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Nocentini A, Di Porzio A, Bonardi A, Bazzicalupi C, Petreni A, Biver T, Bua S, Marzano S, Amato J, Pagano B, Iaccarino N, De Tito S, Amente S, Supuran CT, Randazzo A, Gratteri P. Development of a multi-targeted chemotherapeutic approach based on G-quadruplex stabilisation and carbonic anhydrase inhibition. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2366236. [PMID: 38905127 PMCID: PMC11195807 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2366236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel class of compounds designed to hit two anti-tumour targets, G-quadruplex structures and human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) IX and XII is proposed. The induction/stabilisation of G-quadruplex structures by small molecules has emerged as an anticancer strategy, disrupting telomere maintenance and reducing oncogene expression. hCAs IX and XII are well-established anti-tumour targets, upregulated in many hypoxic tumours and contributing to metastasis. The ligands reported feature a berberine G-quadruplex stabiliser scaffold connected to a moiety inhibiting hCAs IX and XII. In vitro experiments showed that our compounds selectively stabilise G-quadruplex structures and inhibit hCAs IX and XII. The crystal structure of a telomeric G-quadruplex in complex with one of these ligands was obtained, shedding light on the ligand/target interaction mode. The most promising ligands showed significant cytotoxicity against CA IX-positive HeLa cancer cells in hypoxia, and the ability to stabilise G-quadruplexes within tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section and Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Di Porzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section and Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Petreni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section and Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Marzano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano De Tito
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section and Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section and Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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2
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Tang J, Yang Y, Yin HY, Ma B, Zhu M, Yang ZS, Peng XX, Jia F, Zhao Y, Wang F, Chen T, Zhang JL. A Platinum-Aluminum Bimetallic Salen Complex for Pro-senescence Cancer Therapy. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400105. [PMID: 38639074 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Cell senescence is defined as irreversible cell cycle arrest, which can be triggered by telomere shortening or by various types of genotoxic stress. Induction of senescence is emerging as a new strategy for the treatment of cancer, especially when sequentially combined with a second senolytic drug capable of killing the resulting senescent cells, however severely suffering from the undesired off-target side effects from the senolytic drugs. Here, we prepare a bimetalic platinum-aluminum salen complex (Alumiplatin) for cancer therapy-a combination of pro-senesence chemotherapy with in situ senotherapy to avoid the side effects. The aluminum salen moiety, as a G-quadruplex stabilizer, enhances the salen's ability to induce cancer cell senescence and this phenotype is in turn sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of the monofunctional platinum moiety. It exhibits an excellent capability for inducing senescence, a potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and an improved safety profile compared to cisplatin. Therefore, Alumiplatin may be a good candidate to be further developed into safe and effective anticancer agents. This novel combination of cell senescence inducers with genotoxic drugs revolutionizes the therapy options of designing multi-targeting anticancer agents to improve the efficacy of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yan Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Shu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Choudhury SD, Kumar P, Choudhury D. Bioactive nutraceuticals as G4 stabilizers: potential cancer prevention and therapy-a critical review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3585-3616. [PMID: 38019298 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are non-canonical, four-stranded, nucleic acid secondary structures formed in the guanine-rich sequences, where guanine nucleotides associate with each other via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding. These structures are widely found near the functional regions of the mammalian genome, such as telomeres, oncogenic promoters, and replication origins, and play crucial regulatory roles in replication and transcription. Destabilization of G4 by various carcinogenic agents allows oncogene overexpression and extension of telomeric ends resulting in dysregulation of cellular growth-promoting oncogenesis. Therefore, targeting and stabilizing these G4 structures with potential ligands could aid cancer prevention and therapy. The field of G-quadruplex targeting is relatively nascent, although many articles have demonstrated the effect of G4 stabilization on oncogenic expressions; however, no previous study has provided a comprehensive analysis about the potency of a wide variety of nutraceuticals and some of their derivatives in targeting G4 and the lattice of oncogenic cell signaling cascade affected by them. In this review, we have discussed bioactive G4-stabilizing nutraceuticals, their sources, mode of action, and their influence on cellular signaling, and we believe our insight would bring new light to the current status of the field and motivate researchers to explore this relatively poorly studied arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satabdi Datta Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Prateek Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
- Centre for Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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4
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Morretta E, Capuano A, D’Urso G, Voli A, Mozzicafreddo M, Di Gaetano S, Capasso D, Sala M, Scala MC, Campiglia P, Piccialli V, Casapullo A. Identification of Mortalin as the Main Interactor of Mycalin A, a Poly-Brominated C-15 Acetogenin Sponge Metabolite, by MS-Based Proteomics. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38393023 PMCID: PMC10890321 DOI: 10.3390/md22020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycalin A (MA) is a polybrominated C-15 acetogenin isolated from the marine sponge Mycale rotalis. Since this substance displays a strong antiproliferative bioactivity towards some tumour cells, we have now directed our studies towards the elucidation of the MA interactome through functional proteomic approaches, (DARTS and t-LIP-MS). DARTS experiments were performed on Hela cell lysates with the purpose of identifying MA main target protein(s); t-LiP-MS was then applied for an in-depth investigation of the MA-target protein interaction. Both these techniques exploit limited proteolysis coupled with MS analysis. To corroborate LiP data, molecular docking studies were performed on the complexes. Finally, biological and SPR analysis were conducted to explore the effect of the binding. Mortalin (GRP75) was identified as the MA's main interactor. This protein belongs to the Hsp70 family and has garnered significant attention due to its involvement in certain forms of cancer. Specifically, its overexpression in cancer cells appears to hinder the pro-apoptotic function of p53, one of its client proteins, because it becomes sequestered in the cytoplasm. Our research, therefore, has been focused on the possibility that MA might prevent this sequestration, promoting the re-localization of p53 to the nucleus and facilitating the apoptosis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Morretta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (M.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandra Capuano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (M.C.S.); (P.C.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gilda D’Urso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (M.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Antonia Voli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (M.C.S.); (P.C.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Department of Physics, Ettore Pancini, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marina Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (M.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Maria Carmina Scala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (M.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (M.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Piccialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Agostino Casapullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (M.C.S.); (P.C.)
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5
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Grasso N, Graziano R, Marzano S, D'Aria F, Merlino F, Grieco P, Randazzo A, Pagano B, Amato J. Unveiling the interaction between DNA G-quadruplexes and RG-rich peptides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126749. [PMID: 37689293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are non-canonical DNA secondary structures formed within guanine-rich strands that play important roles in various biological processes, including gene regulation, telomere maintenance and DNA replication. The biological functions and formation of these DNA structures are strictly controlled by several proteins that bind and stabilize or resolve them. Many G-quadruplex-binding proteins feature an arginine and glycine-rich motif known as the RGG or RG-rich motif. Although this motif plays a crucial role in the recognition of such non-canonical structures, their interaction is still poorly understood. Here, we employed a combination of several biophysical techniques to provide valuable insights into the interaction between a peptide containing an RGG motif shared by numerous human G-quadruplex-binding proteins (NIQI) and various biologically relevant G-quadruplex DNA structures with different topologies. We also shed light on the key amino acids involved in the binding process. Our findings contribute to lay the basis for the development of a new class of peptide-based G-quadruplex ligands as an alternative to small molecules. These ligands may serve as valid tools for interfering in DNA-protein interactions, with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Grasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Graziano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Marzano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica D'Aria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merlino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Romano F, Di Porzio A, Iaccarino N, Riccardi G, Di Lorenzo R, Laneri S, Pagano B, Amato J, Randazzo A. G-quadruplexes in cancer-related gene promoters: from identification to therapeutic targeting. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:745-773. [PMID: 37855085 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guanine-rich DNA sequences can fold into four-stranded noncanonical secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s) which are widely distributed in functional regions of the human genome, such as telomeres and gene promoter regions. Compelling evidence suggests their involvement in key genome functions such as gene expression and genome stability. Notably, the abundance of G4-forming sequences near transcription start sites suggests their potential involvement in regulating oncogenes. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current knowledge on G4s in human oncogene promoters. The most representative G4-binding ligands have also been documented. The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the most promising targets for the development of novel and highly specific anticancer drugs capable of selectively impacting the expression of individual or a limited number of genes. EXPERT OPINION Modulation of G4 formation by specific ligands has been proposed as a powerful new tool to treat cancer through the control of oncogene expression. Actually, most of G4-binding small molecules seem to simultaneously target a range of gene promoter G4s, potentially influencing several critical driver genes in cancer, thus producing significant therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Porzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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7
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Ragusa MA, Naselli F, Cruciata I, Volpes S, Schimmenti C, Serio G, Mauro M, Librizzi M, Luparello C, Chiarelli R, La Rosa C, Lauria A, Gentile C, Caradonna F. Indicaxanthin Induces Autophagy in Intestinal Epithelial Cancer Cells by Epigenetic Mechanisms Involving DNA Methylation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3495. [PMID: 37571432 PMCID: PMC10420994 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Recently, the anticancer potential of autophagy inducers, including phytochemicals, was suggested. Indicaxanthin is a betalain pigment found in prickly pear fruit with antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in colorectal cancer cells associated with epigenetic changes in selected methylation-silenced oncosuppressor genes. Here, we demonstrate that indicaxanthin induces the up-regulation of the autophagic markers LC3-II and Beclin1, and increases autophagolysosome production in Caco-2 cells. Methylomic studies showed that the indicaxanthin-induced pro-autophagic activity was associated with epigenetic changes. In addition to acting as a hypermethylating agent at the genomic level, indicaxanthin also induced significant differential methylation in 39 out of 47 autophagy-related genes, particularly those involved in the late stages of autophagy. Furthermore, in silico molecular modelling studies suggested a direct interaction of indicaxanthin with Bcl-2, which, in turn, influenced the function of Beclin1, a key autophagy regulator. External effectors, including food components, may modulate the epigenetic signature of cancer cells. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the pro-autophagic potential of indicaxanthin in human colorectal cancer cells associated with epigenetic changes and contributes to outlining its potential healthy effect in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Ragusa
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Flores Naselli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Sara Volpes
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Schimmenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Graziella Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Maurizio Mauro
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Michael F. Price Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Mariangela Librizzi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara La Rosa
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Antonino Lauria
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.R.); (F.N.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (C.S.); (G.S.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (F.C.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Savva L, Fossépré M, Keramidas O, Themistokleous A, Rizeq N, Panagiotou N, Leclercq M, Nicolaidou E, Surin M, Hayes SC, Georgiades SN. Gaining Insights on the Interactions of a Class of Decorated (2-([2,2'-Bipyridin]-6-yl)phenyl)platinum Compounds with c-Myc Oncogene Promoter G-Quadruplex and Other DNA Structures. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201497. [PMID: 35726630 PMCID: PMC9804160 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic molecules offer some of the most promising scaffolds for interaction with G-quadruplex nucleic acids. We report the efficient synthesis of a family of organoplatinum(II) complexes, featuring a 2-([2,2'-bipyridin]-6-yl)phenyl tridentate (N∧ N∧ C) ligand, that incorporates peripheral side-chains aiming at enhancing and diversifying its interaction capabilities. These include a di-isopropyl carbamoyl amide, a morpholine ethylenamide, two enantiomeric proline imides and an oxazole. The binding affinities of the Pt-complexes were evaluated via UV-vis and fluorescence titrations, against 5 topologically-distinct DNA structures, including c-myc G-quadruplex, two telomeric (22AG) G-quadruplexes, a duplex (ds26) and a single-stranded (polyT) DNA. All compounds exhibited binding selectivity in favour of c-myc, with association constants (Ka ) in the range of 2-5×105 M-1 , lower affinity for both folds of 22AG and for ds26 and negligible affinity for polyT. Remarkable emission enhancements (up to 200-fold) upon addition of excess DNA were demonstrated by a subset of the compounds with c-myc, providing a basis for optical selectivity, since optical response to all other tested DNAs was low. A c-myc DNA-melting experiment showed significant stabilizing abilities for all compounds, with the most potent binder, the morpholine-Pt-complex, exhibiting a ΔTm >30 °C, at 1 : 5 DNA-to-ligand molar ratio. The same study implied contributions of the diverse side-chains to helix stabilization. To gain direct evidence of the nature of the interactions, mixtures of c-myc with the four most promising compounds were studied via UV Resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy, which revealed end-stacking binding mode, combined with interactions of side-chains with loop nucleobase residues. Docking simulations were conducted to provide insights into the binding modes for the same four Pt-compounds, suggesting that the binding preference for two alternative orientations of the c-myc G-quadruplex thymine 'cap' ('open' vs. 'closed'), as well as the relative contributions to affinity from end-stacking and H-bonding, are highly dependent on the nature of the interacting Pt-complex side-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukiani Savva
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglandjia2109NicosiaCyprus
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of Mons – UMONS20 Place du ParcB-7000MonsBelgium
| | - Odysseas Keramidas
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglandjia2109NicosiaCyprus
| | | | - Natalia Rizeq
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglandjia2109NicosiaCyprus
| | - Nikos Panagiotou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglandjia2109NicosiaCyprus
| | - Maxime Leclercq
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of Mons – UMONS20 Place du ParcB-7000MonsBelgium
| | - Eliana Nicolaidou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglandjia2109NicosiaCyprus
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of Mons – UMONS20 Place du ParcB-7000MonsBelgium
| | - Sophia C. Hayes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglandjia2109NicosiaCyprus
| | - Savvas N. Georgiades
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglandjia2109NicosiaCyprus
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9
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Combination of dl922-947 Oncolytic Adenovirus and G-Quadruplex Binders Uncovers Improved Antitumor Activity in Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162482. [PMID: 36010559 PMCID: PMC9406944 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are nucleic secondary structures characterized by G-tetrads. G4 motif stabilization induces DNA damage and cancer cell death; therefore, G4-targeting small molecules are the focus of clinical investigation. DNA destabilization induced by G4 ligands might potentiate the anticancer activity of agents targeting DNA or inhibiting its repair such as oncolytic viruses. This study represents the first approach combining G4 ligands, BRACO-19 (B19), pyridostatin (PDS), and the adenovirus dl922-947 in breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that G4 binders and dl922-947 induce cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and at higher doses in other neoplastic cell lines of thyroid (BHT-101 cells) and prostate (PC3 cells). G4 binders induce G4 motifs distributed in the S and G2/M phases in MCF-7 cells. G4 binder/dl922-947 combination increases cell cytotoxicity and the accumulation in subG0/G1. Indeed, G4 binders favor viral entry and replication with no effect on coxsackie and adenovirus receptor. Notably, dl922-947 induces G4 motifs and its combination with PDS potentiates this effect in MCF-7 cells. The agents alone or in combination similarly enhanced cell senescence. Additionally, PDS/dl922-947 combination inactivates STING signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results suggest that G4 binder/virotherapy combination may represent a novel therapeutic anticancer approach.
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10
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Cyclic Triimidazoles as Stabilizers for Gene Promoter and Human Telomeric DNA G‐Quadruplexes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Wang X, Zhang M, Xiong XQ, Yang H, Wang P, Zhang K, Awadasseid A, Narva S, Wu YL, Zhang W. Design, synthesis and bioactivity of novel naphthalimide-benzotriazole conjugates against A549 cells via targeting BCL2 G-quadruplex and inducing autophagy. Life Sci 2022; 302:120651. [PMID: 35597548 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, a series of novel naphthalimide-benzotriazole conjugates (1a-3c) based on 1, 8-naphthalimide as a core skeleton, aiming at G-quadruplexes, were designed and synthesized, and their anti-cancer activity and mechanism were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the CCK-8 assay, FRET melting, EMSA, CD, and molecular docking, intracellular assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS By the CCK-8 assay, it was found that the compound, 2-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-6-(1H-benzo [d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (3a), has better activity against A549 cells. Through extracellular assays, including FRET melting, EMSA, CD, and molecular docking, results showed that 3a selectively interacted with BCL2 G-quadruplex(es). Further studies by intracellular assays, including western blotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, etc., verified that 3a mediated the death of A549 cells by two pathways: inhibition of the expression of the BCL2 gene, causing tumor cell apoptosis, and promotion of genetic instability, causing autophagy. This study suggests that the type of compounds, in particular, 3a, may be a potential molecule to explore for BCL2 G-quadruplex-targeted drugs against lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate that compound 3a as a BCL2 G-quadruplex ligand induces DNA damage, autophagy, and apoptosis in A549 cells. This study provides us with a type of lead compound as an anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xu-Qiong Xiong
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Koutian Zhang
- Zhejiang Jianing Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Annoor Awadasseid
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Suresh Narva
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Lab of Molecular Immunology, Virus Inspection Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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12
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Meier-Stephenson V. G4-quadruplex-binding proteins: review and insights into selectivity. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:635-654. [PMID: 35791380 PMCID: PMC9250568 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are over 700,000 putative G4-quadruplexes (G4Qs) in the human genome, found largely in promoter regions, telomeres, and other regions of high regulation. Growing evidence links their presence to functionality in various cellular processes, where cellular proteins interact with them, either stabilizing and/or anchoring upon them, or unwinding them to allow a process to proceed. Interest in understanding and manipulating the plethora of processes regulated by these G4Qs has spawned a new area of small-molecule binder development, with attempts to mimic and block the associated G4-binding protein (G4BP). Despite the growing interest and focus on these G4Qs, there is limited data (in particular, high-resolution structural information), on the nature of these G4Q-G4BP interactions and what makes a G4BP selective to certain G4Qs, if in fact they are at all. This review summarizes the current literature on G4BPs with regards to their interactions with G4Qs, providing groupings for binding mode, drawing conclusions around commonalities and highlighting information on specific interactions where available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Meier-Stephenson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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13
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Amato J, Iaccarino N, D'Aria F, D'Amico F, Randazzo A, Giancola C, Cesàro A, Di Fonzo S, Pagano B. Conformational plasticity of DNA secondary structures: probing the conversion between i-motif and hairpin species by circular dichroism and ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7028-7044. [PMID: 35258065 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The promoter regions of important oncogenes such as BCL2 and KRAS contain GC-rich sequences that can form distinctive noncanonical DNA structures involved in the regulation of transcription: G-quadruplexes on the G-rich strand and i-motifs on the C-rich strand. Interestingly, BCL2 and KRAS promoter i-motifs are highly dynamic in nature and exist in a pH-dependent equilibrium with hairpin and even with hybrid i-motif/hairpin species. Herein, the effects of pH and presence of cell-mimicking molecular crowding conditions on conformational equilibria of the BCL2 and KRAS i-motif-forming sequences were investigated by ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. Multivariate analysis of CD data was essential to model the presence and identity of the species involved. Analysis of UVRR spectra measured as a function of pH, performed also by the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) technique, showed the role of several functional groups in the DNA conformational transitions, and provided structural and dynamic information. Thus, the UVRR investigation of intramolecular interactions and of local and environmental dynamics in promoting the different species induced by the solution conditions provided valuable insights into i-motif conformational transitions. The combined use of the two spectroscopic tools is emphasized by the relevant possibility of working in the same DNA concentration range and by the heterospectral UVRR/CD 2D-COS analysis. The results of this study shed light on the factors that can influence at the molecular level the equilibrium between the different conformational species putatively involved in the oncogene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, I-80131, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, I-80131, Italy.
| | - Federica D'Aria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, I-80131, Italy.
| | - Francesco D'Amico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Science Park, Trieste, I-34149, Italy.
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, I-80131, Italy.
| | - Concetta Giancola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, I-80131, Italy.
| | - Attilio Cesàro
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Science Park, Trieste, I-34149, Italy.
| | - Silvia Di Fonzo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Science Park, Trieste, I-34149, Italy.
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, I-80131, Italy.
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14
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Identification of Effective Anticancer G-Quadruplex-Targeting Chemotypes through the Exploration of a High Diversity Library of Natural Compounds. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101611. [PMID: 34683905 PMCID: PMC8537501 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for selective G-quadruplex (G4)-targeting chemotypes, natural compounds have been thus far poorly explored, though representing appealing candidates due to the high structural diversity of their scaffolds. In this regard, a unique high diversity in-house library composed of ca. one thousand individual natural products was investigated. The combination of molecular docking-based virtual screening and the G4-CPG experimental screening assay proved to be useful to quickly and effectively identify-out of many natural compounds-five hit binders of telomeric and oncogenic G4s, i.e., Bulbocapnine, Chelidonine, Ibogaine, Rotenone and Vomicine. Biophysical studies unambiguously demonstrated the selective interaction of these compounds with G4s compared to duplex DNA. The rationale behind the G4 selective recognition was suggested by molecular dynamics simulations. Indeed, the selected ligands proved to specifically interact with G4 structures due to peculiar interaction patterns, while they were unable to firmly bind to a DNA duplex. From biological assays, Chelidonine and Rotenone emerged as the most active compounds of the series against cancer cells, also showing good selectivity over normal cells. Notably, the anticancer activity correlated well with the ability of the two compounds to target telomeric G4s.
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15
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Sanchez-Martin V, Soriano M, Garcia-Salcedo JA. Quadruplex Ligands in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3156. [PMID: 34202648 PMCID: PMC8267697 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids can adopt alternative secondary conformations including four-stranded structures known as quadruplexes. To date, quadruplexes have been demonstrated to exist both in human chromatin DNA and RNA. In particular, quadruplexes are found in guanine-rich sequences constituting G-quadruplexes, and in cytosine-rich sequences forming i-Motifs as a counterpart. Quadruplexes are associated with key biological processes ranging from transcription and translation of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors to telomeres maintenance and genome instability. In this context, quadruplexes have prompted investigations on their possible role in cancer biology and the evaluation of small-molecule ligands as potential therapeutic agents. This review aims to provide an updated close-up view of the literature on quadruplex ligands in cancer therapy, by grouping together ligands for DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes and DNA i-Motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanchez-Martin
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Microbiology Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute IBS, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Soriano
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Centre for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL), University of Almeria, 04001 Almeria, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Garcia-Salcedo
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Microbiology Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute IBS, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
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16
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Banerjee N, Panda S, Chatterjee S. Frontiers in G-Quadruplex Therapeutics in Cancer: Selection of Small Molecules, Peptides and Aptamers. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:1-31. [PMID: 34148284 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex, a unique secondary structure in nucleic acids found throughout human genome, elicited widespread interest in the field of therapeutic research. Being present in key regulatory regions of oncogenes, RNAs and telomere, G-quadruplex structure regulates transcription, translation, splicing etc. Changes in its structure and stability leads to differential expression of oncogenes causing cancer. Thus, targeting G-Quadruplex structures with small molecules/other biologics has shown elevated research interest. Covering previous reports, in this review we try to enlighten the facts on the structural diversity in G-quadruplex ligands aiming to provide newer insights to design first-in-class drugs for the next generation cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Suman Panda
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India
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17
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Canesin G, Di Ruscio A, Li M, Ummarino S, Hedblom A, Choudhury R, Krzyzanowska A, Csizmadia E, Palominos M, Stiehm A, Ebralidze A, Chen SY, Bassal MA, Zhao P, Tolosano E, Hurley L, Bjartell A, Tenen DG, Wegiel B. Scavenging of Labile Heme by Hemopexin Is a Key Checkpoint in Cancer Growth and Metastases. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108181. [PMID: 32966797 PMCID: PMC7551404 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemopexin (Hx) is a scavenger of labile heme. Herein, we present data defining the role of tumor stroma-expressed Hx in suppressing cancer progression. Labile heme and Hx levels are inversely correlated in the plasma of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Further, low expression of Hx in PCa biopsies characterizes poorly differentiated tumors and correlates with earlier time to relapse. Significantly, heme promotes tumor growth and metastases in an orthotopic murine model of PCa, with the most aggressive phenotype detected in mice lacking Hx. Mechanistically, labile heme accumulates in the nucleus and modulates specific gene expression via interacting with guanine quadruplex (G4) DNA structures to promote PCa growth. We identify c-MYC as a heme:G4-regulated gene and a major player in heme-driven cancer progression. Collectively, these results reveal that sequestration of labile heme by Hx may block heme-driven tumor growth and metastases, suggesting a potential strategy to prevent and/or arrest cancer dissemination. Canesin et al. describe a role and mechanism for labile heme as a key player in regulating gene expression to promote carcinogenesis via binding to G-quadruplex in the c-MYC promoter. Hemopexin, a heme scavenger, may be used as a strategy to block progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Canesin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Annalisa Di Ruscio
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; University of Eastern Piedmont, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA.
| | - Mailin Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; University of Eastern Piedmont, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Ummarino
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; University of Eastern Piedmont, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy
| | - Andreas Hedblom
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Reeham Choudhury
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Agnieszka Krzyzanowska
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Macarena Palominos
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Anna Stiehm
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ebralidze
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Shao-Yong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Bassal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Ping Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laurence Hurley
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA.
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Matsumoto S, Sugimoto N. New Insights into the Functions of Nucleic Acids Controlled by Cellular Microenvironments. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:17. [PMID: 33782792 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The right-handed double-helical B-form structure (B-form duplex) has been widely recognized as the canonical structure of nucleic acids since it was first proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. This B-form duplex model has a monochronic and static structure and codes genetic information within a sequence. Interestingly, DNA and RNA can form various non-canonical structures, such as hairpin loops, left-handed helices, triplexes, tetraplexes of G-quadruplex and i-motif, and branched junctions, in addition to the canonical structure. The formation of non-canonical structures depends not only on sequence but also on the surrounding environment. Importantly, these non-canonical structures may exhibit a wide variety of biological roles by changing their structures and stabilities in response to the surrounding environments, which undergo vast changes at specific locations and at specific times in cells. Here, we review recent progress regarding the interesting behaviors and functions of nucleic acids controlled by molecularly crowded cellular conditions. New insights gained from recent studies suggest that nucleic acids not only code genetic information in sequences but also have unknown functions regarding their structures and stabilities through drastic structural changes in cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Matsumoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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Savva L, Georgiades SN. Recent Developments in Small-Molecule Ligands of Medicinal Relevance for Harnessing the Anticancer Potential of G-Quadruplexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040841. [PMID: 33562720 PMCID: PMC7914483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes, a family of tetraplex helical nucleic acid topologies, have emerged in recent years as novel targets, with untapped potential for anticancer research. Their potential stems from the fact that G-quadruplexes occur in functionally-important regions of the human genome, such as the telomere tandem sequences, several proto-oncogene promoters, other regulatory regions and sequences of DNA (e.g., rDNA), as well as in mRNAs encoding for proteins with roles in tumorigenesis. Modulation of G-quadruplexes, via interaction with high-affinity ligands, leads to their stabilization, with numerous observed anticancer effects. Despite the fact that only a few lead compounds for G-quadruplex modulation have progressed to clinical trials so far, recent advancements in the field now create conditions that foster further development of drug candidates. This review highlights biological processes through which G-quadruplexes can exert their anticancer effects and describes, via selected case studies, progress of the last few years on the development of efficient and drug-like G-quadruplex-targeted ligands, intended to harness the anticancer potential offered by G-quadruplexes. The review finally provides a critical discussion of perceived challenges and limitations that have previously hampered the progression of G-quadruplex-targeted lead compounds to clinical trials, concluding with an optimistic future outlook.
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D’Aria F, Pagano B, Petraccone L, Giancola C. KRAS Promoter G-Quadruplexes from Sequences of Different Length: A Physicochemical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010448. [PMID: 33466280 PMCID: PMC7795837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) form in relevant genomic regions and intervene in several biological processes, including the modulation of oncogenes expression, and are potential anticancer drug targets. The human KRAS proto-oncogene promoter region contains guanine-rich sequences able to fold into G4 structures. Here, by using circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry as complementary physicochemical methodologies, we compared the thermodynamic stability of the G4s formed by a shorter and a longer version of the KRAS promoter sequence, namely 5′-AGGGCGGTGTGGGAATAGGGAA-3′ (KRAS 22RT) and 5′-AGGGCGGTGTGGGAAGAGGGAAGAGGGGGAGG-3′ (KRAS 32R). Our results show that the unfolding mechanism of KRAS 32R is more complex than that of KRAS 22RT. The different thermodynamic stability is discussed based on the recently determined NMR structures. The binding properties of TMPyP4 and BRACO-19, two well-known G4-targeting anticancer compounds, to the KRAS G4s were also investigated. The present physicochemical study aims to help in choosing the best G4 target for potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica D’Aria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Luigi Petraccone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Concetta Giancola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Andreeva DV, Tikhomirov AS, Shchekotikhin AE. Ligands of G-quadruplex nucleic acids. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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MD-TSPC4: Computational Method for Predicting the Thermal Stability of I-Motif. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010061. [PMID: 33374624 PMCID: PMC7793491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
I-Motif is a tetrameric cytosine-rich DNA structure with hemi-protonated cytosine: cytosine base pairs. Recent evidence showed that i-motif structures in human cells play regulatory roles in the genome. Therefore, characterization of novel i-motifs and investigation of their functional implication are urgently needed for comprehensive understanding of their roles in gene regulation. However, considering the complications of experimental investigation of i-motifs and the large number of putative i-motifs in the genome, development of an in silico tool for the characterization of i-motifs in the high throughput scale is necessary. We developed a novel computation method, MD-TSPC4, to predict the thermal stability of i-motifs based on molecular modeling and molecular dynamic simulation. By assuming that the flexibility of loops in i-motifs correlated with thermal stability within certain temperature ranges, we evaluated the correlation between the root mean square deviations (RMSDs) of model structures and the thermal stability as the experimentally obtained melting temperature (Tm). Based on this correlation, we propose an equation for Tm prediction from RMSD. We expect this method can be useful for estimating the overall structure and stability of putative i-motifs in the genome, which can be a starting point of further structural and functional studies of i-motifs.
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23
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Ogloblina AM, Iaccarino N, Capasso D, Di Gaetano S, Garzarella EU, Dolinnaya NG, Yakubovskaya MG, Pagano B, Amato J, Randazzo A. Toward G-Quadruplex-Based Anticancer Agents: Biophysical and Biological Studies of Novel AS1411 Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7781. [PMID: 33096752 PMCID: PMC7590035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain G-quadruplex forming guanine-rich oligonucleotides (GROs), including AS1411, are endowed with cancer-selective antiproliferative activity. They are known to bind to nucleolin protein, resulting in the inhibition of nucleolin-mediated phenomena. However, multiple nucleolin-independent biological effects of GROs have also been reported, allowing them to be considered promising candidates for multi-targeted cancer therapy. Herein, with the aim of optimizing AS1411 structural features to find GROs with improved anticancer properties, we have studied a small library of AS1411 derivatives differing in the sequence length and base composition. The AS1411 derivatives were characterized by using circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and then investigated for their enzymatic resistance in serum and nuclear extract, as well as for their ability to bind nucleolin, inhibit topoisomerase I, and affect the viability of MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. All derivatives showed higher thermal stability and inhibitory effect against topoisomerase I than AS1411. In addition, most of them showed an improved antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 cells compared to AS1411 despite a weaker binding to nucleolin. Our results support the hypothesis that the antiproliferative properties of GROs are due to multi-targeted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Ogloblina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.O.); (M.G.Y.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.I.); (E.U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.I.); (E.U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies (CESTEV), University of Naples Federico II, Via A. De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Emanuele U. Garzarella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.I.); (E.U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Nina G. Dolinnaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Marianna G. Yakubovskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.O.); (M.G.Y.)
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.I.); (E.U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.I.); (E.U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.I.); (E.U.G.); (A.R.)
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G-quadruplex, Friend or Foe: The Role of the G-quartet in Anticancer Strategies. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:848-861. [PMID: 32467069 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applicability of G-quadruplexes (G4s) as anticancer drugs is currently being evaluated. Several G4 ligands and aptamers are undergoing clinical trials following the notable examples of quarfloxin and AS1411, respectively. In this review, we summarize the latest achievements and breakthroughs in the use of G4 nucleic acids as both therapeutic tools ('friends', as healing anticancer drugs) and targets ('foes', within the harmful cancer cell), particularly using aptamers and quadruplex-targeted ligands, respectively. We explore the recent research on synthetic G4 ligands toward the discovery of anticancer therapeutics and their mechanism of action. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in chemical and structural biology that enable the design of specific G4 aptamers to be used as novel anticancer agents.
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25
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D’Aguanno S, Del Bufalo D. Inhibition of Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Current Overview in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051287. [PMID: 32455818 PMCID: PMC7291206 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interplay between pro-death and pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins is responsible for a cell’s fate. Due to the recognized relevance of this family in cancer progression and response to therapy, different efforts have made in recent years in order to develop small molecules able to target anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. The limitations of the first Bcl-2 family targeted drugs, regarding on-target and off-target toxicities, have been overcome with the development of venetoclax (ABT-199), the first BH3 mimetic inhibitor approved by the FDA. The purpose of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art in the development of drugs targeting Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins and to highlight the potential of their application as single agents or in combination for improving anti-cancer therapy, focusing in particular on solid tumors.
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26
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Tan J, Lan L. The DNA secondary structures at telomeres and genome instability. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:47. [PMID: 32257105 PMCID: PMC7104500 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeric DNA are TTAGGG tandem repeats, which are susceptible for oxidative DNA damage and hotspot regions for formation of DNA secondary structures such as t-loop, D-loop, G-quadruplexes (G4), and R-loop. In the past two decades, unique DNA or RNA secondary structures at telomeres or some specific regions of genome have become promising therapeutic targets. G-quadruplex and R-loops at telomeres or transcribed regions of genome have been considered as the potential targets for cancer therapy. Here we discuss the potentials to target the secondary structures (G4s and R-loops) in genome as therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tan
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Li Lan
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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27
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Duan J, Wang X, Kizer ME. Biotechnological and Therapeutic Applications of Natural Nucleic Acid Structural Motifs. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:26. [PMID: 32067108 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic information and the blueprint of life are stored in the form of nucleic acids. The primary sequence of DNA, read from the canonical double helix, provides the code for RNA and protein synthesis. Yet these already-information-rich molecules have higher-order structures which play critical roles in transcription and translation. Uncovering the sequences, parameters, and conditions which govern the formation of these structural motifs has allowed researchers to study them and to utilize them in biotechnological and therapeutic applications in vitro and in vivo. This review covers both DNA and RNA structural motifs found naturally in biological systems including catalytic nucleic acids, non-coding RNA, aptamers, G-quadruplexes, i-motifs, and Holliday junctions. For each category, an overview of the structural characteristics, biological prevalence, and function will be discussed. The biotechnological and therapeutic applications of these structural motifs are highlighted. Future perspectives focus on the addition of proteins and unnatural modifications to enhance structural stability for greater applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Sciences, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Megan E Kizer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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28
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Caterino M, D'Aria F, Kustov AV, Belykh DV, Khudyaeva IS, Starseva OM, Berezin DB, Pylina YI, Usacheva T, Amato J, Giancola C. Selective binding of a bioactive porphyrin-based photosensitizer to the G-quadruplex from the KRAS oncogene promoter. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 145:244-251. [PMID: 31870869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The G-quadruplex-forming sequence within the KRAS proto-oncogene P1 promoter is a promising target for anticancer therapy. Porphyrin derivatives are among the most rewarding G-quadruplex binders. They can also behave as photosensitizers. METHODS Three water-soluble, positively charged porphyrin-like compounds were synthesized and tested for their interaction with the KRAS G-quadruplex by circular dichroism, fluorescence, and molecular docking calculations. For a comparison of ligands binding affinity and selectivity, TMPyP4 was taken as a reference. RESULTS One out of the three tested compounds proved biological activity and selectivity for G-quadruplex over duplex DNA. It also showed to discriminate between different G-quadruplex topologies, with a preference for the parallel over antiparallel conformation. Molecular docking studies suggested a preferential binding to the 3'-end of the KRAS G-quadruplex driven through π-π stacking interactions. Biological assays also revealed a good photodynamic-induced cytotoxicity on HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS The reported results show that these porphyrin-like compounds could actually give the basis for the development of G-quadruplex ligands with effective photodynamic-induced cytotoxicity on cancer cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The possibility of obtaining photosensitizers with improved physico-chemical features and able to selectively target G-quadruplexes is a very interesting perspective to develop new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caterino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica D'Aria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrey V Kustov
- Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation; Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii V Belykh
- Institute of Chemistry of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Irina S Khudyaeva
- Institute of Chemistry of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Olga M Starseva
- Institute of Chemistry of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy B Berezin
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Yana I Pylina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Usacheva
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of General Chemical Technology, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Concetta Giancola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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29
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Catalano R, Moraca F, Amato J, Cristofari C, Rigo R, Via LD, Rocca R, Lupia A, Maruca A, Costa G, Catalanotti B, Artese A, Pagano B, Randazzo A, Sissi C, Novellino E, Alcaro S. Targeting multiple G-quadruplex–forming DNA sequences: Design, biophysical and biological evaluations of indolo-naphthyridine scaffold derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Synthesis, DNA binding studies, and antiproliferative activity of novel Pt(II)-complexes with an L-alanyl-based ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110868. [PMID: 31837618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An artificial alanine-based amino acid {(S)-2-amino-3-[4-propyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]propanoic acid, here named TioxAla}, bearing a substituted triazolyl-thione group on the side chain and able to bind RNA biomedical targets, was here chosen as a valuable scaffold for the synthesis of new platinum complexes with potential dual action owing to the concomitant presence of the metal centre and the amino acid moiety. Three new platinum complexes, obtained from the reaction of TioxAla with K2PtCl4, were characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and UV-vis spectroscopy: one compound (Pt1, bis-{(S)-2-amino-3-[4-propyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]propanoate-O,S} platinum(II)) consisted of two amino acid units coordinating the Pt(II) ion; the other two, Pt2 [potassium dichloro-{(S)-2-amino-3-[4-propyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]propanoate (O,S)} platinum(II)] and Pt3 [potassium dichloro-{(S)-2-amino-3-[4-propyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]propanoate (O,N)} platinum(II)], were isomers bearing one TioxAla unit, and two chlorides as Pt-ligands. Pt coordination involved preferentially the amino, carboxylic and thione functions of TioxAla. By preliminary antiproliferative assays, a moderate cytotoxic activity on cancer cells was observed only for Pt2 and Pt3, while no anticancer activity was found for both the chloride-free complex (Pt1) and TioxAla. This cytotoxicity, however lower than that of cisplatin, well correlated with the marked ability, here found only for Pt2 and Pt3 complexes, to bind DNA sequences either in random coil or in structured forms (duplex and G-quadruplex), as verified by spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis.
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31
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Dhamodharan V, Pradeepkumar PI. Specific Recognition of Promoter G-Quadruplex DNAs by Small Molecule Ligands and Light-up Probes. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2102-2114. [PMID: 31532996 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
G-Quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded nucleic acid structures whose underlying G-rich sequences are present across the chromosome and transcriptome. These highly structured elements are known to regulate many key biological functions such as replication, transcription, translation, and genomic stability, thereby providing an additional layer of gene regulation. G4s are structurally dynamic and diverse, and they can fold into numerous topologies. They are potential targets for small molecules, which can modulate their functions. To this end, myriad classes of small molecules have been developed and studied for their ability to bind and stabilize these unique structures. Though many of them can selectively target G4s over duplex DNA, only a few of them can distinguish one G4 topology from others. Design and development of G4-specific ligands are challenging owing to the subtle structural variations among G4 structures. However, screening assays and computational methods have identified a few classes of ligands that preferentially or specifically target the G4 topology of interest over others. This review focuses on the small molecules and fluorescent probes that specifically target human promoter G4s associated with oncogenes. Targeting promoter G4s could circumvent the issues such as undruggability and development of drug resistance associated with the protein targets. The ligands discussed here highlight that development of G4-specific ligands is an achievable goal in spite of the limited structural data available. The future goal is to pursue the development of G4-specific ligands endowed with drug-like properties for G4-based therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Dhamodharan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 9040495, Japan
| | - P. I. Pradeepkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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32
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Di Gaetano S, Bedini E, Landolfi A, Pedone E, Pirone L, Saviano M, Traboni S, Capasso D, Iadonisi A. Synthesis of diglycosylated (di)sulfides and comparative evaluation of their antiproliferative effect against tumor cell lines: A focus on the nature of sugar-recognizing mediators involved. Carbohydr Res 2019; 482:107740. [PMID: 31302458 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A mini-library of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diglycosyl (di)sulfides, containing d-galactose, l-fucose and N-acetyl glucosamine units, were synthesized and tested for the antiproliferative activity against cervix carcinoma (HeLa) and melanoma (A375) tumor cell lines as well as healthy fibroblasts (HDF). Comparative analysis of results seems to indicate that the most relevant antiproliferative effect is not primarily influenced by interactions with galectins, as the most cytotoxic compound observed for HeLa and A375 is not a ligand for such receptors. The most active molecules against HeLa and A375 lines also exhibited a good selectivity, showing a low toxicity to HDF cells. Obtained results offer useful indications for future design of structurally simple antitumor molecules based on sugar moieties with bridging sulfur atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Landolfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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33
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Pelliccia S, Amato J, Capasso D, Di Gaetano S, Massarotti A, Piccolo M, Irace C, Tron GC, Pagano B, Randazzo A, Novellino E, Giustiniano M. Bio-Inspired Dual-Selective BCL-2/c-MYC G-Quadruplex Binders: Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity of Drug-like Imidazo[2,1-i]purine Derivatives. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2035-2050. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sveva Pelliccia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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34
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Mendes E, Cadoni E, Carneiro F, Afonso MB, Brito H, Lavrado J, Dos Santos DJVA, Vítor JB, Neidle S, Rodrigues CMP, Paulo A. Combining 1,3-Ditriazolylbenzene and Quinoline to Discover a New G-Quadruplex-Interactive Small Molecule Active against Cancer Stem-Like Cells. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1325-1328. [PMID: 31162877 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quadruplex nucleic acids are promising targets for cancer therapy. In this study we used a fragment-based approach to create new flexible G-quadruplex (G4) DNA-interactive small molecules with good calculated oral drug-like properties, based on quinoline and triazole heterocycles. G4 melting temperature and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-stop assays showed that two of these compounds are selective G4 ligands, as they were able to induce and stabilize G4s in a dose- and DNA sequence-dependent manner. Molecular docking studies have suggested plausible quadruplex binding to both the G-quartet and groove, with the quinoline module playing the major role. Compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines, where 4,4'-(4,4'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,1-diyl))bis(1-methylquinolin-1-ium) (1 d) showed the greater activity. Importantly, dose-response curves show that 1 d is cytotoxic in the human colon cancer HT-29 cell line enriched in cancer stem-like cells, a subpopulation of cells implicated in chemoresistance. Overall, this study identified a new small molecule as a promising lead for the development of drugs targeting G4 in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Enrico Cadoni
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Carneiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Lavrado
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel J V A Dos Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge B Vítor
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry & Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stephen Neidle
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Paulo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649 003, Lisbon, Portugal
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35
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Cheng Y, Tang Q, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Yan J, You H. Folding/unfolding kinetics of G-quadruplexes upstream of the P1 promoter of the human BCL-2 oncogene. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5890-5895. [PMID: 30787104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-rich Pu39 region of the P1 promoter of the oncogene BCL-2, an apoptosis regulator, can fold into multiple G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Bcl2-2345 and Bcl2-1245 are two major G4 species forming with high thermal stability and distinct topologies in the Pu39 region, but their folding/unfolding kinetics have not yet been investigated. Here, we used magnetic tweezers to measure the mechanical stability and the folding/unfolding kinetics of the Bcl2-2345 and Bcl2-1245 G4 structures. We report that the hybrid-stranded Bcl2-2345 G4 had a lower mechanical stability than the parallel-stranded Bcl2-1245 G4. We observed that the Bcl2-2345 G4 is a kinetically favored structure, whereas the Bcl2-1245 G4, with a slow unfolding rate, may function as a kinetic barrier for transcription. We also determined that in addition to the Bcl2-2345 and Bcl2-1245 G4s, other stable DNA secondary structures, such as a hybrid-stranded Bcl2-1234 G4, can also form in the Pu39 sequence. The characterization of the folding/unfolding kinetics of specific G4s reported here sheds light on the participation of G4s during gene transcription and provides information for designing G4-targeting small molecules that could modulate BCL-2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlei Cheng
- From the School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Qingnan Tang
- the Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yutong Li
- From the School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yashuo Zhang
- From the School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Chuyuan Zhao
- the Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- the Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore; the Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Huijuan You
- From the School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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36
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Asamitsu S, Obata S, Yu Z, Bando T, Sugiyama H. Recent Progress of Targeted G-Quadruplex-Preferred Ligands Toward Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:E429. [PMID: 30682877 PMCID: PMC6384606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A G-quadruplex (G4) is a well-known nucleic acid secondary structure comprising guanine-rich sequences, and has profound implications for various pharmacological and biological events, including cancers. Therefore, ligands interacting with G4s have attracted great attention as potential anticancer therapies or in molecular probe applications. To date, a large variety of DNA/RNA G4 ligands have been developed by a number of laboratories. As protein-targeting drugs face similar situations, G-quadruplex-interacting drugs displayed low selectivity to the targeted G-quadruplex structure. This low selectivity could cause unexpected effects that are usually reasons to halt the drug development process. In this review, we address the recent research on synthetic G4 DNA-interacting ligands that allow targeting of selected G4s as an approach toward the discovery of highly effective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefan Asamitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Obata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Zutao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiyacho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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37
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Pagano A, Iaccarino N, Abdelhamid MAS, Brancaccio D, Garzarella EU, Di Porzio A, Novellino E, Waller ZAE, Pagano B, Amato J, Randazzo A. Common G-Quadruplex Binding Agents Found to Interact With i-Motif-Forming DNA: Unexpected Multi-Target-Directed Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:281. [PMID: 30137743 PMCID: PMC6066642 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) and i-motif (iM) are four-stranded non-canonical nucleic acid structural arrangements. Recent evidences suggest that these DNA structures exist in living cells and could be involved in several cancer-related processes, thus representing an attractive target for anticancer drug discovery. Efforts toward the development of G4 targeting compounds have led to a number of effective bioactive ligands. Herein, employing several biophysical methodologies, we studied the ability of some well-known G4 ligands to interact with iM-forming DNA. The data showed that the investigated compounds are actually able to interact with both DNA in vitro, thus acting de facto as multi-target-directed agents. Interestingly, while all the compounds stabilize the G4, some of them significantly reduce the stability of the iM. The present study highlights the importance, when studying G4-targeting compounds, of evaluating also their behavior toward the i-motif counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mahmoud A S Abdelhamid
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna Di Porzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Zoë A E Waller
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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38
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Gunaratnam M, Collie GW, Reszka AP, Todd AK, Parkinson GN, Neidle S. A naphthalene diimide G-quadruplex ligand inhibits cell growth and down-regulates BCL-2 expression in an imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal cancer cell line. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2958-2964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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