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Agbebi EA, Omotuyi OI, Oyinloye BE, Okeke UB, Apanisile I, Okor B, Adefabijo D. Ethnomedicine, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv.: A comprehensive review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03018-6. [PMID: 38421410 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants as food and medicine has been a common practice in the world, especially in tropical African countries. One such plant in West Africa is Uvaria chamae, also known as Bush banana, renowned for its diverse ethnomedicinal applications and, more recently, for its pharmacological activities attributed to a rich array of phytochemical constituents. Various parts of the plant have been traditionally employed for the treatment of diverse health issues such as digestive disorders, fever, dysmenorrhea, cancer, wound healing, and many more. To unravel the bioactive compounds responsible for these medicinal properties, a comprehensive phytochemical analysis has been undertaken. Notable isolates include chamanetin, dichamanetin, uvaretin, and uvarinol from different parts of the plant. The pharmacological evaluation of these compounds has revealed significant anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, this review provides a thorough examination of the phytochemicals derived from Uvaria chamae, detailing their associated pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo. The review emphasizes the potential of Uvaria chamae as a valuable source of lead compounds for cancer chemotherapy and antimicrobial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ayodeji Agbebi
- Institute for Drug Research and Development, S.E. Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria.
| | - Olaposi Idowu Omotuyi
- Institute for Drug Research and Development, S.E. Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
- Bio-Computing & Drug Research Unit, Mols and Sims, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Institute for Drug Research and Development, S.E. Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Uchenna Benjamin Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - IyanuOluwa Apanisile
- Institute for Drug Research and Development, S.E. Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - Beatrice Okor
- Institute for Drug Research and Development, S.E. Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Adefabijo
- Institute for Drug Research and Development, S.E. Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
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2
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Verboni M, Olivieri D, Lucarini S. A recent update on new synthetic chiral compounds with antileishmanial activity. Chirality 2022; 34:1279-1297. [PMID: 35947400 PMCID: PMC9543214 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases, including malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, affect billions of people and are responsible for almost 500,000 deaths/year. In particular, leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, is considered a global public health problem because current drugs have several drawbacks including to toxicity, high cost, and drug resistance, which result in a lack of effective and readily available therapies. Therefore, the synthesis of new, safe, and effective molecules still requires the attention of the scientific community. Moreover, it is well known that chirality plays a crucial role in the antiparasitic activity of molecules, driving the design of their synthesis. Therefore, in this review we report a recent update on new chiral compounds with promising antileishmanial activity, focusing on synthetic approaches. Where reported, in most cases the enantiopure compound has shown better potency against the protozoa than its enantiomer or corresponding racemic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Verboni
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Diego Olivieri
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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3
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Bold CP, Klaus C, Pfeiffer B, Schürmann J, Lombardi R, Lucena-Agell D, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Studies toward the Synthesis of an Oxazole-Based Analog of (-)-Zampanolide. Org Lett 2021; 23:2238-2242. [PMID: 33635661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies are described toward the synthesis of an oxazole-based analog of (-)-zampanolide (2). Construction of (-)-dactylolide analog 22 was achieved via alcohol 5 and acid 4 through esterification and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE)-based macrocyclization; however, attempts to attach (Z,E)-sorbamide to 22 proved unsuccessful. The C(8)-C(9) double bond of the macrocycle was prone to migration into conjugation with the oxazole ring, which may generally limit the usefulness of zampanolide analogs with aromatic moieties as tetrahydropyran replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Bold
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cindy Klaus
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Pfeiffer
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Schürmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Lombardi
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Abstract
Incorporation of heterocycles into drug molecules can enhance physical properties and biological activity. A variety of heterocyclic groups is available to medicinal chemists, many of which have been reviewed in detail elsewhere. Oxadiazoles are a class of heterocycle containing one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms, available in three isomeric forms. While the 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles have seen widespread application in medicinal chemistry, 1,2,5-oxadiazoles (furazans) are less common. This Review provides a summary of the application of furazan-containing molecules in medicinal chemistry and drug development programs from analysis of both patent and academic literature. Emphasis is placed on programs that reached clinical or preclinical stages of development. The examples provided herein describe the pharmacology and biological activity of furazan derivatives with comparative data provided where possible for other heterocyclic groups and pharmacophores commonly used in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald F Weaver
- Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Treventis Corporation, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada
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5
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Zacharova MK, Tulloch LB, Gould ER, Fraser AL, King EF, Menzies SK, Smith TK, Florence GJ. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bis-Tetrahydropyran Furan Acetogenin Mimics Targeting the Trypanosomatid F1 Component of ATP Synthase. European J Org Chem 2019; 2019:5434-5440. [PMID: 31598093 PMCID: PMC6774295 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are responsible for the severely debilitating neglected Tropical diseases of African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, respectively. As part of our ongoing programme exploring the potential of simplified analogues of the acetogenin chamuvarinin we identified the T. brucei FoF1-ATP synthase as a target of our earlier triazole analogue series. Using computational docking studies, we hypothesised that the central triazole heterocyclic spacer could be substituted for a central 2,5-substituted furan moiety, thus diversifying the chemical framework for the generation of compounds with greater potency and/or selectivity. Here we report the design, docking, synthesis and biological evaluation of new series of trypanocidal compounds and demonstrate their on-target inhibitory effects. Furthermore, the synthesis of furans by the modular coupling of alkyne- and aldehyde-THPs to bis-THP 1,4-alkyne diols followed by ruthenium/xantphos-catalysed heterocyclisation described here represents the most complex use of this method of heterocyclisation to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija K. Zacharova
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of BiologyBiomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Lindsay B. Tulloch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of BiologyBiomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Eoin R. Gould
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of BiologyBiomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Andrew L. Fraser
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of BiologyBiomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Elizabeth F. King
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of BiologyBiomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Stefanie K. Menzies
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of BiologyBiomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Terry K. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of BiologyBiomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Gordon J. Florence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of BiologyBiomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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6
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Vairoletti F, Medeiros A, Fontán P, Meléndrez J, Tabárez C, Salinas G, Franco J, Comini MA, Saldaña J, Jancik V, Mahler G, Saiz C. Synthesis of bicyclic 1,4-thiazepines as novel anti- Trypanosoma brucei brucei agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1481-1487. [PMID: 31673311 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Thiazepines derivatives are pharmacologically important heterocycles with different applications in medicinal chemistry. In the present work, we describe the preparation of new bicyclic thiazolidinyl-1,4-thiazepines 3 by reaction between azadithiane compounds and Michael acceptors. The reaction scope was explored and the yields were optimized. The activity of the new compounds was evaluated against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Caenorhabditis elegans as anthelmintic models and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The most active compound was 3l, showing an EC50 = 2.8 ± 0.7 μM against T. b. brucei and a selectivity index >71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Vairoletti
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay . ;
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes , Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo , Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica , Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Pablo Fontán
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay . ;
| | - Jennifer Meléndrez
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay . ;
| | - Carlos Tabárez
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay . ;
| | - Gustavo Salinas
- Worm Biology Laboratory , Unidad Mixta Institut Pasteur de Montevideo-Facultad de Química , UdelaR , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Jaime Franco
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes , Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes , Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Jenny Saldaña
- Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal , Depto de Ciencias Farmacéuticas , Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM , Toluca , Mexico
| | - Graciela Mahler
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay . ;
| | - Cecilia Saiz
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay . ;
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7
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Kanazawa H, Saavedra OM, Maianti JP, Young SA, Izquierdo L, Smith TK, Hanessian S, Kondo J. Structure-Based Design of a Eukaryote-Selective Antiprotozoal Fluorinated Aminoglycoside. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1541-1548. [PMID: 29766661 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AG) are antibiotics that lower the accuracy of protein synthesis by targeting a highly conserved RNA helix of the ribosomal A-site. The discovery of AGs that selectively target the eukaryotic ribosome, but lack activity in prokaryotes, are promising as antiprotozoals for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases, and as therapies to read-through point-mutation genetic diseases. However, a single nucleobase change A1408G in the eukaryotic A-site leads to negligible affinity for most AGs. Herein we report the synthesis of 6'-fluorosisomicin, the first 6'-fluorinated aminoglycoside, which specifically interacts with the protozoal cytoplasmic rRNA A-site, but not the bacterial A-site, as evidenced by X-ray co-crystal structures. The respective dispositions of 6'-fluorosisomicin within the bacterial and protozoal A-sites reveal that the fluorine atom acts only as a hydrogen-bond acceptor to favorably interact with G1408 of the protozoal A-site. Unlike aminoglycosides containing a 6'-ammonium group, 6'-fluorosisomicin cannot participate in the hydrogen-bonding pattern that characterizes stable pseudo-base-pairs with A1408 of the bacterial A-sites. Based on these structural observations it may be possible to shift the biological activity of aminoglycosides to act preferentially as antiprotozoal agents. These findings expand the repertoire of small molecules targeting the eukaryotic ribosome and demonstrate the usefulness of fluorine as a design element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oscar M Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Maianti
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Simon A Young
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital-Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Terry K Smith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jiro Kondo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Fraser AL, Menzies SK, King EFB, Tulloch LB, Gould ER, Zacharova MK, Smith TK, Florence GJ. Design and Synthesis of Broad Spectrum Trypanosomatid Selective Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:560-567. [PMID: 29313667 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases caused by parasitic infections are an ongoing and increasing concern that have a devastating effect on the developing world due to their burden on human and animal health. In this work, we detail the preparation of a focused library of substituted-tetrahydropyran derivatives and their evaluation as selective chemical tools for trypanosomatid inhibition and the follow-on development of photoaffinity probes capable of labeling target protein(s) in vitro. Several of these functionalized compounds maintain low micromolar activity against Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania major, and Leishmania donovani. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of the photoaffinity probes for target identification through preliminary cellular localization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Fraser
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie K. Menzies
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth F. B. King
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B. Tulloch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin R. Gould
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Marija K. Zacharova
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Terry K. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon J. Florence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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9
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Fershtat LL, Makhova NN. Molecular Hybridization Tools in the Development of Furoxan-Based NO-Donor Prodrugs. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:622-638. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L. Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Prosp. 47 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Nina N. Makhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Prosp. 47 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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10
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Gould ER, King EFB, Menzies SK, Fraser AL, Tulloch LB, Zacharova MK, Smith TK, Florence GJ. Simplifying nature: Towards the design of broad spectrum kinetoplastid inhibitors, inspired by acetogenins. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6126-6136. [PMID: 28185724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The need for new treatments for the neglected tropical diseases African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis remains urgent with the diseases widespread in tropical regions, affecting the world's very poorest. We have previously reported bis-tetrahydropyran 1,4-triazole analogues designed as mimics of the annonaceous acetogenin natural product chamuvarinin, which maintained trypanocidal activity. Building upon these studies, we here report related triazole compounds with pendant heterocycles, mimicking the original butenolide of the natural product. Analogues were active against T. brucei, with a nitrofuran compound displaying nanomolar trypanocidal activity. Several analogues also showed strong activity against T. cruzi and L. major. Importantly, select compounds gave excellent selectivity over mammalian cells with a furan-based analogue highly selective while remaining active against all three cell lines, thus representing a potential lead for a new broad spectrum kinetoplastid inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin R Gould
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Elizabeth F B King
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stefanie K Menzies
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew L Fraser
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Lindsay B Tulloch
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Marija K Zacharova
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Terry K Smith
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Gordon J Florence
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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11
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Florence GJ, Fraser AL, Gould ER, King EF, Menzies SK, Morris JC, Thomson MI, Tulloch LB, Zacharova MK, Smith TK. Development of Simplified Heterocyclic Acetogenin Analogues as Potent and Selective Trypanosoma brucei Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1503-6. [PMID: 27283448 PMCID: PMC5111590 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases caused by parasitic infections are an ongoing and increasing concern. They are a burden to human and animal health, having the most devastating effect on the world's poorest countries. Building upon our previously reported triazole analogues, in this study we describe the synthesis and biological testing of other novel heterocyclic acetogenin-inspired derivatives, namely 3,5-isoxazoles, furoxans, and furazans. Several of these compounds maintain low-micromolar levels of inhibition against Trypanosoma brucei, whilst having no observable inhibitory effect on mammalian cells, leading to the possibility of novel lead compounds for selective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J Florence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Andrew L Fraser
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Eoin R Gould
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Elizabeth F King
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stefanie K Menzies
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Joanne C Morris
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Marie I Thomson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Lindsay B Tulloch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Marija K Zacharova
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Terry K Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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