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Tricyclic Fused Lactams by Mukaiyama Cyclisation of Phthalimides and Evaluation of their Biological Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010009. [PMID: 36671210 PMCID: PMC9854654 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that phthalimides may be cyclized using a Mukaiyama-type aldol coupling to give variously substituted fused lactam (1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-one) systems. This novel process shows a high level of regioselectivity for o-substituted phthalimides, dictated by steric and electronic factors, but not for m-substituted phthalimides. The initial aldol adduct is prone to elimination, giving 2,3-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones, and the initial cyclisation can be conducted in such a way that aldol cyclisation-elimination is achievable in a one-pot approach. The 2,3-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones possess cross conjugation and steric effects which significantly influence the reactivity of several functional groups, but conditions suitable for epoxidation, ester hydrolysis and amide formation, and reduction, which provide for ring manipulation, were identified. Many of the derived lactam systems, and especially the eliminated systems, show low solubility, which compromises biological activity, although in some cases, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity was found, and this new class of small molecule provides a useful skeleton for further elaboration and study.
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Silva Júnior JGD, Araújo HDAD, Rocha IGD, Silva Neto JCD, Oliveira RN, Assis SPD, Lima VLDM. Antihyperlipidemic activity of glycoconjugated phthalimides in mice submitted to a model of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200119. [PMID: 36094678 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are factors that trigger several negative metabolic complications. Hyperlipidemia is the starting point for the development of comorbidities of the cardiovascular system, such as atherosclerosis. The search for compounds that reduce high levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides has been widely reported in several publications in the literature. Phthalimide derivatives have been extensively researched with various biological actions. In this study we evaluated the antihyperlipidemic ability of three phthalimide derivatives (FGT-2, FGT-3 and FGT-4) on a model of obesity and insulin resistance in mice. The animals were submitted to a hyperlipid diet for 60 days. On the thirtieth day they were treated with phthalimides (20 mg/kg). The positive control group was treated with Simvastatin (20 mg/kg) and the negative control received only the carboxymethylcellulose vehicle. Biochemical and histological analyzes of all groups were analyzed. The animals treated with phthalimidic derivatives had a reduction in total cholesterol, low density and very low density lipoproteins (LDL-c and VLDL-c), triglycerides and fasting glycemia when compared to the negative control group. The treated animals also showed good results when analyzing the atherogenic indexes Castelli i and II and the ratio Triglycerides/HDL-c. In the oral glucose tolerance test and in the insulin tolerance test, animals treated with phthalimides were more sensitive to the action of the hormone regulating carbohydrate uptake. In the evaluation of the transaminases (AST/ALT), the animals of the group treated with phthalimides presented a lower elevation than the other groups of the experiment, the same observed with the uric acid evaluation. Histological analyzes were performed on liver, kidney, heart and pancreas samples. The groups treated with the compounds FGT-2 and FGT3 presented discrete alterations in the liver and kidney. FGT-4 did not present histological alterations for both tissues and the three phthalimide derivatives did not cause alterations in the other organs. These results suggest that the phthalimides tested can act as antihyperlipidemic agents and have a pleiotropic action, by acting also reducing glycemia in insulin resistance model mimicking diabetes mellitus type 2. These compounds may appear as a new approach in the treatment of obesity and complications, which are multifaceted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Guedes da Silva Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife - PE,, 50670-901, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Hallysson Douglas Andrade de Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Ismael Gomes da Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Jacinto Costa da Silva Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Ronaldo Nascimento Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Ciências Moleculares, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Shalom Porto de Assis
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco: Universidade Catolica de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química, Rua do Príncipe, 526 - Boa Vista, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, BRAZIL
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Shen WB, Tang XT, Zhang TT, Liu SY, He JM, Su TF. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Enynamides: Regioselective Access to Cyclopentadiene Frameworks and 2-Aminofurans. Org Lett 2020; 22:6799-6804. [PMID: 32845152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of alkynyl-tethered enynamides for the construction of fused bicyclic cyclopentadiene derivatives is disclosed. The cascade proceeds through alkyne oxidation, carbene/alkyne metathesis, and formal (3 + 2) cycloaddition. Employing aryl-tethered enynamides as starting materials, substituted 2-aminofurans can be exclusively formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Shen
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiang-Ting Tang
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Jiang-Man He
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Tong-Fu Su
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
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Lemke C, Christmann J, Yin J, Alonso JM, Serrano E, Chioua M, Ismaili L, Martínez-Grau MA, Beadle CD, Vetman T, Dato FM, Bartz U, Elsinghorst PW, Pietsch M, Müller CE, Iriepa I, Wille T, Marco-Contelles J, Gütschow M. Chromenones as Multineurotargeting Inhibitors of Human Enzymes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22161-22168. [PMID: 31891098 PMCID: PMC6933783 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The complex nature of multifactorial diseases, such as Morbus Alzheimer, has produced a strong need to design multitarget-directed ligands to address the involved complementary pathways. We performed a purposive structural modification of a tetratarget small-molecule, that is contilisant, and generated a combinatorial library of 28 substituted chromen-4-ones. The compounds comprise a basic moiety which is linker-connected to the 6-position of the heterocyclic chromenone core. The syntheses were accomplished by Mitsunobu- or Williamson-type ether formations. The resulting library members were evaluated at a panel of seven human enzymes, all of which being involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. A concomitant inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase and human monoamine oxidase B, with IC50 values of 5.58 and 7.20 μM, respectively, was achieved with the dual-target 6-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)butoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joscha Christmann
- Bundeswehr
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - Jiafei Yin
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - José M. Alonso
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, IQOG, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Serrano
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, IQOG, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, IQOG, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Neurosciences
intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Pôle de Chimie Organique
et Thérapeutique, Univ. Bourgogne
Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Christopher D. Beadle
- Lilly Research
Centre, Eli Lilly & Company, Erl Wood Manor,
Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, U.K.
| | - Tatiana Vetman
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis 46285, Indiana, United States
| | - Florian M. Dato
- Institute
II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Applied
Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Paul W. Elsinghorst
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Central
Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße
102, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute
II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Timo Wille
- Bundeswehr
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, IQOG, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Dato FM, Neudörfl JM, Gütschow M, Goldfuss B, Pietsch M. ω-Quinazolinonylalkyl aryl ureas as reversible inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103352. [PMID: 31668797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The serine hydrolase monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is involved in a plethora of pathological conditions, in particular pain and inflammation, various types of cancer, metabolic, neurological and cardiovascular disorders, and is therefore a promising target for drug development. Although a large number of irreversible-acting MAGL inhibitors have been discovered over the past years, there are only few compounds known so far which inhibit the enzyme in a reversible manner. Therefore, much effort is put into the development of novel chemical entities showing reversible inhibitory behavior, which is thought to cause less undesired side effects. To explore a wide range of chemical structures as MAGL binders, we have applied a virtual screening approach by docking small molecules into the crystal structure of human MAGL (hMAGL) and envisaged a library of 45 selected compounds which were then synthesized. Biochemical investigations included the determination of the inhibitory potency on hMAGL and two related hydrolases, i.e. human fatty acid amide hydrolase (hFAAH) and murine cholesterol esterase (mCEase). The most promising candidates from theses analyses, i.e. three ω-quinazolinonylalkyl aryl ureas bearing alkyl spacers of three to five methylene groups, exhibited IC50 values of 20-41 µM and reversible, detergent-insensitive behavior towards hMAGL. Among these compounds, the inhibitor 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)butyl)urea (96) was selected for further kinetic characterization, yielding a dissociation constant Ki = 15.4 µM and a mixed-type inhibition with a pronounced competitive component (α = 8.94). This mode of inhibition was further supported by a docking experiment, which suggested that the inhibitor occupies the substrate binding pocket of hMAGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Dato
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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