1
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Pecorari D, Mazzanti A, Mancinelli M. Atropostatin: Design and Total Synthesis of an Atropisomeric Lactone–Atorvastatin Prodrug. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073176. [PMID: 37049939 PMCID: PMC10095771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatins play an important role in the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme present in the liver that takes part in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. In this article, we report the total synthesis of a lactone–atorvastatin prodrug with additional atropisomeric features. Conformational and experimental studies of model compounds were designed to test the stability of the chiral axis. Docking calculations were performed to evaluate the constant inhibition of a library of atorvastatins. Full synthesis of the best candidate was achieved and thermally stable atropisomeric lactone–atorvastatin was obtained. The absolute configuration of the chiral axis of the atropisomers was assigned by means of chiroptical ECD spectroscopy coupled with TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pecorari
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Mancinelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Hamdy NA, El Sayed MT, Hussein HAR, Mounier MM, Anwar MM. Synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds bearing tetralin moiety of potential anticancer activity targeting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2172348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nehal A. Hamdy
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mardia T. El Sayed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda A. R. Hussein
- Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Mounier
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Anwar
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Li MM, Huang H, Pu Y, Tian W, Deng Y, Lu J. A close look into the biological and synthetic aspects of fused pyrazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114739. [PMID: 36126386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fusion of pyrazole scaffold with other skeletons creates a class of attractive molecules, demonstrating significant biological and chemical potentiality in the development of medicinal chemistry. Over the past few decades, numerous biologically active molecules featuring fused pyrazole moieties have been excavated and synthesized, some of which represented by sildenafil have been marketed as drugs, and the biological importance together with chemical synthesis strategies of fused pyrazole compounds, including structural modification based on lead compounds, have been steadily progressing. In this review, we focused our attention on the biological importance of fused pyrazoles and highlighted recent progress in the synthesis of this framework over the past 10 years. What' s more, the limitations, challenges, and future prospects were proposed, wishing to provide references for the development of pyrazole fused frameworks in the field of medicinal chemistry. Contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiru Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wanrong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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4
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Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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5
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Walunj Y, Kulkarni P, Shaikh AN, Chavan A, Bobade VD, Mhaske PC. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of 3-Fluoromethyl Pyrazole Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2077391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Walunj
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, S. P. Mandali’s Sir Parashurambhau College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
- Department of Chemistry, Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Pune, India
| | - Pramod Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Pune, India
| | - Abdullatif N. Shaikh
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, S. P. Mandali’s Sir Parashurambhau College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
- Department of Chemistry, Jijamata College of Science and Arts (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ahmednagar, India
| | - Abhijit Chavan
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, S. P. Mandali’s Sir Parashurambhau College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Vivek D. Bobade
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, H. P. T. Arts and R. Y. K. Science College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Nashik, India
| | - Pravin C. Mhaske
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, S. P. Mandali’s Sir Parashurambhau College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
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6
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Synthesis of heterocyclic ring-fused quinones (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Kumar R, Kumar A, Ram S, Angeli A, Bonardi A, Nocentini A, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Novel benzenesulfonamide-bearing pyrazoles and 1,2,4-thiadiazoles as selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100241. [PMID: 34596922 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two series comprising 20 novel benzenesulfonamides bearing thioureido-linked pyrazole 8 and amino-1,2,4-thiadiazole 10 were synthesized and assayed as human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitors against isoforms I and II as well as the tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII. Molecular modeling studies of some potent derivatives (8a, 8c, 10a, and 10c) were also performed against isoforms hCA I, II, and XII. Both the promising series of compounds were synthesized by using commercially available mtethyl ketones and sulfanilamide as the starting materials. Interestingly, this paper also reports a novel methodology for the synthesis of amino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles 10 using 3-amino isoxazoles and 4-isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonamide as reactants. The activity profile of all the newly synthesized compounds reveals that amino-linked 1,2,4-thiadiazoles 10 were better inhibitors of the cytosolic isoform, hCA I, as compared to thioureido-linked pyrazoles 8. Further, hCA II was strongly inhibited by nearly all the newly synthesized sulfonamides, while all the compounds were less effective as hCA IX and XII inhibitors compared to the standard drug acetazolamide. However, in terms of selectivity, compound 8e was found to be the most selective inhibitor of hCA II, which is the isoform associated with glaucoma, edema, altitude sickness, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
- Department of Chemistry, Ch. Mani Ram Godara Government College for Women, Bhodia Khera, Fatehabad, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Sita Ram
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
- Department of Chemistry, J. C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- NEUROFARBA Department-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modelling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modelling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modelling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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8
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Utecht-Jarzyńska G, Nagła K, Mlostoń G, Heimgartner H, Palusiak M, Jasiński M. A straightforward conversion of 1,4-quinones into polycyclic pyrazoles via [3 + 2]-cycloaddition with fluorinated nitrile imines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1509-1517. [PMID: 34285722 PMCID: PMC8261526 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In-situ-generated N-aryl nitrile imines derived from trifluoroacetonitrile efficiently react with polycyclic 1,4-quinones, yielding fused pyrazole derivatives as the exclusive products. The reactions proceed via the initially formed [3 + 2]-cycloadducts, which undergo spontaneous aerial oxidation to give aromatized heterocyclic products. Only for 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, the expected [3 + 2]-cycloadduct exhibited fair stability and could be isolated in moderate yield (53%). The presented method offers a straightforward access to hitherto little known trifluoromethylated polycyclic pyrazoles. All products were isolated as pale colored solids with medium-intensity absorption maxima in the range of 310-340 nm for naphthoquinone-derived products and low-intensity bands in the visible region (≈400 nm) for the anthraquinone series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Utecht-Jarzyńska
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Nagła
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Palusiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Jasiński
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Łódź, Poland
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9
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Zhang L, Zhang G, Xu S, Song Y. Recent advances of quinones as a privileged structure in drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113632. [PMID: 34153576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Privileged structures are conductive to discover novel bioactive substances because they can bind to multiple targets with high affinity. Quinones are considered to be a privileged structure and useful template for the design of new compounds with potential pharmacological activity. This article presents the recent developments (2014-2021 update) of quinones in the fields of antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) and antimalarial, mainly focusing on biological activities, structural modification and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People's Hospital, 250001, 148 Jingyi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guiying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Rizhao People's Hospital, 276800, 126 Tai'an Road, Rizhao, PR China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yuning Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, PR China.
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10
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He Y, Xu DH, Zhang YJ, Zhang C, Guo JM, Li L, Liang XQ. Microscopic mechanism of light-induced tetrazole-quinone 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: a MS-CASPT2 theoretical investigation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32792-32798. [PMID: 35493565 PMCID: PMC9042216 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, experimentalists have developed a green and efficient method to synthesize pyrazole-fused quinones through light-induced tetrazole-quinone 1,3-dipole cycloadditions. However, the underlying microscopic mechanisms remain to be clarified. In this work, we have employed several electronic structure calculation methods (MS-CASPT2, CASSCF, DFT) to systematically explore the microscopic mechanism of related light-induced reactions and deactivation pathways. Upon excitation with ultraviolet light, one of the original reactants 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazole (FPT) reaches its S1 excited state. After that, due to the ultrahigh energy and the small energy barrier, the FPT molecule breaks the N2–N3 and N4–C5 bonds sequentially, removing the nitrogen atom finally in the S1 state. Combined with the cleavage of the second N4–C5 bond, the system reaches its conical intersection region and deactivates ultrafast to the ground state, generating the active intermediate ((4-fluorophenyl)diazen-1-ium-1-ylidene) (phenyl)methanide (FPNI). Subsequently, the active intermediate FPIN can react with naphthoquinone in the ground state by overcoming an energy barrier of about 5.7 kcal mol−1, after which the 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]indazole-4,9(3aH, 9aH)-dione (FP2HQ) is formed. The FP2HQ can be oxidized to obtain the 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]indazole-4,9-dione (PFQ). Due to the high energy and small barrier, the entire reaction process can easily take place, which ultimately leads to the efficient reaction. Our present work not only explains the experimental mechanism in detail but can also be helpful for the future design of related photoinduced reactions with the aid of theoretical calculations. The microscopic mechanisms of light-induced tetrazole-quinone 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition are elucidated using high level MS-CASPT2 calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Mdeical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Dong-Hui Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian-Min Guo
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Laicai Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
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11
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Kruschel RD, Buzid A, Khandavilli UBR, Lawrence SE, Glennon JD, McCarthy FO. Isoquinolinequinone N-oxides as anticancer agents effective against drug resistant cell lines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:557-568. [PMID: 31894828 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The isoquinolinequinone (IQQ) pharmacophore is a privileged framework in known cytotoxic natural product families, caulibugulones and mansouramycins. Exploiting both families as a chemical starting point, we report on the structured development of an IQQ N-oxide anticancer framework which exhibits growth inhibition in the nM range across melanoma, ovarian and leukaemia cancer cell lines. A new lead compound (16, R6 = benzyl, R7 = H) exhibits nM GI50 values against 31/57 human tumour cell lines screened as part of the NCI60 panel and shows activity against doxorubicin resistant tumour cell lines. An electrochemical study highlights a correlation between electropositivity of the IQQ N-oxide framework and cytotoxicity. Adduct binding to sulfur based biological nucleophiles glutathione and cysteine was observed in vitro. This new framework possesses significant anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Kruschel
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
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12
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Ortiz‐Rojano L, Rojas‐Martín J, Rodríguez‐Diaz C, Carreño MC, Ribagorda M. Light‐Induced Tetrazole‐Quinone 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions. Chemistry 2019; 25:15050-15054. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ortiz‐Rojano
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco TomásyValiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Jaime Rojas‐Martín
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco TomásyValiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ciro Rodríguez‐Diaz
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco TomásyValiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Carmen Carreño
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco TomásyValiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Ribagorda
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco TomásyValiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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13
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Fernandes GFDS, Fernandes BC, Valente V, Dos Santos JL. Recent advances in the discovery of small molecules targeting glioblastoma. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:8-26. [PMID: 30583248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common central nervous system cancers. It is characterized as a fast-growing tumor that arises from multiple cell types with neural stem-cell-like properties. Additionally, GBM tumors are highly invasive, which is attributed to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells that makes surgery ineffective in most cases. Currently, temozolomide is the unique chemotherapy option approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for GBM treatment. This review analyzes the emergence and development of new synthetic small molecules discovered as promising anti-glioblastoma agents. A number of compounds were described herein and grouped according to the main chemical class used in the drug discovery process. Importantly, we focused only on synthetic compounds published in the last 10 years, thus excluding natural products. Furthermore, we included in this review only those most biologically active compounds with proven in vitro and/or in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Felipe Dos Santos Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Barbara Colatto Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Valeria Valente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, 14800-060, Brazil.
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