Ramya V. C.
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Upendranath K.
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
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Asekunowo PO, Haque RA, Razali MR. A comparative insight into the bioactivity of mono- and binuclear silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis, lipophilicity and substituent effect. REV INORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSilver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (Ag(I)-NHC) complexes of mononuclear and binuclear species, synthesised by our group and others in recent years, offer a fascinating outlook on their bioactivity. These complexes advance a range of adaptable structural patterns, leading to intra-specific variation in anticancer and antimicrobial activities. This study therefore reviews the synthesis, structural analysis and bioactivity of Ag complexes derived from mononuclear-NHC complexes either with coordinating or non-coordinating anions and binuclear NHC complexes. Specifically, the effect of stability, chain lengths and lipophilicity on the biological activity of recently reported Ag(I)-NHC complexes is reviewed. These complexes can be further explored as novel antibacterial and anticancer drugs in the nearest future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- 2The School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. R. Razali
- 1The School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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19
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Nunes JHB, Bergamini FR, Lustri WR, de Paiva PP, Ruiz ALT, de Carvalho JE, Corbi PP. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological assays of a silver(I) complex with 5-fluorouracil: A strategy to overcome multidrug resistant tumor cells. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Liu M, Namyslo JC, Nieger M, Polamo M, Schmidt A. From betaines to anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Borane, gold, rhodium, and nickel complexes starting from an imidazoliumphenolate and its carbene tautomer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2673-2681. [PMID: 28144338 PMCID: PMC5238575 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesomeric betaine imidazolium-1-ylphenolate forms a borane adduct with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane by coordination with the phenolate oxygen, whereas its NHC tautomer 1-(2-phenol)imidazol-2-ylidene reacts with (triphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride to give the cationic NHC complex [Au(NHC)2][Cl] by coordination with the carbene carbon atom. The anionic N-heterocyclic carbene 1-(2-phenolate)imidazol-2-ylidene gives the complexes [K][Au(NHC-)2], [Rh(NHC-)3] and [Ni(NHC-)2], respectively. Results of four single crystal analyses are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Jan C Namyslo
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Polamo
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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21
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Liu W, Gust R. Update on metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potential anti-tumor metallodrugs. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Medici S, Peana M, Crisponi G, Nurchi VM, Lachowicz JI, Remelli M, Zoroddu MA. Silver coordination compounds: A new horizon in medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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Abstract
![]()
Pd-catalyzed
cross-coupling reactions that form C–N bonds
have become useful methods to synthesize anilines and aniline derivatives,
an important class of compounds throughout chemical research. A key
factor in the widespread adoption of these methods has been the continued
development of reliable and versatile catalysts that function under
operationally simple, user-friendly conditions. This review provides
an overview of Pd-catalyzed N-arylation reactions found in both basic
and applied chemical research from 2008 to the present. Selected examples
of C–N cross-coupling reactions between nine classes of nitrogen-based
coupling partners and (pseudo)aryl halides are described for the synthesis
of heterocycles, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products,
organic materials, and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruiz-Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Schmidt A, Wiechmann S, Otto CF. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Drageset A, Bjørsvik HR. Continuous flow synthesis concatenated with continuous flow liquid–liquid extraction for work-up and purification: selective mono- and di-iodination of the imidazole backbone. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flow processes for mono- and di-iodination of the imidazole backbone were devised, developed, and implemented on the multi-jet oscillating disk (MJOD) flow reactor platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audun Drageset
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bergen
- N-5007 Bergen
- Norway
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